This survey introduces the contemporary MWP datasets til 2021, and methods including rule-based, and neural network encoder-decoder structures. Specifically, this paper concludes three strategies for math word solving, (i) direct answer generation, (ii) expression tree generation for inferring answers, and (iii) template retrieval for answer computation. Considering the type of problem solving method, this paper concludes two classes. The first class is non-neural approaches (rule-base or pattern matching approaches, semantic parsing, and statistical machine learning approaches), within which a particular strategy of applying domain knowledge in classifying the problems (e.g. into change, part-whole and compare classes). The second class is neural approaches, including intuitions of (i) predicting the answer directly (ii) generating a set of equations or mathematical expressions and inferring answers from the by executing them (iii) retrieving the templates from a pool of templates derived from training data and augmenting numerical quantities to compute the answer. These neural approaches generally follow encoder-decoder architectures, which fall in four types (i) seq-to-seq (ii) Transformer-to-tree (iii) seq-to-tree (iv) graph-to-tree.
-
+
Among the four methods, the tree-structured decoder attend both parents and siblings to generate the next token, while the bottom-up representation of sub-tree of a sibling could further help to derive better outcomes. The graph-based encoder aims to learn different types of relationships among the constituents of MWPs. This section also mentions that "Data augmentation is a popular preprocessing technique to increase the size of training data" (reverse operation-based augmentation techniques, different traversal orders of expression trees, and weak supervision).
In section Math Reasoning in Neural Approaches, this paper mentions several further topics under math reasoning, interpretability and explainability, infusing explicit and definitive knowledge, and reinforcement learning.
MathQA-Dataset (math-qa.github.io)
This paper proposes a math dataset which enhances the AQuA dataset by providing fully-specified operational programs.
This dataset has a diverse range of operators.
-
arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03874.pdf
MATH is a LaTeX format dataset, with its answer highlighted in a square block.
-
arkilpatel/SVAMP: NAACL 2021: Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems? (github.com)
This dataset does not distinguish the data with the texts. An example data is as follows.
-
Collected by OpenAI, this dataset consists of math problems in natural language descriptions, with the math formulas highlighted with special notes.The numbers are not explicitly highlighted with special symbols.
Several examples of the data format are as follows.
-
Providing 1000 grounded word problems.
This paper proposes a attention-based model Graph2Tree, consisting of graph-based encoder and a tree-based decoder.
The math word problems are constructed into Quantity Comparison Graph.
-
A novel approach called NumS2T is proposed to solve MWP. NumS2T is constructed with (a) an attention-based seq2seq model to generate its math expressions, (b) a numerical value encoder to obtain the number-aware problem state which are then concatenated with the problem hidden state in (a) to obtain number-aware problem representation, and (c) a numerical properties prediction mechanism for comparing the paired numerical values, determining the category of each numeral and measuring whether they should appear in the target expression.!
-
This paper proposes a novel approach
Most of the recent works follow the method of knowledge distilling, which means to generate high quality data with LLMs and then train a small model with the generated (and sometimes then augmented) data. The workflow of such tasks mainly assembles that of the following paper.
This paper proposes a knowledge distilling method in solving math reasoning problems.
-
This paper develops a cooperative reasoning-induced PLM for solving MWPs called Cooperative Reasoning (CoRe), with a generator to generate reasoning paths and a verifier to supervise the evaluation.
This paper mainly focus on the following two questions: (i) Which is a better performance indicator of LLMs? (pre-training loss amount/model size) (ii) How to improve small model's performance by data augmentation?
To answer the second question, this paper proposes a novel methods in data augmentation in the LLM data generation step which is called Rejection Finetuning (RFT). The algorithm of sampling data in RFT mainly adopts the thought of rejection sampling, which is expressed in the following pseudo-code. This paper assumes such an algorithm will yield as many as possible diverse reasoning paths.
-
+
The workflow of the RFT method is illustrated as follows, where the SFT stands for supervised finetuning.
-
+
With the novel method RFT, small models such as Llama-7b yields an accuracy of at most 49.7% on GSM8k, 14% higher than the previous SOTA method SFT.
This work is a prompt engineering work. diff --git a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230831195146.png b/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230831195146.png deleted file mode 100644 index 7a89f826..00000000 Binary files a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230831195146.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/DL/asset/1__92bnsMJy8Bl539G4v93yg.gif b/DL/asset/attention_mechenism.gif similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/1__92bnsMJy8Bl539G4v93yg.gif rename to DL/asset/attention_mechenism.gif diff --git "a/DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 23.12.24.png" b/DL/asset/graph2tree.png similarity index 100% rename from "DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 23.12.24.png" rename to DL/asset/graph2tree.png diff --git a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814170723.png b/DL/asset/gsm8k.png similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814170723.png rename to DL/asset/gsm8k.png diff --git a/DL/asset/v2-7761582f4974e76aa0df2a424b52ef99_720w.webp.png b/DL/asset/index.png similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/v2-7761582f4974e76aa0df2a424b52ef99_720w.webp.png rename to DL/asset/index.png diff --git a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814171003.png b/DL/asset/math.png similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814171003.png rename to DL/asset/math.png diff --git "a/DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 22.14.36.png" b/DL/asset/mathqa.png similarity index 100% rename from "DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 22.14.36.png" rename to DL/asset/mathqa.png diff --git "a/DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 22.46.32.png" b/DL/asset/numerical_values.png similarity index 100% rename from "DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 22.46.32.png" rename to DL/asset/numerical_values.png diff --git a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814211856.png b/DL/asset/reasoning_teachers.png similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814211856.png rename to DL/asset/reasoning_teachers.png diff --git a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814215707.png b/DL/asset/scaling_relationship.png similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814215707.png rename to DL/asset/scaling_relationship.png diff --git "a/DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 21.59.33.png" b/DL/asset/scaling_relationship2.png similarity index 100% rename from "DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-14 21.59.33.png" rename to DL/asset/scaling_relationship2.png diff --git a/DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814173843.png b/DL/asset/svmap.png similarity index 100% rename from DL/asset/Pasted image 20230814173843.png rename to DL/asset/svmap.png diff --git "a/DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-16 00.48.41.png" b/DL/asset/towards_tractable.png similarity index 100% rename from "DL/asset/\346\210\252\345\261\2172023-08-16 00.48.41.png" rename to DL/asset/towards_tractable.png diff --git a/DL/index.html b/DL/index.html index fa473a04..50da2609 100644 --- a/DL/index.html +++ b/DL/index.html @@ -1055,8 +1055,8 @@
这个索引没写完
而且我也不记得为什么下面放了这张图了
-
It is commonly considered that the subject linguistics consists of 6 main branches.
+Liguistics
+ | -------------
+ | - | Phonetics |
+ | ------------- -> Interface: TODO
+ | - | Phonology |
+ | ------------- -> Interface:
+ | - | Morphology |
+ | ------------- -> Interface:
+ | - | Syntax |
+ | ------------- -> Interface:
+ | - | Semantics |
+ | ------------- -> Interface:
+ | - | Pragmatics |
+ | -------------
+本专栏包含语言学笔记，目前已完成以下内容
-Besides, border topics of linguistics include +- Psycholinguistics +- Phylosophy of linguistics +- Computational linguistics
diff --git a/Ling/pol_en_todo/index.html b/Ling/pol_en_todo/index.html index 171ccf75..bf8d8a32 100644 --- a/Ling/pol_en_todo/index.html +++ b/Ling/pol_en_todo/index.html @@ -1041,8 +1041,8 @@第四段：CCC 同上上
第五段：Moving forward
第六段：why [program name] and why [school name]
+现在一个心得是 sop 是为该项目重新写过的那些能录，用别的项目的 sop 简单拼拼改改交上去的都给拒了。。
References
我的过去研究经历与我未来的目标方向特别不相似，但是感觉你必须去寻找一个平衡点，寻找两三个小标题能把他们都概括住。这两三个小标题首先要服务于未来方向，然后因为你过去的每个项目不可能只有一个属性/领域，可以选择能够服务于未来方向的方面，用“我受到了xx方面的启发”之类的话连接起来。
UCSD 给的参考指导 diff --git a/Other/howtocite/index.html b/Other/howtocite/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2067fc18 --- /dev/null +++ b/Other/howtocite/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1267 @@ + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +... But the best tool is by hand
+ + + + + + +这个页面用来收集 nlp 入门资料的 minimal closure（指足够学会的最小资源集合）
Google的一个教程，里面的playground做得比较直观，无需代码
Machine Learning | Google for Developers
diff --git a/Other/portfolio/index.html b/Other/portfolio/index.html index c30c2a0b..41a83d4b 100644 --- a/Other/portfolio/index.html +++ b/Other/portfolio/index.html @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ - + @@ -1045,8 +1045,8 @@我喜欢用引文自动生成器，推荐几个
+APA格式指的是美国心理学会（American Psychological Association，简称APA）出版的《美国心理协会出版手册》（Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association）。它起源于1929年，到目前为止已经更新至第七版，总页数也已经超过400页，里面详细规范了文章的页面格式（行间距、字体、字号、页边距等等）、图表表格\参考文献等等，极为全面。APA主要用于心理、教育及社会科学等学科。其规范格式主要包括文内文献引用（Reference Citations in Text）和文末参考文献列表（Reference List）两大部分。
-APA格式强调出版物的年代（Time of the Publication Year）而不大注重原文作者的姓名。引文时常将出版年代置于作者缩写的名（the Initial of Author’s First Name）之前。
-一、文内文献引用（ReferenceCitations in Text）
-1.单一作者
-格式应为“（作者姓氏（非首字母），发表年份）”。若作者姓名在文章中已被提及，只需标出年份就好（若需要可加上页数），仍需使用括号。多位作者以上同理。例如：
-A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005). Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
-2.两位作者
-作者姓氏必须以他们的名字在其发表文章内的顺序来排序。若两个作者都在括号内引用，名字中间需加上“&”符号；若不在括号内则使用“and”。例如：
-A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling & Liu, 2005). Pauling and Liu (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
-3.三至五位作者
-第一次引用时需列举全部的作者，往后若引用相同的文献，只需举出最主要的作者，再加上“et al.”。但是，在参考文献部分，全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。例如：
-A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, Liu, & Guo, 2005). Pauling, Liu, and Guo (2005) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling et al., 2005).
-4.六位作者以上
-举出第一位作者即可，格式应为“（作者 et al.，年份）”。在参考文献部分，全部作者的姓名皆须列举出来。例如：
-Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
-5.多篇文献，同一作者
-若一作者有多篇你想引用的文献，只需用逗号来区隔作品的发表年份（最早到最晚依序排列）。若多篇文献在同一年内发表，请在年份后面加上a、b、c……等标注。（按：abc的使用需与参考文献部分有所对应，而这些文献的编排以标题名称的字母来决定。）例如：
-A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b). Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism
-6.多篇文献，多位作者
-根据上一个的规则，并且使用分号隔开。排序先依照作者姓氏的字母，接着是发表年份。例如：
-A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Alford, 1995; Pauling, 2004, 2005; Sirkis, 2003)
-7.直接引述
-格式与前述无不同，一样为“（作者，年份，页数）”。例如：
-When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said “I think it’s the reinforcement” (Pauling, 2004, p. 69).
-二、文末参考文献列表（Reference List）
-在参考文献部分，APA格式规定部分的人名必须以姓（Family name）的字母顺序来排列，包括名（first name）的前缀。
-1.单一作者著作的书籍。例如：
-Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
-2.两位作者以上合著的书籍。例如：
-Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.
-3.文集中的文章。例如：
-Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application (pp. 42–64). London: OtherWorld Books.
-4.期刊中的文章。例如：
-Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God’s long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian Change, 64(7), 34–37.
-5.月刊杂志中的文章。例如：
-Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.
-6.报纸中的文章。例如：
-Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are “Problematastic” says Mayor. Toronto Sol., 4.
-7.政府官方文献
-Revenue Canada. (2001). Advanced gouging: Manual for employees (MP 65–347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue.
-8.针对电子文献、网站和线上文章，APA格式的网站上有订定一些基本的规则，第一就是提供读者详细的文献内容来源，第二为提供其有效的参考来源。
-⑴ 网络文章的打印版本
-Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black and white [Electronic version].Journal of Pointless Research, 11,123–124.
-⑵ 电子期刊的文章（只有网络版的期刊）
-Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture.Felines & Felons, 4,Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址.
-⑶ 电子短信（newsletter）的文章
-Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update.Off the beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from 网页地址.
-⑷ 单篇线上文献（无作者及著作日期）
-What I did today.(n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from 网页地址.
-⑸ 从大学课程或系上网站取得的文献
-Rogers, B. (2078).Faster-than-light travel: What we’ve learned in the first twenty years.Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site: 网页地址.
-⑹ 从数据库搜寻的期刊文章的电子复制版本（3至5位作者）
-Costanza, G., Seinfeld, J., Benes, E., Kramer, C., & Peterman, J. (1993). Minutiæ and insignificant observations from the nineteen-nineties.Journal about Nothing, 52,475–649. Retrieved October 31, 1999, from NoTHINGJournals database.
-⑺ 电子邮件或其他个人通讯（不出现在参考文献列表中，仅在文中标出）。例如：
-(A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001).
-9.储存于光碟的书籍
-Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]. New York: Random House/Listening Library.
-10.储存于录音带的书籍
-Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]。New York: Random House/Listening Library.
-APA格式范文可浏览网页：
- -其详细的介绍可参看美国佛蒙特大学图书馆大卫•W•豪纪念图书馆（David W. Howe Memorial Library of THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT Libraries）网站上的“APA (American Psychological Association) Style”网页（网址：
-APA (American Psychological Association) Style | Howe Library
+本来想写多一点的，但是太懒了
diff --git a/Other/zju_ling_cs/index.html b/Other/zju_ling_cs/index.html index 26081f9b..77615de2 100644 --- a/Other/zju_ling_cs/index.html +++ b/Other/zju_ling_cs/index.html @@ -1045,8 +1045,8 @@这是我主要用中文写的BLOG，大部分内容是学习笔记。我的笔记不多！以后也不会多的😤(出处🔗) 欢迎来看我的笔记！
-在网上找笔记/资源的时候，我的最大感受之一是虽然资源很多很多，但是常常不知道某个资源有多重要，无法评估里面涵盖了多少东西从而不知道要不要点开，或者无法估计在期末有限的时间里应该花多少时间复习某个资源。我正在努力在这里建一个尚能读的资源的pagetable，以防不幸的游客从侧边栏游走进本图书馆的垃圾堆漩涡🌀🌊。如果我目前的笔记在这个维度上做得不好，请联系我或者向我提issue催我改 谢谢！
| 编程语言 | -🟡C尖 | +🔴C尖 | 🔴C++ 🔗萱宝 | 🔴Verilog 🔗HDLBits | 🔴Python | @@ -1461,7 +1461,7 @@语言学 | 🟡语音学 | 🔴音系学 | -🔴形态学 | +🟡形态学 | 🟡句法学 🔗圆猫 | 🟢语义学 | 🟢语用学 | @@ -1516,7 +1516,7 @@
| 友链 | +来自于 | +内容 | +推荐语 | +
|---|---|---|---|
| mem 的小站 | +memset0 小朋友！ | +算法笔记/ZJU 课程笔记 | +谢谢第一位找我换友链的小朋友！是 OIer，算法笔记里的一些题目是不太常见的资源 | +
La biblioteca de Babel
\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\uff08\u522b\u4eba\u7ba1\u5b83\u53eb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff09\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u516d\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u56de\u5eca\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u300d \u2014\u2014 Jorge Luis Borges (1939)
\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u5199\u7684BLOG\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e0d\u591a\uff01\u4ee5\u540e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\u7684\ud83d\ude24(\u51fa\u5904\ud83d\udd17) \u6b22\u8fce\u6765\u770b\u6211\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff01
"},{"location":"#page-table","title":"\u9875\u8868Page Table","text":"\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u7b14\u8bb0/\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6700\u5927\u611f\u53d7\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u867d\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u91cc\u9762\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4e1c\u897f\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u70b9\u5f00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f30\u8ba1\u5728\u671f\u672b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u82b1\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u4e60\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u80fd\u8bfb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684pagetable\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u4ece\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f\u6e38\u8d70\u8fdb\u672c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5783\u573e\u5806\u6f29\u6da1\ud83c\udf00\ud83c\udf0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u6216\u8005\u5411\u6211\u63d0issue\u50ac\u6211\u6539 \u8c22\u8c22\uff01
\ud83d\udd34 \ud83d\udfe1 \ud83d\udfe2 \ud83d\udd17 \u5199\u5f97\u5f88\u70c2\u6216\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u5199\u4e86 \u5728\u5199\u7684\u4e14\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u4f1a\u5199\u5b8c\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\uff01 \u540c\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u597d\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90"},{"location":"#cs-notes","title":"\ud83d\udcbb CS Notes","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u8bfe.. \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00 \ud83d\udfe1C\u5c16 \ud83d\udd34C++ \ud83d\udd17\u8431\u5b9d \ud83d\udd34Verilog \ud83d\udd17HDLBits \ud83d\udd34Python \ud83d\udfe2x86\u6c47\u7f16 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66 \ud83d\udd34\u79bb\u6563\u6570\u5b66 \ud83d\udd17\u5706\u732b \ud83d\udfe1FDS \ud83d\udd34ADS \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba \ud83d\udd34\u7f16\u8bd1\u539f\u7406 \ud83d\udd17\u8431\u5b9d \u8f6f\u4ef6 \ud83d\udfe2OS \ud83d\udd17\u4fee\u52fe \ud83d\udfe1DBMS \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u7f51 \ud83d\udd34\u8f6f\u5de5 \u786c\u4ef6 \ud83d\udd34\u6570\u903b \ud83d\udd17\u4fee\u52fe \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u6982 \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u7ec4 \ud83d\udfe2\u4f53\u7cfb \u4e0d\u597d\u63cf\u8ff0 \ud83d\udd34\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u5de7 \ud83d\udfe1\u5199\u4e2a\u722c\u866b"},{"location":"#dl-notes","title":"\ud83c\udf93 DL Notes","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u8bfe.. DL \ud83d\udfe1RL CV NLP \ud83d\udd34Explainable NLP \ud83d\udd34Math Word Problem DM"},{"location":"#linguistics-notes","title":"\ud83c\udf33 Linguistics Notes","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u8bfe.. \u8bed\u8a00\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe1\u8bed\u97f3\u5b66 \ud83d\udd34\u97f3\u7cfb\u5b66 \ud83d\udd34\u5f62\u6001\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe1\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66 \ud83d\udd17\u5706\u732b \ud83d\udfe2\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe2\u8bed\u7528\u5b66 \u4e0d\u597d\u63cf\u8ff0 \ud83d\udfe2\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66"},{"location":"#_1","title":"\ud83d\udcad \u8bf4\u778e\u8bdd\u4e86","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u5e16\u5b50.. \u751f\u5b58\u7ecf\u9a8c.. ZJU\u751f\u5b58\u7ecf\u9a8c.. \ud83d\udfe2\u4ece\u82f1\u4e13\u8f6cCS\u548cNLP\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5e16 \u5347\u5b66\u7ecf\u9a8c.. \ud83d\udfe124fall\u7533\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f55"},{"location":"#_2","title":"\u76f8\u4f3c\u8d44\u6e90\u6307\u8def","text":"\u7ad9 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f \u672c\u7ad9\uff1a# \u63ba\u6742\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0 + \u5fc3\u5f97 \u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a\ud83d\udd17ZJU_COURSE_MATERIALS \u5ba2\u89c2\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aZJU\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8d44\u6599\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1"},{"location":"#_3","title":"\u8054\u7cfb\u4f5c\u8005","text":"\ud83d\udceb \u90ae\u7bb1 | \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbb \u4e3b\u9875
"},{"location":"CS/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5305\u62ec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b14\u8bb0
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/","title":"C\u5927\u7a0b libgraphics \u6587\u6863 \u4f7f\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55","text":"\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ca1\u5199\u5b8c TODO
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_1","title":"\u5df2\u77e5\u95ee\u9898","text":"\u2192\u4fee\u6539Makefile.win\uff0c\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u5165\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u6b65\u4e0d\u52a0\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u884c\uff09
gratest1.o:gratest1.c\n$(CC) -c gratest1.c -o gratest1.o $(CFLAGS)\ngraphics.h \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c11\u91cf\u753b\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3
InitGraphics();\nMovePen(x, y);\nDrawLine(dx, dy);\nDrawArc(r, start, sweep);\nGetWindowWidth();\nGetWindowHeight();\nGetCurrentX();\nGetCurrentY();\n\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_3","title":"\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"\u5728main.c\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316
#include \"graphics.h\"\n#include \"extragraph.h\"\n#include \"imgui.h\"\nvoid Main() // \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5199Main\n{\nSet WindowTitle(\"Your Title\");\nInitGraphics(); // \u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\n}\nInitGraphics(); \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_4","title":"\u7a97\u53e3","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fd4\u56de\u7a97\u53e3\u5bbd\u3001\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53\u524dX\u3001Y\u5750\u6807\u3002
GetWindowWidth();\nGetWindowHeight();\nGetCurrentX();\nGetCurrentY();\n\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u91cf\u53d6\u540d\u5b57
#define HouseHeight 2.0\n#define HouseWidth 3.0\n#define AtticHeight 0.7\n#define DoorWidth 0.4\n#define DoorKnobRadius 0.03\n#define DoorKnobInset 0.07\n#define PaneHeight 0.25\n#define PaneWidth 0.2\n#define FirstFloorWindows 0.3\n#define SecondFloorWindows 1.25\n\u5c06\u7b14\u79fb\u52a8\u5230(x, y)\u8be5\u5750\u6807\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5f53\u753b\u56fe\u5f62\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u7b14\u5750\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u3002
MovePen(double x, double y);\n\u5728\u753b\u7ebf\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981MovePen();
DrawLine(double dx, double dy);\n\u753b\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff1a
\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f0\uff0c\u5411\u53f3\u589e\u5927
\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u662f0\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u5927
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8c61\u9650
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#drawarc","title":"DrawArc","text":"\u5728\u753b\u5f27\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981MovePen();
DrawArc(double r, double start, double sweep);\nvoid DrawBox (double x, double y, double width, double height)\n{\nMovePen(x, y);\nDrawLine(0, height);\nDrawLine(width, 0);\nDrawLine(0, height);\nDrawLine(-width, 0);\n}\nvoid DrawCenteredBox(double x, double y, double width, double height)\n{\nDrawBox(w - width/2, y - height/2, width, height);\n}\nvoid DrawCenteredCircle(double x, double y, double r)\n{\nMovePen(x + r, y);\nDrawArc(r, 0, 360);\n}\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u4e32
DrawTextString(string);\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6
double stringLen = TextStringWidth(string); typedef void(* KeyboardEventCallback)(int key, int event);\nregisterTimerEvent(mytimer); //\u83b7\u53d6\u7535\u8111\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9mytimer\nstartTimer(0, (int)(1000/speed)); // \u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f20\u8fdb\u6765\u7684timer\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\nvoid TimerEventProcess(int timerID);\n\u793a\u4f8b
typedef enum\n{\nLabelTimer,\nBoxTimer,\n} MyTimer;\nvoid mytimer(int timerID)\n{\nswitch (timerID)\n{\ncase LabelTimer:\nlabel_x += 0.5;\nif (label_x > 5.0) label_x = 1.0;\ndisplay();\nbreak;\ncase BoxTimer:\nbox_y += 0.5;\nif (box_y > 5.0) box_y = 1.0;\ndisplay();\nbreak;\nbreak;\n}\n}\nregisterTimerEvent(mytimer);\nstartTimer(LabelTimer, 100);\nstartTimer(BoxTimer, 200);\nvoid MouseEventProcess(int x, int y, int button, int event);\nx, y - \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5750\u6807
button - \u6309\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u952e
event - \u6309\u4e0b\uff0c\u677e\u5f00\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6
void myMouseEvent (int x, int y, int button, int event)\n{\nmouse_x = ScaleXInches(x); // \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5728extragraph\u5e93\u91cc\nmouse_y = ScaleYInches(y);\ndisplay();\n}\n\u9700\u8981\u5728Main()\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c
registerMouseEvent(myMouseEvent);\n\u5728display()\u91cc
void display()\n{\ndouble w = 1.0;\ndouble h = GetFontHeight() * 2;\n// \u6e05\u9664\u5c4f\u5e55\nDisplayClear();\n// draw a square\nSetPenColor(\"Red\");\ndrawLabel(label_x, label_y, \"Lable is Here\");\n//draw a rect/box to trace the mouse\n//drawRectangle(mouse_x, mouse_y, w, h, 0);\nSetPenColor(\"Blue\");\ndrawBox(mouse_x, mouse_y, w, h, 1, \"This box follows the mouse\", 'L', \"Red\");\n}\n#include \"linkedlist.h\"\n\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a linkedlist \u540d\u53eb g_polylines
linkedlistADT g_polylines = NULL;\ng_polylines = NewLinkedList();\ndisplay();\nvoid display()\n{\nlinkedlistADT poly = NextNode(g_polylines, g_polylines);\nSetPenColor(\"Blue\");\nif (poly) {\nPoint * p = (Point*) NodeObj(g_polylines, poly);\ndouble lx = p->x;\ndouble ly = p->y;\nMovePen(lx, ly);\nwhile (poly = NextNode(g_polylines, poly))\n{\np = (Point*) NodeObj(g_polylines, poly);\nDrawLine(p->x - lx, p->y - ly);\nlx = p->x;\nly = p->y;\n}\n}\n}\n\u8fd9\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5e93
#include <windows.h>\n#include <winuser.h>\n#include \"graphics.h\"\n#include \"extgraph.h\"\n#include \"imgui.h\"\n#include \"linkedlist.h\"\nvoid charEventProcess(char c);\nc - \u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u7684ASCII\u7801
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_17","title":"\u952e\u76d8\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570","text":"void KeyboardEventProcess(int key, int event);\nkey - \u54ea\u4e2a\u952e
event - \u6309\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u677e\u5f00
\u793a\u4f8b
\u5728Main()\u4e2d
\nvoid myKeyboardEvent(int key, int event)\n{\nuiGetKeyboard(key, event); // needed for using simpleGUI\ndisplay();\nswitch (event)\n{\ncase KEY_UP:\nif (key == VK_F1)\ng_add_point = !g_add_point;\nbreak;\ndefault:\nbreak;\n}\n}\n\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u989c\u8272\u5217\u8868
char colorlist[100][100] = {\u201dBlack\u201d, \u201cDark Gray\u201d, \u201cGray\u201d, \u201cLight Gary\u201d, \u201cWhite\u201d, \u201cBrown\u201d, \u201cRed\u201d, \u201cOrange\u201d, \u201cYellow\u201d, \u201cGreen\u201d, \u201cBlue\u201d, \u201cViolet\u201d, \u201cMagenta\u201d, \u201cCyan\u201d};\nconst int colorNumber = 14;\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u989c\u8272
\u989c\u8272\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u989c\u8272\u5e93\uff0cRGB\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u90fd\u662f[0, 1]\u800c\u4e0d\u662f[0, 256)
DefineColor(\"Color Name\", R, G, B);\nFailure
Lab\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u6362\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e1a1: \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362
\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u683c\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u3002
\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e1a2: \u6253\u5370ASCII\u7801\u8868
\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ea2\u7684ascii\u7801\u548c\u7eff\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u53f7\u3002
\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5148\u628a\u4f4d\u79fb\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u518d\u586b\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5f04\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e1a3: \u7b80\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668
\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u8def\uff1a80386\u8bed\u6cd5\u5199\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u53d8\u91cf\u91cc
\u52a0\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u9ad8\u4f4d\u52a0\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f4d\u52a0\u4f4e\u4f4d
\u4e58\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u4e58\u4f4e\u4f4d\u548c\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7ed3\u679c\u52a0\u8fdb\u4f4d
\u9664\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u9664\u9ad8\u4f4d\u548c\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff0c\u3002\u3002\u540e\u9762\u5fd8\u4e86
\u8f93\u51fa\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4f4d
\u4f5c\u4e1a4: C\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16
\u4ed6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2ac\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7528c\u548c\u6c47\u7f16\u5939\u5fc3\u8c03\u8bd5\u628ac\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u3002
\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1a
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u5b58 + \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 + \u5224\u65ad\u7ec8\u6b62 + \u64cd\u4f5c + \u50a8\u5b58 + \u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6 + \u8df3\u8f6c + \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u6062\u590d
\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u540dmytest.c
gcc -c -g -o mytest mytest.c\nobjdump -s -d main.o > main.o.txt\n\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801
gcc -g -c -o main.o main.c\nobjdump -S -d main.o > main.o.txt\n\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7
objdump -j .text -ld -C -S main.o > main.o.txt\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u6c47\u7f16
gcc -o main main.c\nobjdump -s -d main > main.txt\n\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801
gcc -g -o main main.c\nobjdump -S -d main > main.txt\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u586b\u7a7a\u9898(3\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u989810\u5206\uff0c\u517130\u5206)
\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528stack\u538b\u5165\u53c2\u6570 \u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fac\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff08\uff1f\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u538b\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\uff0ccaller\u6e05\u7406 pascal\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\uff0ccallee\u6e05\u7406 stdcall\uff0c\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\uff0ccaller\u6e05\u7406 \u90fd\u7528ax\u8fd4\u56de\u53c2\u6570 \u4e00\u822c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u904d\u518d\u586b \uff08\u4e00\u822c20\u51e0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9605\u8bfb(2\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u98985\u5206\uff0c\u517110\u5206) \u4f1a\u95ee\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\uff08#\uff09\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u5230\u90fd\u8981\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u591a\uff09
\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u5199\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9898
\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u6846\u67b6\uff0cebp\u3002\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u770b\u61c2\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9012\u5f52\uff0c \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u586b\u7a7a\u4f1a\u51fa\u5355\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fb9\u89e3\u5bc6\u8fb9\u52a0\u5bc6\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8003\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_2","title":"\u590d\u4e60","text":""},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#intel-808680386-cpu","title":"Intel 8086/80386 CPU \u529f\u80fd\u7ed3\u6784","text":""},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_3","title":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f","text":"\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u5668\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u603b\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u79cd\u5668\u4ef6\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#163280x86-view","title":"16\u4f4d\u548c32\u4f4d\u768480x86\u7684\u533a\u522b - \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfview","text":"1234h:0058h \u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740=12340h+0058h=12398h \u8865\u7801
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_5","title":"\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d","text":"\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\uff1aCF ZF SF OF AF PF \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff1aDF(direction flags) TF(trace/trap flag) IF(interrupt flag)
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_6","title":"\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a","text":"\u5c0f\u7aef\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4f4e\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u540e\u3002 \u8bbeds=1000h, bx=2000h, ax=1234h Mov ds:[bx], ax \u6267\u884c\u540e1000:2001\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u8282=12h
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_7","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"\u603b\u7ed3
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7c7b\u522b \u7528\u9014 AX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u4e58\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e58\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3002\u53e6\u5916I/O\u6307\u4ee4\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0eI/O\u8bbe\u5907\u4f20\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 BX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u6307\u4ee4\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u505a\u57fa\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5b58\u5165\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u6216\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6210\u5206 CX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u6307\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u8ba1\u6570 DX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5728\u53cc\u5b57\u8282\u957f\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e0eAX\u6784\u621032\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0cDX\u4e3a\u9ad816\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9bI/O\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0cDX\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740 SP \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6808\u9876\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0eSS\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u6808\u9876\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740 BP \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5176\u6307\u5411\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5373\u63d0\u4f9b\u6808\u4e2d\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u52a0\u6bb5\u524d\u7f00\u540e\uff0cBP\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6307\u9488 SI \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4e0eDS\u8054\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u505a\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0cSI\u6307\u793a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u51cf\u91cf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53d8\u5740\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\uff0cSI\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u79fb\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf DI \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4e0eDS\u8054\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u79fb\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff0c\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cDI\u6307\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u6bb5\u4e2d\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u91cf\u548c\u51cf\u91cf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 CS \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5b58\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u7801 DS \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7ed3\u679c SS \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4ee5\u201c\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u201d\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u533a ES \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u636e\u533a\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u4e32\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u636e IP \u63a7\u5236\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf FR \u63a7\u5236\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d "},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_8","title":"\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"IA-32\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e00\u5171\u67094\u4e2a32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd94\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c16\u4f4d\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c8\u4f4d\u7528\u3002
AX BX CX DX\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72ec\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982 AX \u53ef\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a AH \u548c AL\uff0cBX \u62c6\u5206\u4e3a BH \u548c BL \u7b49\u3002H \u548c L \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u9ad8 8 \u4f4d\u548c\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d\u3002
AX(accumulator)\uff1a\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\u3002\u5728\u4e58\u9664\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u4e32\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001 I/O \u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1b BX (base)\uff1a\u57fa\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u6863\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002
CX (count)\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u3002
DX (data)\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u5e38\u548cEAX\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_9","title":"\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740
ESI(source index): \u6e90\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002
EDI(destination index)\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002
ESI\u548cEDI\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c
rep movs dword ptr[edi], dword ptr[esi];\n\u8fd9\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u628aESI\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230EDI\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u5728ECX\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_10","title":"\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"ESP\uff08stack pointer\uff09\uff1a\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002SS\uff1aSP\u6307\u5411\u5806\u6808\u7684\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u867d\u7136\u662f\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u968f\u4fbf\u6539\u53d8SP\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cESP\u5b58\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u5806\u6808\u6808\u9876\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cESP\u548cEBP\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 EBP\uff08base pointer\uff09\uff1a\u57fa\u5740\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u6808\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 EIP\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u6808\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a
push ebp\nmov ebp, esp\nsub esp, 78\npush esi\npush edi\ncmp dword ptr [ebp+8], 0\nss\u6808\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 sp\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 bp\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6808\u5bfb\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_11","title":"\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668EFLAGS\u4e00\u5171\u670932\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd932\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u7f16\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u7684\u3002
IP (instruction pointer)\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 CS \u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 IP \u662f 8086CPU \u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u548c\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5373\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\uff0c8086CPU \u5c06 CS:IP \u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f53\u505a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u7f13\u51b2\u5668\u540e\u3001\u6267\u884c\u524d\uff0cIP += \u6240\u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee IP \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
FL (flags)\uff1a\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e5f\u6709 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ea\u7528\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 9 \u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9 9 \u4f4d\u5305\u62ec 6 \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u548c 3 \u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u201d\u3002
OF\uff08Overflow Flag\uff09:\u6ea2\u51fa\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u65f6\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\u53d8\u8d1f\uff0c\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d1f\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\u53d8\u6b63\u4f1a\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002#
DF \uff08Direction Flag\uff09:\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5728\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u30020:\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\uff0c1\uff1a\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u3002cld\uff0cstd\u3002#
IF (Interrupt Flag) :\u4e2d\u65ad\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u65ad0\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u65ad1\u3002cli\uff0csti\u3002#
AF (Auxiliary carry Flag) :\u8f85\u52a9\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6709\u8fdb\u4f4d\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002
ZF (Zero Flag) :\u96f6\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a0\u65f6ZF\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002
SF (Sign Flag):\u7b26\u53f7\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002#
CF (Carry Flag): \u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fdb\u4f4d\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002\u914d\u5957\u7684clc\uff0cstc\u4e24\u6761\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u7f6e1\u3002#
PF (Parity Flag): \u5947\u5076\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e2d1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002
TF\uff1a\u5355\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\u8981\u7528\u3002#
EFLAGS\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eeEFLAGS\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9690\u542b\u8bbf\u95eeEFLAGS\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
cmp dword ptr [ebp+8], 0. // \u5f71\u54cd\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dCF\uff0cZF\uff0cSF\uff0cOF\uff0cAF\u548cPF\nJz 99495898 //\u5982\u679cZF\u7b49\u4e8e1\uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c\u523000405898 \u603b\u7ed3
\u6307\u4ee4 \u4f5c\u7528 \u53c2\u6570 \u6539\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d mov \u8d4b\u503c \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u503c\u3011 no xchg \u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362 \u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u3011\uff0c\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u3011 no push \u8fdb\u6808 \u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3011 pop \u51fa\u6808 \u76ee\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3011 pushf \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8fdb\u6808 \u65e0 popf \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u51fa\u6808 \u65e0 lea Load effect address\uff0c\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u53d6\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740 lds \u5f53\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u662f16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5341\u516d\u4f4d\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u53d6\u51fa\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570+2\u7684\u5341\u516d\u4f4d\u6570\u88c5\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u662f32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u65f6 \u628a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u768432\u4f4d\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u88c5\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7136\u540e\u628a \u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570+4 \u768416\u4f4d\u6570\u88c5\u5165\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002mem\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740,\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u5728DS\u4e2d,\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u5728reg\u4e2d. LDS reg,mem les \u628a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5b57\u88c5\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5b57\u88c5\u5165ES\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002 cbw 8\u4f4d\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a16\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6269\u5145 no cwd \u5b57(16\u4f4d)\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u53cc\u5b57(32\u4f4d)\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\uff1f no add \u52a0 OPRDS\uff0cOPRDD adc \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u52a0\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u542b\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dCF\u7684\u503c\uff0c=OPRDS\uff0bOPRDD\uff0bCF\uff09 OPRDS\uff0cOPRDD sub \u51cf OPRDD\uff0cOPRDS sbb \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u51cf\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u542b\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dCF\u7684\u503c\uff0c=OPRDD\uff0dOPRDS\uff0dCF\uff09 OPRDD\uff0cOPRDS inc \u81ea\u589e1 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 dec \u81ea\u51cf1 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 mul 32\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aEAX\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e58\u79ef\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5728EDX\uff1aEAX\u4e2d 32\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 16\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aAX\u90a3\u4e48\u4e58\u79ef\u5c06\u653e\u5728DX\uff1aAX\u4e2di 16\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 8\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aAL\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e58\u79ef\u5c06\u653e\u5728AX 8\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 div 32\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\u5c06\u662fEDX\uff1aEAX\uff0c \u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5546\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5728EAX\uff0c \u4f59\u6570\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5728EDX\u4e2d 32\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 16\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\u4e3aEAX\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5546\u653e\u5728AX\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u653e\u5728EAX\u7684\u9ad816\u4f4d 16\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 8\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\u662f16\u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5546\u5c06\u653e\u5728AL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u653e\u5728AH\u4e2d 8\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 imul \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u4e58 idiv \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u9664 xlat \u6362\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5bx\u4e3a\u9996\u5730\u5740\u7684\uff0c\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u4e3aal\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9001\u7ed9al\u3002 in \u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u5199\u6307\u4ee4 IN AL,21H\uff1b\u8868\u793a\u4ece21H\u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u5230AL out \u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u5199\u6307\u4ee4 and \u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e or \u6309\u4f4d\u6216 xor \u6309\u4f4d\u5f02\u6216 not \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6309\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd neg \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6309\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\u52a0\u4e00 test \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0eand\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u76ee\u6807\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u503c\u3002 shl \u903b\u8f91\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u6216\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u79fb\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5199\u5165cf\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u75280\u8865\u5145\u3002 shr \u903b\u8f91\u53f3\u79fb\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u6216\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u79fb\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5199\u5165cf\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u75280\u8865\u5145\u3002 sal \u7b97\u672f\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0eshl\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u88650 sar \u7b97\u672f\u53f3\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0eshr\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u53f3\u79fb\u8865\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d rol \u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb ror \u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb rcl \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c\u5de6\u79fb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u79fb\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u4f1a\u653e\u5728cf\uff1f rcr \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb cmp \u6bd4\u8f83 ja jump if above jb Jump if below jae Jump if above or equal jbe Jump if below or equal jg jump if greater\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5927\u4e8e\u8df3\u8f6c jl jump less\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8df3\u8f6c jge jump if greater or equal jle Jump if less or equal jc jump if with carry, CF = 1 jnc jump if not with carry, CF = 0 je = jz jump if equal, ZF = 1 jne = jnz jump if not equal, ZF = 0 jz jump if zero, ZF = 1 jnz jump if not zero, ZF = 0 jcxz jump if cx equals zero js SF = 1 jns SF = 0 jo Jump if overflow, OF = 1 jno jump if not overflow, OF = 0 loop \u5faa\u73af \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u540d clc clear carry flag\uff0c\u5c06cf\u4f4d\u6e05\u96f6 stc set carry flag\uff0cCF\u7f6e1 cli clear interrupt endable flag\uff0cIF\u6e05\u96f6\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u4e2d\u65ad sti set interrupt endable flag\uff0cIF\u7f6e\u4f4d1\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u4e2d\u65ad CMC complement carry flag\uff0cCF\u53d6\u53cd CLD clear direction flag\uff0cDF\u6e05\u96f6 STD set interrupt endable flag\uff0cDF\u7f6e1 call \u8fd1\u8c03\u7528 ret \u8fd1\u8fd4\u56de call far ptr \u8fdc\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e09\u4e2apush\u4e00\u4e2ajmp\u3002push f\uff0cpush cs\uff0cpush ip\uff0cjump retf \u8fdc\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e09\u4e2apop\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u2f64\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fee\u6539CS\u548cIP\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u2f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdc\u8f6c\u79fb int \u4e2d\u65ad\u6307\u4ee4 iret \u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de jmp short \u6bb5\u5185\u77ed\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u77ed\u662f\u6307\u8981\u8df3\u2f84\u7684\u2f6c\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\u524d\u540e\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7128\u5b57\u8282 jmp near ptr \u6bb5\u5185\u8fd1\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd1\u662f\u6307\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u2f6c\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\u5728\u2f64\u2f00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5185\uff0c\u5373CS\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u6539\u53d8EIP\u7684\u503c jmp far ptr \u6bb5\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u8fdc\u6307\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u2f00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u53bb\u6267\u2f8f\uff0cCS/EIP\u90fd\u8981\u6539\u53d8 Jmp dword ptr \u6bb5\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5355\u5143\u5904\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u2fbc\u5730\u5740\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539CS\uff0c\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5185\u5bb9 \u4fee\u6539IP\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u2f45\u5f0f\u7ed9\u51fa repe/renpe scasb \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u626b\u63cf\u6307\u4ee4\u3002cmp al, es:[di] di++; \u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3adi-- repne:\u5f53ECX!=0\u5e76\u4e14ZF==0\u65f6 \u91cd\u590d repe: cx != 0\u4e14zf != 0\u91cd\u590d repe/renpe cmpsb \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u2f50\u8f83byte ptr ds:[si]\u4e0ebyte ptr es:[di] \u5f53DF=0\u65f6\uff0cSI++\uff0cDI++ \u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0cSI--\uff0cDI-- repne:\u5f53ECX!=0\u5e76\u4e14ZF==0\u65f6 \u91cd\u590d repe: cx != 0\u4e14zf != 0\u91cd\u590d rep movsb \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u79fb\u52a8\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u4e2drep\u8868\u793arepeat\uff0cs\u8868\u793astring\uff0cb\u8868\u793abyte \u5728\u6267\u2f8f\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u8981\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51c6\u5907\u2f2f\u4f5c\uff1a \u2460ds:si lodsb \u5757\u88c5\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u628aSI\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u8bfb\u5165\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\uff0clodsb\u5c31\u8bfb\u5165ax\uff0clodsw\u5c31\u8bfb\u5165ax\uff0c\u7136\u540esi\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c0f1\u62162 stosb/stosw/stosd SI\u6307\u5411\u7684\ud83d\udd17,\u5176\u4e2dLODSB\u662f\u8bfb\u5165AL, LODSW\u662f\u8bfb\u5165AX\u4e2d, \u7136\u540eSI\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c0f1\u62162\u4f4d.\u5f53\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dDF=0\u65f6\uff0c\u5219SI\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\uff1bDF=1\u65f6\uff0cSI\u81ea\u52a8\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002 rep stosb lodsb"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_13","title":"\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4","text":"\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u3002
mov
mov eax, 56 // \u5c0656H\u4f20\u9001\u5230eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\nmov esi, dword ptr [eax * 2 + 1] // \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3aeax*2+1\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5230esi\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\nmov ah, byte ptr [esi * 2 + eax] // \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3aesi*+eax\u5904\u76848\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5230AH\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\nxchg
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f8\u5b57\u8282\u300116\u5b57\u8282\u621632\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u683c\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c
xchg eax, edx; // \u5c06edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u548ceax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4ea4\u6362\nxchg [esp-55], edi; // \u5c06edi\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u548c\u5806\u6808\u5730\u5740\u4e3a[esp-55]\u5904\u7684\u503c\u4ea4\u6362\npush pop
push\u548cpop\uff1a\u79f0\u4e3a\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u5f39\u51fa\u5806\u6808\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662fpush src(\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570)\u548cpop dst(\u76ee\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570)\uff0cpush\u6307\u4ee4\u548cpop\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5806\u6808\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002push\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570src\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp-4\uff08\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u51cf\u4e00\u4e2a4\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u800cpop\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u5806\u6808\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u5f39\u51fa4\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u503c\u7136\u540e\u653e\u5165dst\u3002\u572832\u4f4d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0cpush\u548cpop\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4ee54\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\uff0cpush\u548cpop\u6307\u4ee4\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2\u3002
push eax // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4ee54\u5b57\u8282\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp-4\npush dword ptr [12FF8589] // \u5c06\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5f39\u51fa\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3a12FF8589\u6240\u6307\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp+4\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\npop dword ptr [12FF8589] // \u5c06\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5f39\u51fa\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3a12FF8589\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp+4\npop eax // \u5c06\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5f39\u51fa\u5230eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp+4\nx86\u67093\u6761\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fLEA\uff0cLDS\u548cLES\u3002\u5176\u5b9eLDS\u548cLES\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u572832\u4f4d\u7684windows\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0cLDS\u548cLES\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53ea\u6709LEA\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
LEA
\u79f0\u4e3a\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u201cLEA DST, ADDR\u201d\u3002LEA\u5c06ADDR\u5730\u5740\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230DST\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dADDR\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u800cDST\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
lea eax, [12345678]; // \u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540eeax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4e3a12345678H\nmov eax, [12345678]; // \u800cmov eax, [12345678] \u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540eeax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u574012345678\u6307\u5411\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\n// LEA\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\nlea ecx, [ecx + eax*4]; // ecx = ecx + eax * 4\n// \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51faecx+eax*4\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5728[]\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0clea\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u540e\u5c31\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\n80x86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e868\u6761\u52a0\u51cf\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c4\u6761\u4e58\u9664\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
ADD\uff1a\u52a0\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4
add eax, esi; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u4e0aesi\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\nadd ebx, dword ptr[12345678] // \u5c06ebx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3a12345678\u6240\u5728\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728ebx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\n// \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e2d\uff0cdword\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u572832\u4f4d\u7684windows\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2aword\u536016\u5b57\u8282\uff0cdword\u536032\u5b57\u8282\n// 64\u4f4d\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2aword\u536032\u5b57\u8282\uff0cdword\u536064\u5b57\u8282\nsub \u51cf\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4
sub ecx, 4H; // \u5c06ecx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u51cf\u53bb4H\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\nsub byte ptr[eax], ch; // \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3aeax\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u548cch\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f8\u51cf\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\ninc\u52a01\u6307\u4ee4
inc eax; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u52a01\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ndec\u51cf1\u6307\u4ee4
dec edx; // \u5c06dec\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u51cf1\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ncmp\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4
\u79f0\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u201dcmp oper1, oper2\u201d
cmp\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06oper1\u51cf\u53bboper2\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668eflags\u7684cf\uff0cpf\uff0czf\uff0caf\uff0csf\u548cof\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668eflags\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u503c\u5f97\u77e5cmp\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c
cmp eax, 56H; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u51cf\u53bb56H\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668eflags\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\nneg
neg\uff1a\u53d6\u8865\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662fneg oper
neg\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06oper\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u5c060\u51cf\u53bboper\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5728oper\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u3002
neg eax; \nmul imul
\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u4e58\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u4e58\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002mul\u6307\u4ee4\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u503c\u4e58oper\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u8d85\u8fc732\u4f4d\u5219\u9ad832\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0ceax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f4e32\u4f4d\u3002
mul edx; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4e58\u4ee5edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\ndiv idiv
\u9664\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u9664\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
div ecx; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u63094\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u9664\u4ee5ecx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5546\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\ndiv word ptr [esp+36]; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u6309word\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u9664\u4ee5\u5806\u6808\u5730\u5740\u4e3aesp+36\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5546\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\nBX BP SI DI
BX\uff1a
BP\uff1a
SI\uff1a
DI\uff1a
\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\uff1abx\uff0cbp\uff0csi\uff0cdi\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185
\u7f3a\u7701\u6bb5\u5740\uff1ads\u548css\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6709bp\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662fss\uff0cbx\u4e00\u5b9a\u662fds
CS (code segment): \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002
DS (data segment)\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002
SS (stack segment)\uff1a\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002
ES (extra segment)\uff1a\u9644\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u9644\u52a0\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u6bb5\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e 2 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528 DS \u548c ES \u6307\u5411\u3002
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0cDOS \u4f1a\u628a ds \u548c es \u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a psp(program segment prefix) \u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002psp \u6bb5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9996\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 100h \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d exe \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982 psp:80h \u5f00\u59cb\u5b58\u653e\u4e86 exe \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002
\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\uff1a \u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64\u4f5c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1abx, bp, si, di [bx], [bp], [si], [di]\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740 [bx + si], [bp + si], [bx + di], [bp + di]\u6ce8\u610f\u524d\u2faf\u5fc5\u987b\u662fbx/bp\uff0c\u540e\u2faf\u5fc5\u987b\u662fdi/si [bx+2] [bp-2] [si+1] [di-1] [bx+si+2] [bx+di-2]
[bp+si+1] [bp+di-1] tips\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u2f45\u5f0f\u4e2d, bx\u6216bp\u901a\u5e38\u2f64\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u2fb8\u5730\u5740, \u2f7dsi\u6216di\u5219\u2f64\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0b \u6807\u3002
\u7f3a\u7701\u6bb5\u5740\uff1a\u4e0d\u542bbp\u7684\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u2f00\u822c\u90fd\u7701\u7565\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740ds\uff0c\u542b\u6709bp\u7684\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7701\u7565\u4e86ss\uff0c\u2f7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u662f \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u7684
\u7528\u5806\u6808\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7528[bp+]\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff1f
bp + \u591a\u5c11\u5c31\u662f\u6808\u91cc\u7684\u591a\u5c11
\u738b\u723d\u300a\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u2f94\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7248 \u9644\u5f554:\u2f64\u6808\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570
difcube:\n mov bp, sp\n mov ax, [bp+4] ;a\u7684\u503c\u9001\u5165ax\u4e2d\n sub ax, [bp+6] ;\u51cf\u6808\u4e2db\u7684\u503c\n mov bp, ax\n mul bp\n mul bp\n pop bp\n ret 4\nIntel\u4ece16\u4f4d\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u56688086\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6574\u4e2aCPU\u82af\u7247\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u67098086\uff0c8088\uff0816\u4f4dCPU\uff09\uff0c80186\uff0c80286\uff08\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\uff0c 80386\uff0c80486\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u5404\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u7684Pentium\u82af\u7247\uff0832\u4f4dCPU\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684x86\u90fd\u662f\u630732\u4f4dCPU
80386: 32\u4f4d\u6c47\u7f16\u3002
80836\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668(EAX EBX ECX EDX,ESP,EBP,ESI,EDI)
\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0e8086\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f8\u6bd4,\u753116\u4f4d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e8632\u4f4d
ESP:\u6808\u9876
EBP:\u6808\u5e95
EAX\uff0cEBX\uff0cECX\uff0cEDX\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
EAX\uff1a\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\uff08\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff09
EBX\uff1a\u57fa\u5740\uff08\uff3bEBX\uff0b100\uff28\uff3d\uff09
ECX\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8ba1\u6570\uff09
EDX\uff1a\u6570\u636e\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4EDX\uff0a10H\uff0b\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\uff1b\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff09
ESI\uff0cEDI\uff1a\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
ESI\uff1a\u6e90\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
EDI\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3000\u4e0eEBX\u57fa\u5740\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_17","title":"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e","text":"asm_sum.doc
xxjj\u7684\u300a\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u8003\u8bd5\u603b\u7ed3\u300b https://www.yuque.com/xianyuxuan/coding/mkte6u
[80386]80x86\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4_CarlosX\u7684\u535a\u5ba2-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_80386\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6
80386 \u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4 (\u4e09) _ttzyanswer\u7684\u535a\u5ba2-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2
"},{"location":"CS/CA/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u6253\u7b97\u7a0d\u5fae\u5199\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u7279\u522b\u5b8c\u6574\u7b14\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599 + \u6ca1\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7ec4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u786c\u80cc\u901f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u901f\u6210\u770b\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f
\u5f53\u7136\u9996\u5148\u82b1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5348\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u9a6c\u5fb7\u8ba1\u7ec4\u7684\u667a\u4e91 + xyx\u8ba1\u7ec4\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fb9\u5b66\u8fb9\u52a8\u7b14
\u8fd8\u6709\u6284 A4 \u7684\u89c4\u5212\u8bf7\u89c1\u6211 github \u90a3\u4e2a ZJU \u8d44\u6e90\u4ed3\u5e93
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599
\u8fd9\u5757\u5e38\u8003\u5927\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 AMAT\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 miss \u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#cache_1","title":"cache \u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"Warning
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8bb0\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e86\u6253\u7b97\u7b49\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7ec4\u518d\u8865\u3002
\u7c7b\u522b \u89e3\u91ca \u6807\u8bb0\u9879\u7ed3\u6784 \u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97 \u4f18\u70b9 \u7f3a\u70b9 direct-mapping \u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04 fully associative \u5168\u5173\u8054 2^n-set associative 2^n\u8def\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u8fd9\u5757\u5e38\u8003\u9009\u62e9\u3002
\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u7684\u56fe
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u9996\u5148\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a
\\[ Average\\space Memory\\_access\\space Time\\space (AMAT) = Hit\\_time + Miss\\_rate \\times Miss\\_penalty \\]\u9996\u5148\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5f53 CPU \u9700\u8981\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a - \u5982\u679c\u5728 cache \u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u751f cache hit\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709 cache \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u65f6\u5373hit_time\u3002 - \u5982\u679c\u5728 cache \u91cc\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a hit_time\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 hit_time \u662f 100% \u8981\u7528\u6389\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\uff0c\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\u7684\u7528\u65f6\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4 miss_rate \u4e58\u4e0a\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8017\u65f6 miss_penalty\u3002
Note
\u5f53\u7136\u9898\u76ee\u91cc\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4 \"cache \u548c memory \u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\"\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f cache \u548c memory \u4e00\u8d77\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c cache \u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u628a memory \u8bbf\u95ee\u6390\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728 miss \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u6bd4\u5148\u5728 cache \u91cc\u627e\u5b8c\u518d\u53bb memory \u627e\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 AMAT \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a hit_time \u4e58\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a hit_rate\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f 100% \u7528\u6389\u4e86\u3002
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0cAMAT \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373 (1)\u964d\u4f4e hit_time (2)\u51cf\u5c0f miss_rate (3)\u51cf\u5c0f miss_penalty\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u53eb (4)\u505a\u5e76\u884c\u7684 cache\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u7684 PPT \u91cc\u7b2c(4)\u9879\u597d\u50cf\u4f1a\u62c6\u51fa\u4e24\u7c7b\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u6309\u603b\u5171\u56db\u79cd\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u6765\u5199\uff0c\u8ddf\u56fe\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8212\u670d\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#miss-penalty","title":"Miss Penalty","text":"Multilevel Caches
\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u662f
\u5c0f/\u5feb <---------------> \u5927/\u6162\n[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668] - [cache] - [\u5185\u5b58] - [\u5916\u5b58]\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210
\u5c0f/\u5feb <---------------> \u5927/\u6162\n[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668] - [\u5c0fcache] - [\u5927cache] - [\u5185\u5b58] - [\u5916\u5b58]\nEarly Resart & Critical Word 1st
\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff09cache \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a block \u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a word \u7684\uff08\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u604d\u7136\u5927\u609f\u6709\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u201ccache \u6309 word \u7f16\u5740\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff09\uff0c\u800c block \u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5927\u4e8e cache \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u4f4d\u5bbd\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u60f3\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a block\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728 cache \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u597d\u51e0\u8d9f\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a block \u66ff\u6362\u5b8c\u3002
\u4f46\u662f miss \u53d1\u751f\u65f6 CPU \u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a word\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u628a CPU \u9700\u8981\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a word \u5199\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9 CPU \u5148\u7ee7\u7eed\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728 CPU \u7ee7\u7eed\u8dd1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u518d\u628a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684 word \u5199\u8fdb cache\u3002
Priority to Read Miss
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 write buffer \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c write \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8981 read\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4e0d\u5c06 buffer \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b49\u5230read\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecebuffer\u91cc\u8bfb\uff0c\u8bfb\u591a\u6b21\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u4ecebuffer\u91cc\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cwrite buffer \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5728 cache \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5185\u5b58\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u5199\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 cache \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5148\u642c\u5230 write buffer \u91cc\uff0c\u7136\u540e cache \u5148\u8dd1\u7740\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53bb\u6162\u6162\u5199\u5165\u3002
Merging Write Buffer
\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 write buffer \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002merging write buffer \u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5728\u591a\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u56de\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u56de\u3002write buffer \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6309 byte \u7f16\u5740\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u4f4d\u5bbd\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u4e8e byte\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u56de\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a word\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5047\u5982 write buffer \u91cc\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u56db\u884c mem[200], mem[400], mem[208], mem[408]\uff0c\u5199\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u56db\u6b21\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a word \u91cc\u7684 byte \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d8\u6210 mem[200] mem[208] \u548c mem[400] mem[408] \u4e24\u884c\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u5199\u56de\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5feb\u3002
Victim Caches
\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51cf\u5c11 conflict miss \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u9875\u5148\u653e\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a victim cache \u7ed3\u6784\u3002victim cache \u4e0e cache \u662f\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7 cache\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4e00\u7ea7 cache \u6162\u7684 cache\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f conflict miss\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a victim cache \u91cc\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u53d6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#miss-rate","title":"Miss Rate","text":"\u8fd9\u4e00\u680f\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728 cache \u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53bb\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053 cache \u7684\u4e09\u79cd miss \u8fd8\u662f\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cfrom \u738b\u9053\u8ba1\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684 2^n \u8def\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u80fd\u591f\u51e0\u4e4e\u517c\u5177\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5168\u5173\u8054\u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002
Larger Block Size
\u628a cache \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u5b58\u5f97\u4e1c\u897f\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136 miss_rate \u5c31\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0cmiss_penalty \u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5199\u8d77\u6765\u53d8\u6162\u4e86\u3002
Larger Cache Size
\u628a cache \u7684\u5757\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b58\u5f97\u4e1c\u897f\u4e5f\u591a\u4e86\uff0cmiss_rate \u5c31\u4e5f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u51b7\u542f\u52a8 compulsory miss \u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u3002
Higher Associativity
\u63d0\u5347\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u51cf\u5c11 cache \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 conflict miss\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u3002
Way-predicting Cache
\u5728\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f cache \u5177\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684 tag \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53bb\u67e5\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7ec4\u91cc\u54ea\u4e2a tag \u6bd4\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u731c\u4e00\u4e2a tag \u5728 cache \u91cc\u627e\u7740\uff0c\u7b49 tag \u51c6\u5907\u597d\u540e\u5982\u679c\u731c\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8282\u7ea6\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5 hit\u3002
Pseudo-associative Caches
\u65e2\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u53c8\u662f\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6620\u5c04\u7684 cache\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a cache \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04 cache\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u67e5\uff0c\u6700\u5feb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd cache \u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5728 cache \u5757\u4e2d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5757\uff0c\u5982\u679c miss \u4e86\u518d\u53bb\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684 hit_time \u548c2^n - 1\u4e2a\u5927\u7684 pseudo_hit_time\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u6765\u8bf4 miss_rate \u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u5c0f\uff0chit_time \u6bd4\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6620\u5c04\u5c0f\u3002
Compiler Techniques Reduce Cache Misses
\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4f8b\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53eb Merging Arrays, Loop Interchange, Blocking, \u548c Loop Merging\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002
Merging Arrays
\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u662fa[100], b[100], \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u8fde\u7eed\u8bbf\u95eea[i] b[i]\u5373\u4e0b\u6807\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9879\uff0ccache\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u653e\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4ea4\u66ff\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u653e\u5230cache\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4struct ab { a[100], b[100] }\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837 cache \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a a \u548c b \u76f8\u90bb\u5730\u62ff\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u51cf\u5c11miss\u3002
Loop Interchange
e.g.
/* Before: \u5916\u884c\u5185\u5217\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u653e\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58 */\nfor (k = 0; k < 100; k = k+1)\nfor (j = 0; j < 100; j = j+1)\nfor (i = 0; i < 5000; i = i+1)\nM[i][j] = 2 * M[i][j];\n/* After: \u5916\u5217\u5185\u884c */\nfor (k = 0; k < 100; k = k+1)\nfor (i = 0; i < 5000; i = i+1)\nfor (j = 0; j < 100; j = j+1)\nM[i][j] = 2 * M[i][j];\n\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684cache\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u7ef4\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u3002
Blocking
\u9002\u5f53\u62c6\u5206\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u914d\u5408cache\u5927\u5c0f\u3002e.g. \u77e9\u9635\u76f8\u4e58\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
/* Before */\nfor (i = 0; i < N: i += 1)\nfor (j = 0; j < N; j += 1) {\nr = 0; for (k = 0; k < N; k +=1 )\nr = r + y[i][k] * z[k][j]; }\n/* After */\nfor (jj = 0 ; jj < N; jj = jj+B)\nfor (kk = 0; kk < N; kk = kk +B) {\n// ...\u8bb0\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e86\nfor (ii = 0; ii < B; ii ++) {\n// \u603b\u4e4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a B * B \u7684 block\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d block \u662f cache \u80fd\u653e\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n}\n\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u6bcf\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a block \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
Loop Merging
\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8d77\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u5f00\u4e24\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e86\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#parallelism","title":"Parallelism","text":"Non-blocking Caches
cache miss\u65f6, \u7b49\u5f85\u5185\u5b58\u5199\u56de\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u522b\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u7b49\u5f85\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u522b\u7684\u5757\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u522b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5904\u7406write miss\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u7406read hit\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8eout of order\uff08\u4e71\u5e8f\uff09\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u3002
ppt \u7ed9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1aallows cache to continues to supply hits while processing read misses (hit under miss, hit under multiple miss)
Hardware Prefetching of Instr/Data
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u9884\u53d6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c branch-prediction \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u5e76\u63d0\u524d\u53d6\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5230cache\u91cc\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528prefetching\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u7684\uff0ccache \u4e5f\u662f non-blocking \u7684\u3002
Compiler Controlled Prefetching
\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6761\u9884\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u653e\u5230cache\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#hit-time","title":"Hit Time","text":"Small & Simple Caches
\u6bd4\u5982\u5c31\u9488\u5bf9 cache \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f cache \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684 cache \u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5b83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u53d8\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3002
Avoiding Address Translation
\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b cache \u6807\u8bb0\u4f4d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c OS \u91cc\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 cache \u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f \"physically tagged, virtually indexed\"(PTVI)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e cache block \u7684 tag \u6574\u4e2a\u5168\u90fd\u5728 page offset \u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757 offset \u5b57\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 page number \u9700\u8981\u9001\u8fdb tlb \u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u7269\u7406\u5e27\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f cache \u7b49\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5e27\u53f7\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u3001\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b8c\u518d\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5c31\u592a\u6162\u4e86\u3002\u65e2\u7136 tag \u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u5230\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c31\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c cache \u67e5\u627e\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002
Pipelined Cache Access
\u56e0\u4e3a cache management unit \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u597d\u591a\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6bcf\u6b65\u53bb\u50cf\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e00\u6837\u5e76\u884c\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 hit_time \u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u597d\u5904\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6307\u4ee4 miss \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u3002
Multi-banked Cache
\u5c06\u591a\u8def\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8def\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u884c\u3002
ppt \u7ed9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1acache is divided into independent banks that can support simultateous accesses like interleaved memory banks.
Trace Cache
\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9884\u53d6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53bb\u9884\u6d4b\u91cc cache \u4e0d\u4f1a\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8282\u7701\u4e86 cache \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5728 cache \u4e2d\u4e5f\u76f8\u90bb\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u628a prediction \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9001\u7ed9\u4e86 cache\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 cache \u5c31\u53bb\u9884\u53d6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5206\u652f\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/","title":"chap3: Instruction-level Parallelism (ILP)","text":""},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/#_1","title":"\u76ee\u5f55","text":"Note
\u662f\u5199\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u70b9\u4e86\u54c8\u3002\u5199\u4e0d\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u8ba1\u7ec4\u738b\u9053\u597d\u4e86\u3002
\u4e09\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89
\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89 Data Hazard \u5206\u4e3a\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u201c\u672c\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 RAW \u5c31\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u5199\u540e\u8bfb\u3002\uff09
\u7ed3\u6784\u7ade\u4e89 Structural Hazard \u662f\u6307\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a Function Unit\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u624d\u80fd\u7b97\u5b8c\u7684 ALU\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8be5 Function Unit \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u5f97\u7b49\u5148\u6765\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7b97\u5b8c\u624d\u80fd\u53bb\u7b97\u3002
\u63a7\u5236\u7ade\u4e89 Control Hazard \u662f\u6307\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u8df3\u8f6c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8df3\u4e0d\u8df3\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u505c\u4e0b\u7b49\u3002
\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7c7b\u578b
\u5355\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf \u4ee5\u8017\u65f6\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7528\u65f6\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u8dd1\u5b8c\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a(\u6307\u4ee4\u6570 + \u9636\u6bb5\u6570 - 1) * \u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u524d n-1 \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
\u591a\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf \u4f1a\u8003\u586b\u8868\u9898\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u4e58\u6cd5\u7b49 6 \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u9664\u6cd5\u7b49 24 \u4e2a\u7684\u3002lab \u91cc\u4f1a\u590d\u4e60\u5230\u3002
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0b\u56fe\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd
\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ce8\u610f\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7684 CPI \u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd8\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e 1\u3002\u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/#ilp_1","title":"ILP \u5728\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"Note
\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u5757\u8be5\u5199\u7684\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5199\u4e0d\u52a8\u4e86
\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb bing \u641c\u7d22 (1)Scoreboard, (2)Tomasulo, (3)Tomasulo w speculation, \u53bb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5357\u5927\u540c\u5b66\u5199\u7684\u77e5\u4e4e\u5e16\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u770b\u8fd9\u5957\u5e16\u5b50\u770b\u61c2\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u6709 lab \u91cc\u8fd9\u5757\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\u8bf7\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8d44\u6599\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e ISSUE \u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f - Scoreboard: \u9700\u8981\u7684 Function Unit \u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5199\u7684 Reg State \u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd8\u51c6\u5907\u5199\uff08\u907f\u514d WAW\uff09\u65f6\u3002 - Tomasulo: Reservation Station \u6709\u7a7a\u65f6\u3002 - Tomasulo w ROB (\u5373 w speculation): Reservation Station \u548c ROB \u90fd\u7a7a\u65f6\u3002
Warning
\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0 Tomasulo w ROB \u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ddf\u6211\u8003\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u672b\u9898\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7b49\u540e\u4eba\u6765\u4e3a\u6211\u6307\u51fa
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/#branch-prediction","title":"Branch prediction","text":"\u56de\u5fc6 control hazard\uff0c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf CPU \u9047\u5230\u8df3\u8f6c\u8bed\u53e5\u5982\u679c\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8ba9 CPU \u968f\u4fbf\u5148\u731c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u53d1\u73b0\u731c\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u518d\u6390\u6389\uff0c\u731c\u5bf9\u4e86\u90a3\u5c31\u8282\u7ea6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\u3002
\u731c\u7684\u6839\u636e\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08branch taken\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08branch not taken\uff09\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u5360\u5230 90% \u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u4e4b\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u8df3\u8f6c\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u8df3\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e5f\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u8df3\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u7f16\u7801 00(\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8df3) 01(\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u5427) 10(\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u8df3\u5427) 11(\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8df3)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5728 00 \u548c 01 \u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4e5f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5728 10 \u548c 11 \u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u8df3\u8f6c\u3002
\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1a
Note
\u6211\u77e5\u9053 mkdocs \u5e94\u8be5\u6e32\u4e0d\u4e86 mermaid\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u61d2\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u8111\u6e32\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u3002\u6216\u8005\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u8001\u5e08 ppt\u3002\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ea2\u7ea2\u84dd\u84dd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a
graph LR\n00 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 00\n00 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 01\n01 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 00\n01 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 10\n10 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 01\n10 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 11\n11 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 10\n11 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 11\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u9898\u4f1a\u8003\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684 branch prediction\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap5/","title":"chap5: Thread-level Parallelism","text":""},{"location":"CS/CA/chap5/#_1","title":"\u76ee\u5f55","text":"\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed
Note
\u8ba1\u7ec4\u738b\u9053\u6709\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u738b\u9053\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u59dc\u8001\u5e08 ppt \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002
\u6982\u5ff5 \u5168\u540d \u7279\u70b9 \u4f18\u70b9 UMA uniform memory access \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230 memory \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4 NUMA non-uniform memory access \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230 memory \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5feb\uff0c\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6162 \u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5f3acache \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u672f\u8bed
\u5982\u679c CPU \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6838\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c CPU \u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a cache\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f cache \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u5199\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3002
\u672f\u8bed \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5728 ppt \u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u592a\u51c6\u786e\uff09 \u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u662f\uff08\u8fd9\u680f from \u8bfe\u672c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09 coherence Memory accesses executed by each processor were kept in order. reads and writes to the same location consistency Memory accesses among different processors were interleaved. reads and writes wrt other memory locations"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap5/#cache_1","title":"\u8fbe\u6210 cache \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae","text":"Note
\u806a\u660e\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u60f3\u5199\u4e86
Snooping\u534f\u8bae
Note
\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u73ed\u8001\u5e08 ppt \u5b66\u4e60\uff1aMOESI \u72b6\u6001\u673a + \u4f8b\u9898\u8868\u683c \u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe
Directory\u534f\u8bae
Note
\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u73ed\u8001\u5e08 ppt \u5b66\u4e60: \u4f8b\u9898\u8868\u683c \u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/","title":"Courses \u542c\u8bfe","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#cs106bcs106l","title":"\u5173\u4e8eCS106B\u548cCS106L","text":"CS106B\u504f\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eZJU\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784+C++\u7684STL\u7528\u6cd5\u4e00\u5757\u8bb2\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u518d\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9bFDS\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 CS106L\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2C++\u8fdb\u9636\u7279\u6027\u7684\u3002
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u542cCS106B\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7FDS\uff0cCS106B\u82b1\u4e00\u5929\u901f\u901a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u70b9\u591a\uff0c\u622a\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u56fe\u3002
CS106L\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684C++\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#zju","title":"ZJU\u8bfe\u7a0b","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_1","title":"\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599","text":"CPP Reference Standard C++ CppCon
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_2","title":"\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5fc3\u5f97","text":"\u6211\u8ddf\u7684\u662fcx\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u73ed\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6559\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u6863orz \u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u671f\u672b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u542c\u8bfe\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9aa8\u67b6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8bfe\u540e\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a\u8bfe2\u81f33\u500d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u5b66\u81ea\u5df1\u6574\u7406\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u591a\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u671f\u672b\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u70b9\u60e8orz\uff08\u50cf\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff09
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_3","title":"\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u56db\u5927\u7279\u6027","text":"class Name\n{\n public:\n public_data;\n public_functions;\n protected:\n protected_data;\n protected_functions;\n private:\n private_data;\n private_functions;\n}\n\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b \u7c7b\u540d::\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff09 { // \u51fd\u6570\u4f53 }
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_9","title":"\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5916\u8054\u51fd\u6570","text":"\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u96c6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u770b\u4f5c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_11","title":"\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d.\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u540d\uff08\u662f \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d.\u7c7b\u540d::\u6210\u5458\u540d \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09 \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d.\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff09
class Sample\n{\npublic:\nint k;\nint geti(){return i;}\nint getj(){return j;}\nint getk(){return k;}\nprivate:\nint i;\nprotected:\nint j;\n};\nint main()\n{\nSample a;\na.i; // \u975e\u6cd5\na.j: // \u975e\u6cd5\na.k; // \u5408\u6cd5\n}\n\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4e0d\u662fvoid\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u7c7b\u540d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#namespace","title":"Namespace","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#namespace_1","title":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fnamespace\uff1f","text":"\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u8d77\u51b2\u7a81\u3002 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
namespace myown1\n{\nstring user_name = \"myown1\";\n}\nnamespace myown2\n{\nstring user_name = \"myown2\";\n}\nint main()\n{\n// using namespace myown1; \ncout << \"\\\\n\" << \"Hello, \"\n<< myown1::user_name\n<< \"...and goodbye!\\\\n\"\ncout << \"\\\\n\" << \"Hello, \"\n<< myown2::user_name\n<< \"...and goodbye!\\\\n\"\nreturn 0;\n}\n\u5173\u952e\u8bcdusing\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5f53\u524d\u7684namespace\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_15","title":"\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b","text":"\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u9664\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5305\u62ec\uff1a - \u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458 - \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6210\u5458
\u4ece\u5df2\u6709\u7c7b\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u65b0\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a - \u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458 - \u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 - \u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 - \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5c5e\u6027
\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u683c\u5f0f
class \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u540d:\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f \u57fa\u7c7b\u540d\n{\n// \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u548c\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\n};\n\u4e09\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f
class employee: public person\n{};\n// default\nclass employee: private person\n{};\nclass employee: protected person\n{};\n\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027
\u5728\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027 \u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f \u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027 \u89e3\u91ca private public inaccessible \u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2dprivate\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee private private inaccessible private protected inaccessible public public public \u57fa\u7c7b\u4e0d\u7ba1 public private private public protected protected protected public protected \u6743\u9650\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f29\u5c0f\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u653e\u5927 protected private private protected protected protected\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219 - \u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u7531\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 - \u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u4ece\u57fa\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458 private\u6210\u5458 public\u6210\u5458 protected\u6210\u5458 \u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u4e3e\u4f8b
class Point\n{\npublic:\nvoid InitP(float x = 0, float y = 0)\n{\nthis->X = x;\nthis->Y = y;\n}\nvoid Move(float offX, float offY)\n{\nX += offX;\nY += offY;\n}\nfloat GetX() const{return X;}\nfloat GetY() const{return Y;}\nprivate:\nfloat X, Y;\n};\nclass Rectangle: private Point // \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\n{\npublic: //\u65b0\u589e\u5916\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\nvoid InitR(float x, float y, float w, float h)\n{\nInitR(x, y);\nW = w;\nH = h;\n} // \nvoid Move(float xOff, float yOff)\n{\nPoint::\n}\n}\n\u9762\u5411\u671f\u672b\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u805a\u7c7b
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_1","title":"\u6784\u9020\u987a\u5e8f","text":"\uff081\uff09main\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61 \uff082\uff09main\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61 \uff083\uff09\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020 \uff084\uff09\u5b50\u7c7b\u7c7b\u6210\u5458 \uff085\uff09\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020 \u6790\u6784\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u53cd
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_2","title":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1f","text":"\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 \u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u751f\u6210 \u9700\u8981\u7528\u624d\u751f\u6210
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_3","title":"\u91cd\u8f7d\u89c4\u5219","text":"\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u6709\uff1a - \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26:: - \u6761\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26?:\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u95ee\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1f\uff09 - \u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3001\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u6307\u9488 - \u9884\u5904\u7406\u7b26\u53f7#
\u53ea\u80fd\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53cb\u5143\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff1a - <<\u548c>> \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0clhs\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6210\u5458\u81ea\u8eab
\u4f46\u662f\u6d41\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5de6\u8fb9\u662fcin\u6216cout\uff0c\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53cb\u5143\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u591a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u505alhs
\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u91cd\u5199\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u6001\uff1a \u91cd\u8f7d\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001 \u91cd\u5199\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001
static\u548cvirtual\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a
\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u53c2\u6570
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_4","title":"\u5b50\u7c7b\u548c\u7236\u7c7b\u6307\u9488","text":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\uff08const &\uff09\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aconst\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c3d\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aconst\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff1a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61 \u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u9012\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6
\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u503c\u800c\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 \u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u503c \u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5c0f\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff09 \u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012 \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012 \u6570\u7ec4 \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012 \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012 \u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff09 \u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528 \u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528 \u7c7b/\u5bf9\u8c61 \u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012 \u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5f15\u7528\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f15\u7528\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u58f0\u660e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002
Copy constructor must pass its first argument by reference
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_6","title":"\u7c7b\u5185\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316","text":"const static\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u975econst static\u6210\u5458\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316A::n\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528n()\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5e26\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316A::n(9)
static\u548cconst - \u6ca1\u6709static\u5c31\u662fconst\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5
const\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f
const int& fun(int& a); // \u4fee\u9970\u8fd4\u56de\u503c \nint& fun(const int& a); // \u4fee\u9970\u5f62\u53c2 \nint& fun(int& a) const {} // const\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\nconst\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u662f\u4fee\u9970\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u5b9a\u52a0\u4e0aconst\uff09
const\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u4f20\u7b7e\u540d\u540e\u5e26const\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u8981\u628athis\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u6210const
\u600e\u6837\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d - \u4e0d\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684
const int& fun(int& a); // \u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8 \nint& fun(const int a); // \u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u503c\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u4e0d\u662fconst\u7684\u4e5f\u80fdtype conversion\n int& fun(const int& a); // \u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u7684const\uff0c\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u53d8\u4e86 \nint& fun(int& a) const {} // \u56e0\u4e3a\u9690\u542b\u53c2\u6570this\u7684const\u4e0e\u5426\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u53d8\u4e86\n\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u628a\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u66ff\u6362\u6210inline function\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 \u6bd4\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0d\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u6808\u51fa\u6808 \u6bd4\u5b8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u80fd\u5199\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458 inline\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u524d\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u7528\u3002 \u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u00a0Static\u00a0Binding \u3002\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u786e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a \u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u53eb\u65e9\u7ed1\u5b9a \u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9aDynamic\u00a0Binding \u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u5230\u5e95\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a \u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u53eb\u665a\u7ed1\u5b9a \u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u00a0virtual\u00a0\u65e6\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a
static binding \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6
class Animal { public: void eat() { cout << \"Animal eats\" << endl; } }; class Dog : public Animal { public: void eat() { cout << \"Dog eats\" << endl; } };\ndynamic binding \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6
class Animal { public: virtual void eat() { cout << \"Animal eats\" << endl; } }; class Dog : public Animal { public: void eat() { cout << \"Dog eats\" << endl; } };\n\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff1a - \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728main()\u4e24\u6570\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61 \u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6784\u9020\u4e24\u6570\u6309\u7167\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002 - \u5bf9\u4e8e static\u00a0local\u00a0variables\uff0c\u00a0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u5019. - \u5bf9\u4e8e automatic\u00a0storage\u00a0duration\u00a0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u58f0\u660e\u88ab\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002 - \u5bf9\u4e8e dynamic\u00a0storage\u00a0duration\u00a0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u7528\u00a0new\u00a0\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_7","title":"\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488","text":"std::unique_ptr<T> //\u72ec\u5360\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002 \nstd::shared_ptr<T> //\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002 \nstd::weak_ptr<T> //\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u548cstd::shared_ptr \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\n\u4f7f\u7528\u88f8\u6307\u9488 \u6240\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u548c\u865a\u8868\u65e0\u5173\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5173\u5417 \u662f\u7684 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u8fdb\u865a\u8868 \u2192 upcasting\u7684\u65f6\u5019
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#upcasting","title":"upcasting","text":"\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7c7b\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8303\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002
\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u7684\u5199\u6cd5
template<typename T>\nclass Container{\nT *data;\nunsigned size, capa;\npiblic:\nContainer(unsigned capa = 512): data(new T[capa]){}\n~Container() {delete[] data;}\nT& operator[](unsigned index) {return data[index];}\n}\n\u8fd9\u91cctemplate T\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u662fT\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u90e8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cfT\u3002
\u7279\u5316\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u677f\u751f\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b
Container<int> ci;\nContainer<double> cd;\n\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u5199
template<typename T>\nT abs(T x) {return x>0?x:-x;}\n\u6a21\u677f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u600e\u4e48\u5199
template<typename T>\nclass Container {\nT* data;\nunsigned size = 0, capa;\npublic: Container(unsigned capa = 512) : data(new T[capa]), capa(capa){}\n~Container(){delete[] data;}\nT& operator[](unsigned index) {return data[index];}\nconst T& operator[](unsigned idnex) const {return data[index];}\nunsigned getSize() const {return size;}\nunsigned getCapa() const {return capa;}\nContainer &add(T val){\ndata[size++] = val;\nreturn *this;\n}\n};\ntemplate<typename T>\nostream & operator<<(ostream& os, const Container<T>&c){\nfor (unsigned i = 0; i < c.getSize(); i++){\nos << c[i] << ' ';\nreturn os;\n}\n}\n7 \u6a21\u677f (I) - \u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e STL \u4f7f\u7528 - \u54b8\u9c7c\u6684\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#template","title":"\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f templateC++11\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027 \u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6cdb\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a0\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002
\u8bed\u6cd5
template <class ...T> // \u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b0\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f\nvoid f(T... args); // \u5728\u6a21\u677f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53c2\u6570\n\u6700\u5927\u7684\u96be\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u5f00\u53ef\u53d8\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570
\u6253\u5370\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\uff1a
template<class ...T>\nvoid f(T... args)\n{\n cout << sizeof...(args) << endl;\n}\n\nf();\nf(1, 2);\nf(1, 2.5, \"\");\n\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\nvoid print(){\n cout << \"empty\" << endl;\n}\n\n// \u5c55\u5f00\u51fd\u6570\ntemplate<class T, class ...Args>\nvoid print(T head, Args... rest){\n cout << \"parameter\" << head << endl;\n print(rest...);\n}\n\nint main(){\n print(1, 2, 3, 4);\n return 0;\n}\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7a7a\u65f6\u8f93\u51faempty\u3002\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5305Args\u2026\u5728\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8c03\u7528\u975e\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570print()\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210
template<class T>\nvoid print(T t){\n cout << t << endl;\n}\n\u53ef\u53d8\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u6c42\u548c
template<typename T>\nT sum(T t){\n return t;\n}\ntemplate<typename T, typename ... Types>\nT sum(T first, Types ...rest){\n return first + sum<T> (rest...);\n}\n\nsum(1, 2, 3, 4);\n\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u70b9\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\uff08\u540c\u540d\uff09\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u3002
\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u9017\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684print\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199
template<class T>\nvoid printarg(T t){\n cout << t << endl;\n}\n\ntemplate <class ...Args>\nvoid expand(Args... args){\n int arr[] = {(printarg(args), 0)...};\n}\n\nexpand(1, 2, 3, 4);\narr\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u662f\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305
\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f
template<class F, class... Args> void expand(const F& f, Args&&...args){\ninitializer_list<int>{(f(std::forward< Args>(args)), 0)};\n}\nexpand([](int i){cout << i << endl;}, 1,2,3);\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982std::tuple
template<class... Types>\nclass tuple;\n\u6a21\u677f\u504f\u7279\u5316\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305
\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u504f\u7279\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b
// \u524d\u5411\u58f0\u660e\ntemplate<typename... Args>\nstruct Sum;\n\n// \u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\ntemplate<typename First, typename... Rest>\nstruct Sum<First, Rest...>{\n enum { value = Sum<First>::value + Sum<Rest...>::value };\n}\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\ntemplate<typename Last>\nstruct Sum<Last>{\n enum { value = sizeof(Last) };\n}\nSTL\u516d\u5927\u90e8\u4ef6\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\uff08containers\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08allocators\uff09\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08algorithm\uff09\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff08iterator\uff09\uff0c\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08adapters\uff09\uff0c\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\uff08functors\uff09
","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#_1","title":"\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bb9\u5668","text":"vector, deque, list, set/multiset, map/multimap \u7b49
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#1-vector","title":"1. Vector","text":"Vector\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nvector<int> name;\nvector<double> name;\nvector<char> name;\nvector<struct node> name;\n// \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0carray\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0cvector\u5feb\u4e00\u4e9b\nvector< vector<int> > name; // > >\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u52a0\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u65b0\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u4e86\nvector<int> array[SIZE]; // \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4e14\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709std::array\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f
// 1. \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\n#include<iostream>\n#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\nvector<int> vi;\nvi.push_back(1);\ncout<<vi[0]<<endl;\nreturn 0;\n}\n// 2. \u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\nvector<int>::iterator\nvector<double>::iterator\n// \u4f8b\n#include<iostream>\n#include<vector>\nint main()\n{\nvector<int> v;\nfor(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)\n{\nv.push_back(i); }\nvector<int>::iterator it=v.begin();\nfor(int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)\n{\ncout << it[i] << \" \";\n// \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 cout << * (it + i) << \" \";\n}\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u6216\u8005\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\n// \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 it < v.end()\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5199!=\nfor (vector<int>::iterator it=v.begin(); it!=v.end();it++)\n{\ncout << *it << \" \";\n}\npush_back(item) // \u5728vector\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\npop_back(item) // \u5728vector\u540e\u9762\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nsize(vector) // \u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(1)\nclear(vector) // \u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(N)\ninsert(position, x) // \u5728position\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2ax\n// \u4f8b\nv.insert(v.begin()+2, -1); // \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728v[2]\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a-1\nerase(position);\nerase(positionBegin, positionEnd); // \u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\n\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5143\u7d20\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668
#include<set>\nusing namespace std;\nset<int> name;\nset<double> name;\nset<char> name;\nset<struct node> name;\nset<set<int> > name;\nset<int>::iterator it;\nset<char>::iterator it;\nst.insert(X);\nst.find(X); // \u8fd4\u56deset\u4e2dvalue\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fvalue\u7684\u6307\u9488\n// \u4f8b\nset<int>::iterator it = st.find(2);\ncout << *it << endl;\n// \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\ncout << *(st.find(2)) << endl;\nst.erase(it); // \u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(1)\nst.erase(X); // \u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(N)\nst.erase(itBegin, itEnd);\nst.size();\ndeque\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u6bb5\u5b9a\u91cf\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8981\u5728deque\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u548c\u5c3e\u7aef\u589e\u52a0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4fbf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e32\u5728\u6574\u4e2adeque\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8.
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#4-list","title":"4. list","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#5-mapunordered_map","title":"5. map/unordered_map","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#6-string","title":"6. string","text":"// init\n#include<string>\nstring str;\nstring str = \"Hello\";\ncin >> str;\ncout << str;\n// assignment\nchar cstr1[20];\nchar cstr2[20] = \"jaguar\";\nstring str1;\nstring str2 = \"panther\";\ncstr1 = cstr2; // illegal\nstr1 = str2; // legal\n// concatenation\nstring str3;\nstr3 = str1 + str2;\nstr1 += str2;\nstr1 += \"a string literal\";\n// constructors (Ctors)\nstring (const char *cp, int len);\nstring (const string& s2, int pos);\nstring (const string& s2, int pos, int len);\n// sub-string\nsubstr (int pos, int len);\n// modification\nassign (...);\ninsert (...);\ninsert (int pos, const string& s);\nerase (...);\nappend (...);\nreplace (...);\nreplace (int pos, int len, const string& s);\n...\n// search\nfind (const string& s);\n// File I/O\n#include <ifstream> // read from file\n#include <ofstream> // write to file\n// write into file\nofstream File1(\"...\");\nFile1 << \"Hello world\" << std::enl;\n// read from file\nifstream File2(\"...\");\nstd::string str;\nFile2 >> str;\n\u7b97\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u7531<algorithm> <numeric> <functional>\u7ec4\u6210 <algorithm>\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a <numeric>\u4f53\u79ef\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u4e2a\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570 <functional>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61
\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u540d\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u5e38\u91cf\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002
#include<iostream> #include<vector> using namespace std; int main() { vector<int> v; for (int n = 0; n < 5; ++n) v.push_back(n); vector<int>::iterator i; for (i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++) { cout << *i << \" \"; // *i \u662f i \u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20 *i *= 2; \n} }\nSTL\u662f\u8303\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u542b\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\uff08container\uff09\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff08iterator\uff09\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08algorithm\uff09\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08function object\uff09\u3002\u7c7b\u5e93\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93\u3002
","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#c","title":"C++\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93","text":"using namespace std;
\u5bb9\u5668\uff08container\uff09\u7c7b\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5bb9\u7eb3\u3001\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u3002STL\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982
\u5b9a\u4e49
vector<int> iv;\nvector<int> cv(5);\nvector<int> cv(5, 'x');\nvector<int> iv2(iv);\n\u4f7f\u7528
#include<iostream>\n#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\nvector<char> v; // create zero-len vector\nint i;\n// put values into a vector\nfor (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\nv.push_back('A' + i);\n// can access vector contents using subsripting\nfor (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\ncout << v[i] << \" \";\ncout << endl;\n// access via iterator\nvector<char>::iterator p = v.begin();\nwhile(p != v.end())\n{\ncout << *p << \" \";\np++;\n}\nreturn 0;\n}\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u8868\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002list\u7c7b\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
// sort a list\n#include<iostream>\n#include<list>\n#include<cstdlib>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\nint i;\nlist<char> lst;\n// create a list of random characters\nfor (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\nlist.push_back('A' + (rand()%26));\n}\n#include<set>\n#include<iostream>\n#include<string>\nint main()\n{\nstd::set<std::string> source;\nstd::string input;\nfor(int i=0;i<6;i++)\n{\nstd::cin>>input;\nsource.insert(input);\n}\nstd::set<std::string>::iterator at = source.begin();\nwhile(at != source.end())\nstd::cour << * at++ << std::endl;\n}\n#include<algorithm>\n#include<iostream>\n#include<string>\n#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nvoid load(vector<string>&);\nvoid print(vector<string>);\nconst int SIZE = 8;\nint main()\n{\nvector<string> v(SIZE);\nload(v);\nsort(v.begin(), v.end()); // \u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8d77\u6b62\u4f4d\u7f6e\nprint(v);\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u6bcd\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\n\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002
#include<list>\n#include<iostream>\nint main()\n{\nusing namespace std;\nlist<int> c1;\nlist<int>::iterator c1_Iter;\nlist<int>::reverse_iterator c1_rIter;\nc1_rIter = c1.rbegin(); // the last element\n}\nhttps://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/344558356 LJJ PPT
","text":""},{"location":"CS/OS/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u6211\u89c9\u5f97 x+i for i in [x, y, g] \u4e09\u4f4d\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7406\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211 root \u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u6307\u5411\u7684 xy \u7b14\u8bb0\u627e\u5230\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u4efd\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002
\u6211\u4ecd\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u89c9\u5f97\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u5199\u5f97\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u6210\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u5927\u5757\u6765\u5199\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u50cf\u5728\u5403\u4e00\u76d8\u94a2\u4e1d\u7403\u7092\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u8bf4\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u597d\u7684/\u6211\u8981\u505a\u7684/linux\u4f1a\u505a\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u3002
\u6211\u7684\u9884\u671f\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4efd\u7b14\u8bb0\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba+\u64cd\u4f5c+\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u5143\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u771f\u7684\u592a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e86\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u53ea\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u53bb\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u5f97\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u7684\u8865\u5145\u6765\u770b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u80fd\u5199\u5b8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4efd\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u7740\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u6574\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bf7\u70b9\u8fdb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a lab \u9875\u9762\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/","title":"OS lab","text":"\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u5148\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b\u7528\u5230\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c mac \u4e0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u624b\u518c\u8bb2 mac \u4e0d\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6328\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6211\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7cbe\u529b\u80fd\u652f\u6491\u5199\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8865\u5145\u4e24\u4e2a\u6211\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u603b\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4f46\u624b\u518c\u6ca1\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u81ea\u77e5\u5b66\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u4f1a\u6807\u51fa\u6765\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#overview","title":"overview","text":"Warning
\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe TODO
\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u540e\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684 lab \u7ed3\u6784\u56fe:
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_1","title":"\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6","text":"\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#os","title":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7535\u5230OS\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b","text":"\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u505a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a
Hardware RISC-V M Mode RISC-V S Mode \n+------------+ +--------------+ +----------+\n| Power On | ----> | Bootloader | ----> | Kernel |\n+------------+ +--------------+ +----------+\n\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff1asbi (supervisor binary interface)\u662f s-mode \u7684 kernel \u548c m-mode \u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303
opensbi\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ariscv sbi\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u610f\u601d\u662fopensbi\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9m-mode\u4e0b\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5728s-mode\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u786c\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u6211\u4eecopensbi\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3abootloader\u5b8c\u6210\u673a\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65f6m-mode\u4e0b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528opensbi\u5b8c\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u6253\u5370\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
qemu\u4f1a\u628aopensbi\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u52a0\u8f7d\u52300x80000000\u5904.
opensbi\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4f1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u52300x80200000\u5904\uff0c\u5373kernel\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u57280x80200000\u5904\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_2","title":"\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f","text":"riscv\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1aUser, Supervisor, & Machine\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u8981\u5728 s-mode \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6162\u6162\u5b9e\u73b0 u-mode\u3002
Level Encoding Name Abbreviation \u4ecb\u7ecd 0 00 User/Application U \u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6743\u9650 1 01 Supervisor S \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001Kernel\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u5411\u5185\u6838\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406 2 10 Reserved 3 11 Machine M \u7528\u6237\u6001\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u822c\u6bcf\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709
supported modes intended usage M simple embedded systems M, U secure embedded systems M, S, U systems running unix-like operating systems"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_3","title":"\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e","text":""},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#docker","title":"Docker","text":"\u5728\u5b98\u7f51\u5b89\u88c5Docker\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u6253\u5f00Docker app\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5728terminal\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528docker\u547d\u4ee4\u3002
$ sudo hdiutil attach Docker.dmg\n$ sudo /Volumes/Docker/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS/install\n$ sudo hdiutil detach /Volumes/Docker\n\u521b\u5efa\u5bb9\u5668
docker pull ubuntu:22.04\ndocker run -it --name my_linux ubuntu:22.04 bash\n\u51fa\u73b0root@xxxxxxx:?# \u5373\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dxxxxxxx\u4e00\u4e32\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5bb9\u5668\u7684id\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5id\u8fdb\u5165\u76f8\u540c\u5bb9\u5668\u3002
\u5b89\u88c5\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff0cqemu\uff0cgdb\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b65\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u7740\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u622a\u56fe\u7565\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#docker_1","title":"\u806a\u660e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528docker","text":"\u8fd8\u662f\u6700\u597d\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e0b vscode \u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u3002\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
ps a \u548c kill qemu \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u7b28\u86cb\u6211\u6309\u7167\u540e\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u4e86\u597d\u4e45\u3002Warning
TODO \u8fd9\u5757\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u6269\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684
bash [shell file].sh \u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u3002riscv-gnu-toolchain \u3002\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9876\u5c42 makefile \u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u597d\u4e86\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a terminal \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 make debug\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u65b0\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a terminal \u8f93\u5165 gdb-multiarch path/to/vmlinux \u5176\u4e2d vmlinux \u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
gdb \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5/\u7a8d\u95e8
\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f
\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u521a\u4e0a\u624b\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u540e\u6765\u6211\u9010\u6e10\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5148\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u518d\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u56de\u53bb\u518d\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u904d lab \u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8d77\u7801\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66b4\u8bba\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf4\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u957f\u5927\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u957f\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u54ea\u91cc\u7406\u8bba\u6ca1\u5543\u900f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u52a8\u7b14\u4e86\u3002
\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5148\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u65ad\u70b9\u6253\u5728\u731c\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u518d\u9010 c \u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a c \u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u518d\u9010\u6c47\u7f16\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u627e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u6253\u5370\u6253\u5370\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#gdb","title":"\u806a\u660e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 gdb","text":"gdb \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c ui \u7f3a\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684 ui \u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u8d34\u4e00\u4e9b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u5e16\u5b50\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u8431\u8431\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a gdbpeda\u3002
\u63a8\u8350\u51e0\u4e2a\u597d\u7528\u7684GDB\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u63d2\u4ef6
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab0","title":"lab0","text":"\u6ca1\u96be\u5ea6\u4e0d\u7528\u8bb2
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab1","title":"lab1","text":""},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#c-risc-v","title":"C & RISC-V \u5185\u8054\u6c47\u7f16","text":"Note
\u8fd9\u5757\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9 lab1 \u6587\u6863\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6574\u7406\u5f97\u6bd4\u539f\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002
__asm__ volatile (\n\"instruction1\\n\"\n\"instruction2\\n\"\n......\n......\n\"instruction3\\n\"\n: [out1] \"=r\" (v1),[out2] \"=r\" (v2)\n: [in1] \"r\" (v1), [in2] \"r\" (v2)\n: \"memory\"\n);\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u00a0:\u00a0\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u540e\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1a
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6682\u65f6\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u6211\u4e0d\u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u8d34\u4e00\u6bb5lab1\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u6587\u7ed9\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002e.g. 1
unsigned long long s_example(unsigned long long type,unsigned long long arg0) {\nunsigned long long ret_val;\n__asm__ volatile (\n\"mv x10, %[type]\\n\"\n\"mv x11, %[arg0]\\n\"\n\"mv %[ret_val], x12\"\n: [ret_val] \"=r\" (ret_val)\n: [type] \"r\" (type), [arg0] \"r\" (arg0)\n: \"memory\"\n);\nreturn ret_val;\n}\ne.g. 1. \u4e2d\u6307\u4ee4\u90e8\u5206\uff0c%[type]\u3001%[arg0]\u4ee5\u53ca%[ret_val]\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c[type] \"r\" (type)\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5c06\u00a0()\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0type\u00a0\u653e\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff08\"r\"\u00a0\u6307\u653e\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u00a0\"m\"\u00a0\u5219\u4e3a\u653e\u5165\u5185\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u00a0[]\u00a0\u4e2d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002[ret_val] \"=r\" (ret_val)\u00a0\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u00a0%[ret_val]\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0ret_val \u4e2d\u3002
e.g. 2
#define write_csr(reg, val) ({\n__asm__ volatile (\"csrw \" #reg \", %0\" :: \"r\"(val)); })\ne.g. 2. \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0%0\u00a0\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8f93\u51fa\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u00a0val\u3002 #reg\u00a0\u662fc\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06reg\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8f\u66ff\u6362\u5e76\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u88f9\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u00a0write_csr(sstatus,val)\u00a0\u7ecf\u5b8f\u5c55\u5f00\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\uff1a
({\n__asm__ volatile (\"csrw \" \"sstatus\" \", %0\" :: \"r\"(val)); })\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0({...})\u00a0\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a GNU \u5bf9 C \u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u00a0Statements and Declarations in Expressions\u3002\u590d\u5408\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u00a0;\u3002\u8be5\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u7528\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u201d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002
Note
\u8fd9\u5757\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9 lab1 \u6587\u6863\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6574\u7406\u5f97\u6bd4\u539f\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002
`vmlinux.lds`` \u662f GNU ld\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\uff0c\u5c06 .o \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002ld\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672clinker script\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6709\u5199\uff1a
OUTPUT_ARCH( \"riscv\" )ENTRY( _start )\u5e76\u4e14head.S\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684_start\u51fd\u6570BASE_ADDR = 0x80200000;\u6211\u4eec\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e2e\u52a9\u633a\u5927\u3002
\u9996\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0ckernel \u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u662f\u5206\u6bb5(secition)\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684section\u6709\uff1a
\u6bb5\u540d \u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528 .text \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 .rodata \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5e38\u91cf\u7b49\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e .data \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf .bss \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u518d\u7ec6\u81f4\u4e00\u70b9\u53bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002
. \u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u81ea\u589e\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002* \u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f *() \u5728\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6bb5\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e *(.data .data.*)\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002_s\u00a0\u4e0e\u00a0_e\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u662f\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a9\u6559\u8001\u5e08\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff1a
nm vmlinux\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u6253\u5370 vmlinux \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u7531\u4e8b\u4ef6(event)\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6trap\uff0ctrap\u7ed9\u4e86os\u4e0e\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728boot\u9636\u6bb5opensbi\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86M\u6001\u7684trap\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662fs\u6001\u7684trap\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e0b Interrupt, Exception \u548c Trap \u7684\u533a\u522b (from riscv unprivileged spec)\uff1a
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u5219\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e0b\u8868\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u5230 trap\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e8e interrupt \u548c exception \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u3002
Interrupt Exception hardware generated software generated Asynchronous external requests (generated by e.g. keyboard or printer) synchronous internal requests for services based upon abnormal events (generated by e.g. illegal instructions, illegal address, overflow, etc.) normal events abnormal events\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a trap \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a trap = interrupt + exception\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684 trap_handler() \u65e2\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e5f\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6210 do_timer() switch_to() schedule() \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\uff1a
\u56de\u5fc6\u5185\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u56de\u5fc6\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\uff1a
\u5c0f/\u5feb <---------------> \u5927/\u6162\n[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668] - [cache] - [\u5185\u5b58] - [\u5916\u5b58]\nriscv\u670932\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 + \u5f88\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 (control and status registers (CSRs))\u3002riscv \u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6709\u4e2a\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u7528 12-bit \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5373 csr[11:0]\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5171\u652f\u6301 4096 \u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0ccsr[11:0] \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5206\u914d\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4f4d\u6570 11:10 9:8 7:4 \u957f\u5ea6 2 2 4 \u4f5c\u7528 11=read-only\uff0cother=read/write\uff1f \u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5csr\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f \u6211\u731c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2acsr\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1a
\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684abi\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u7f16\u53f7
\u800c\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b csr\u3002
sstatus (supervisor status register)
The sstatus register is an SXLEN(\u4ee3\u886832\u621664)-bit read/write register formatted as follows. \u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u662f64\u4f4d\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u75280\u62161\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u62fc\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u3002
\u4f4d\u6570 \u540d\u79f0 \u7f6e1\u8868\u793a \u7f6e0\u8868\u793a 1 SIE \u54cd\u5e94\u6240\u6709\u7684S\u6001trap \u7981\u7528\u6240\u6709S\u6001trap 5 SPIE \u5728trap\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u7684SIE=1 \u5728trap\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u7684SIE=0 8 SPP \u5f53\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u5b8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5230S-mode \u5f53\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u5b8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5230U-mode\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u4f4d\u6709
sie (supervisor interrupt enable register)
\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86sstatus[SIE]\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6839\u636esie\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5904\u7406interrupt
Bits sip.SEIP and sie.SEIE are the interrupt-pending and interrupt-enable bits for supervisor- level external interrupts. If implemented, SEIP is read-only in sip, and is set and cleared by the execution environment, typically through a platform-specific interrupt controller. Bits sip.STIP and sie.STIE are the interrupt-pending and interrupt-enable bits for supervisor- level timer interrupts. If implemented, STIP is read-only in sip, and is set and cleared by the execution environment. Bits sip.SSIP and sie.SSIE are the interrupt-pending and interrupt-enable bits for supervisor- level software interrupts. If implemented, SSIP is writable in sip and may also be set to 1 by a platform-specific interrupt controller.
stvec (supervisor trap vector base address register)
\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u57fa\u5740.
WARL\u662f\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5730\u5740
MODE\u662f
Value mode \u63cf\u8ff0 0 Direct \u6a21\u5f0f \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u5176\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u5165\u53e3\u51fd\u6570 \uff08 \u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f \uff09 1 Vectored\u6a21\u5f0f \u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\uff0c \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f \u22652 \u4fdd\u7559sscratch (supervisor scratch register)
Typically, sscratch is used to hold a pointer to the hart-local supervisor context while the hart is executing user mode. At the beginning of a trap handler, sscratch is swapped with a user register to provide an initial working register.
\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62ffsscratch\u8bb0\u5f55s-mode\u7684stack pointer\uff0c\u5728trap\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0eu-mode stack pointer\u4ea4\u6362\uff08\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u6765\u7740\u5fd8\u4e86TODO\u4e00\u4f1a\u6838\u5b9e\uff09
sepc (supervisor exception program counter)
\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55 trap \u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3002
scause (supervisor cause register)
\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55 trap \u53d1\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5 trap \u662f\u00a0Interrupt\u00a0\u8fd8\u662f\u00a0Exception\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a
stval (supervisor trap value register)
The stval register can optionally also be used to return the faulting instruction bits on an illegal instruction exception (sepc points to the faulting instruction in memory). If stval is written with a nonzero value when an illegal-instruction exception occurs, then stval will contain the shortest of:
\u0088 the actual faulting instruction \u0088 the first ILEN bits of the faulting instruction \u0088 the first SXLEN bits of the faulting instruction
The value loaded into stval on an illegal-instruction exception is right-justified and all unused upper bits are cleared to zero.
satp (supervisor address translation and protection register)
\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002MODE\u4f4d=8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Sv39\u6a21\u5f0f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\uff08\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u65f6\u949f\u4e2d\u65ad\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1a
mtime
\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u9891\u7387\u81ea\u589e\uff08\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u5728\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cc\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\uff09
mtimecmp\uff08machine timer register\uff09
\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u65f6\u949f\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u70b9
mcounteren\uff08counter enable register\uff09
\uff08\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\uff09mtime\u672c\u6765\u662fm\u6001\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5728s\u6001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662fopensbi\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199m\u6001
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_6","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"\u64cd\u4f5ccsr\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684riscv\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6 TODO\u5f85\u6574\u7406
func scr rs1 rd\u5316\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u627e\u6765\u6e90\u7684 CSDN \u5e16\u5b50\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a
\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b trap \u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 task_struct \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u8bfe\u4e0a\u8bb2\u7684 PCB (\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8be5\u53eb TCB\uff1f)\u3002\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u9010\u4e2a lab \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a
Warning
TODO \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u603b\u5171\u662f\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u3002
\u5185\u6838\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668 \u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668 0xc000 0000 \u7528\u6237\u6808 \u2190 sp 0x4000 0000 \u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u57df \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5806\uff08\u7531malloc\u521b\u5efa\uff09 \u2190 brk \u8bfb\u5199\u6bb5 .data .bss \u4ece\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d \u53ea\u8bfb\u6bb5 .init .text .rodata \u4ece\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d 0x0804 8000 \u672a\u7528\u7684 \u4ece\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab3","title":"lab3","text":"\u5230\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u542f\u52a8\u5230\u5f00\u542f\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94 head.S \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u4e00\u5806\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\uff09\uff1a
lab2\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u8fd0\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5185\u8bad\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u9694\u79bb\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9ad8\u6548\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u865a\u5730\u53bb\u8bb2\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u622a\u56fe\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1a
\u4f4e\u5730\u5740<- ->\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\n\nstart_address end_address\n 0x0 0x3fffffffff\n \u2502 \u2502\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n\u2193 256G \u2193 \n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502 User Space \u2502 ... \u2502 Kernel Space \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u2191 256G \u2191\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502 \n \u2502 \u2502\n 0xffffffc000000000 0xffffffffffffffff\n start_address end_address\n\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u641e\u660e\u767d\uff1a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u8f9f\u8fc7\uff0c\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f00\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c alloc \u7684 page\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f00\u5728 kernel \u7684\u6808\u6216\u8005\u5806\u4e0a\uff08.data\u548c.bss\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u67e5\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u800c\u5404\u79cd csr \u5728 cpu \u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u542f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u653e\u5728\u9875\u8868\u91cc\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#sv39","title":"Sv39 \u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879","text":"\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u9875\u8868\u9879\uff08pte\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff1a
create_mapping() \u51fd\u6570\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6309\u4e8c\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\uff08\u5373\u6839\u9875\u8868\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\uff09\u2192\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u2192\u7269\u7406\u9875\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u9875\u8868\u9879\u7684V bit\u770b\u9875\u8868\u9879\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u7528kalloc() \u5206\u914d\u4e00\u9875\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9875\u8868\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u5728\u9875\u8868\u9879\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002
pte : [ PPN2: 53-28 ][ PPN1: 27-19 ][ PPN0: 18-10 ][ perm: 9-0 ]
vm_addr: [ VPN2: 38-30 ][ VPN1: 29-21 ][ VPN0:20-12 ][ offset: 11-0 ]
\u56e0\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a
\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u63a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a
\u9876\u5c42\u9875\u8868
now_tbl = pgtbl;now_vpn = VPN2(va);now_pte = *(now_tbl + now_vpn);\u6b21\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u76f8\u540c
\u5728 2023 \u5e74\u7248\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cvmlinux.lds \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5c06\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u90fd\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u4e5f\u5373\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u6b64\u5904\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\u5730\u5740\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728 setup_vm() \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u51cf\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u8bfb\u5230\u9875\u8868\u9879\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728 relocate: \u5904\u7406\u504f\u79fb\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\u4e86\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6 lab3 \u91cc\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f4d\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\u4f4e\u4f4d 0x0-0x4000000 \u5206\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\uff1a
PHY_START new allocated memory allocated space end PHY_END\n \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502\n \u25bc \u25bc \u25bc \u25bc\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n PA \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 uapp (copied from _sramdisk) \u2502 \u2502\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u25b2 \u25b2\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502\n \u2502 (map) \u2502\n \u2502 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u2502 \u2502\n \u2502 \u2502\n \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n VA \u2502 UAPP \u2502 \u2502u mode stack\u2502\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u25b2 \u25b2\n \u2502 \u2502\n\n USER_START USER_END\nlab3\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b \u516c\u7528\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u9875\u8868swapper_pg_dir\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u505a\uff1a
\u5177\u4f53\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u6001\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5207\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1asstatus[SUM] \u548c PTE[U]
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 sstatus[SUM]
\u9875\u8868\u9879 PTE[U]
Warning
\u60f3\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fd8\u5e72\u51c0\u4e86\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u8def\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u5f85\u6838\u5b9e
\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 csr \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
__switch_to: \u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4fdd\u5b58/\u6062\u590d\u00a0sepc sstatus sscratch\u00a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5207\u6362\u9875\u8868\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728\u5207\u6362\u4e86\u9875\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0fence.i\u00a0\u548c\u00a0vma.fence\u00a0\u6765\u5237\u65b0 TLB \u548c ICache\u3002_traps \u548c trap_handler(): \u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5728trap\u91cc\u5207\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6539trap\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728u-mode\u91cc\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5230trap\u8981\u5207\u6210s-mode\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5b8c\u518d\u5207\u56de\u6765\u3002\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u6ca1\u6709u-mode stack\uff09\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684sp\u6c38\u8fdc\u6307\u5411s-mode stack\uff0csscratch\uff08sp\uff1f\uff09\u4e3a0\u3002TODO\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a csr \u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4f1a\u8865\u7684\u3002__dummy: \u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u4e4b\u524d lab2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06 __dummy \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5199\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 sepc\uff08\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff09\u91cc\uff0c\u53c8\u5728 __dummy \u91cc\u5199\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u662f dummy() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539 __dummy \u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6240\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a user app \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7a7a\u95f4\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u770b\u6210 2^N \u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u9875\u7684\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a m \u7684\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505c\u628a\u7a7a\u95f4 /2 \u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u627e\u5230\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1m\u76842\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u5206\u7ed9 m\u3002\u5f53\u5757\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u5757\u53bb\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u8bb2\u5f97\u66f4\u597d Lab 6\uff1aRISC-V \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u7f3a\u9875\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406 - \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#elf","title":"elf \u6587\u4ef6","text":"\u4e00\u4e2a elf \u6587\u4ef6\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u88c5\u590d\u6742\u7248\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u753b\u56fe\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\uff08\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u592a\u62bd\u8c61\u4e86\uff09\uff1a
Elf_Ehdr ehdr->e_phoff\n\u2b07\ufe0f \u2b07\ufe0f\n[ [type: ???][type: LOAD][type: ???] ]\n\u5c31\u662f elf \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6563\u843d\u7740\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a LOAD \u7684\u6bb5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5934\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740 0x0\uff0cp_vaddr \u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u3002e_entry \u4e5f\u8d34\u5fc3\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u5728\u54ea\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5728 Elf64_Ehdr \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a segment\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a Elf63_phdr \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6328\u4e2a\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a LOAD \u7684 segment\u3002\u7b49\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e86\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5806\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u88ab\u641e\u5f97\u6655\u5934\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u5148\u7528 readelf -h \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b elf \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5404\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u67e5\u770b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6307\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7ed9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6574\u4e2a uapp \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5168\u90e8\u62f7\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a __dummy \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5230\u4f60\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u80fd\u8dd1\u3002\u5728\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u628a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6309\u7167\u542b\u4e49\u66ff\u6362\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u7740\u505a\u4e5f\u884c\u3002
Warning
\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6211\u5199\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u7b80\u7565\uff0c\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u900f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u73ed\u95e8\u5f04\u65a7\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u5730\u60f3\u7559\u4e2a TODO \u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8865\u5b8c\u3002
\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e lab4 \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5728 task \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528 do_mmap() \u5148\u628a task \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7b49 task \u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 page fault\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 page fault handler \u91cc\u6839\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528fork()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f220\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728sys_clone()\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684task\u961f\u5217\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab7","title":"lab7","text":"Warning
lab7 \u6211\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5360 60% \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8fd8\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u80fd\u603b\u7ed3\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e86\u3002
\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6bcf\u4e2atask\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u3002\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9996\u5148\u4fee\u6539task struct\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2atask struct\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875(struct file* \u578b)\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u3002
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982 stdout_write() \u548c stdin_read() \u7b49\u3002
\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7684 system call \u65f6\uff0ctrap_handler() \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b system call \u7684\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u53c2\u6570\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
Q1: \u8fd0\u884c\u53d1\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u8df3\u8dc3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86 set_up_vm_final()\uff0c\u53c8\u8df3\u56de set_up_vm()\uff0c\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u8fdb\u5165 gdb \u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55 branch \u6216\u8005 call \u8bed\u53e5\u6307\u5411\u8df3\u5f80\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u51fa\u73b0\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8fdb\u4e86 memset() \u6216\u8005 memcopy() \u51fd\u6570\u3002
A1: \u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u56db\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u4ee5\u5947\u602a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5916\u90e8\u9875\u8868\u65f6\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f extern unsigned long *swapper_pg_dir;\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f extern unsigned long swapper_pg_dir[512] __attribute__((__aligned__(0x1000)));\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u540c\u5b66\u6307\u51fa\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9875\u8868\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u635f\u574f\u3002\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6162\u6162\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f80 0x80000000 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5199\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 qemu \u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u662f 0x80000000 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5408\u7406\u731c\u6d4b\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f qemu \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\uff0c\u652f\u6301 qemu \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684 qemu \u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a
create_mapping() \u505a\u9875\u8868\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5bf9\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f printk(\"[function name]: map from %#llx-%#llx to %#llx-%#llx\", pa, pa+size, va, va+size);\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u68c0\u67e5\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u5740 copy \u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4e86\u3002memset() memcpy() \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5bf9\u3002\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684 prink \u53bb\u6253\u5370\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5f80\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740 0x80000000 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5199\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
Q2: \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u5361\u4f4f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5728 __dummy \u7684 sret \u540e\u5361\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002
A2: \u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u70b9\u7684 trap_handler() \u5e2e\u52a9\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u5728 lab7 \u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u91cc\u624d\u6709\u63d0\u793a\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5e94\u8be5\u65e9\u70b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a
void trap_handler(uint64 scause, uint64 sepc, struct pt_regs* regs) { // a0, a1, a2\nuint64 stval = csr_read(stval);\n// printk(\"[S] Trap @sepc = %#llx, @scause = %#llx, @stval = %#llx\\n\", sepc, scause, stval);\nint done = 0;\n/* Interrupt */\nif ((scause >> 63) && (scause & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) == 5) {\nclock_set_next_event();\nprintk(\"[S] Supervisor Timer Intterupt\\n\");\ndo_timer();\n} /* Exception */\nelse {\n/* instrution addr misaligned */\nif (scause == 0) {}\n/* Instruction access fault */\nelse if (scause == 1) {}\n/* Illegal instruction */\nelse if (scause == 2) {}\n/* breakpoint */\nelse if (scause == 3) {}\n/* load addr misaligned */\nelse if (scause == 4) {}\n/* load access fault */\nelse if (scause == 5) {}\n/* store/amo addr misaligned */\nelse if (scause == 6) {}\n/* store/amo access fault */\nelse if (scause == 7) {}\n/* ecall U-mode */\nelse if (scause == 8) {\nif (sys_call_num == SYS_WRITE) {\n// ...\n} else if (sys_call_num == SYS_GETPID) {\n// ...\n} else if (sys_call_num == SYS_CLONE) {\n// ...\n}\nregs->sepc += 4; // pc + 4\n} /* ecall S-mode */\nelse if (scause == 9) {}\n/* Instruction page fault */\n/* Load page fault */\n/* Store/amo page fault */\nelse if (scause == 12 || scause == 13 || scause == 15) {\ndone = do_page_fault(scause, regs);\n} else {\nprintk(\"[S] Unhandled exception with scause = %d, sepc = %lx\\n\", scause, sepc);\nwhile (1);\n}\n}\n// if (!done) while(1);\n}\ntrap_handler() \u505a\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6 while(1) \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5361\u4f4f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u53d1\u751f trap\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a trap \u8fd8\u6ca1\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5faa\u73af\u8f93\u51fa\u4f60\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u505c\u4f4f\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u6e05\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff08\u600e\u4e48\u6211\u8bb2\u5f97\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u5f31\u667a\uff09\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5faa\u73af trap \u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5361\u4f4f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6309\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff08\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8d77\u7801\u5e2e\u4f60\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u4e86 trap \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7eed\u601d\u8003\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002
"},{"location":"DL/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5305\u62ec\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba+\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9 - NLP\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u6ca1\u5199\u5b8c
\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0b\u9762\u653e\u4e86\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4e86
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/","title":"Explainable NLP","text":"TODO
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#survey","title":"Survey","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#a-survey-of-the-state-of-explainable-ai-for-natural-language-processing","title":"A Survey of the State of Explainable AI for Natural Language Processing","text":"This survey thoroughly explains the state of explainable NLP. The Introduction discusses two distinguishing criteria for explanability models (1) whether the explanation is for each prediction individually or the model\u2019s prediction process as a whole, and (2) determining whether generating the explanation requires post-processing or not. In Categorization of Explanations, this paper categorizes the explanation models into local (provides information or justification for the model's prediction on a specific input) vs. global (provides similar justification by revealing how the model's predictive process works, independently of any particular input), and self-explaining (also directly interpretable, generates the explanation at the same time as the prediction, e.g. decision trees, rule-based models, and feature saliency models like attention models) vs. post-hoc (an additional operation is performed after the predictions are made). This section also states that the different categories of models can overlap. In section Aspects of Explanations, this paper introduces three types of explanation techniques: (1) explainability techniques (feature importance, surrogate model, example-driven, provenance-based, declarative induction), (2) operations to enable explainability (first-derivation saliency, layer-wise relevance propagation, and input perturbations, attention, LSTM gating signals, explainability-aware architecture design) and (3) visualization techniques (saliency, raw declarative representations, natural language explanation). The section Evaluation introduces several evaluating metrices.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#opinion-papers","title":"Opinion Papers","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#climbing-towards-nlu-on-meaning-form-and-understanding-in-the-age-of-data-2020","title":"Climbing towards NLU: On Meaning, Form, and Understanding in the Age of Data (2020)","text":"This paper argues that the modern NLP models trained on form has no abilities in understanding natural languages based on both the science and philosophy theories. It is structured as follows. In section Large LMs: Hype and analysis, this paper samples example pieces from news and academic literature that exaggerate the understanding abilities in using words including \"understand\"\"comprehension\"\"recall factual knowledge\", and argues that the current LMs have the ability no other than learning the surface linguistic forms of language rather than understanding them. In section What is meaning?, this paper clarifies the meaning of language as the communicative intent that a parole intends to express, and distinguishes the concept \"meaning\" and \"truth\" as the truth is the meaning that is \"grounded\" to the real world. In section The octopus test, this paper detailedly tells a thought experiment of a super intelligent octopus who can mimic the human response by never receiving the knowledge of the grounded real world of the language meaning, by which this paper argues that it might be that how the language receiver decodes the communicative intends affects the conventional meaning of language. In section More constrained thought experiments, two more thought experiments are provided, training the JAVA and training the English LMs without providing the executing methods the communicative intends, and the paper argues that such tasks are impossible. In section Human language acquisition, this paper supports its idea by providing the example of human children's acquiring knowledge is not only grounded on the world image, but also in the interaction with other people. In section Distributional semantics, this paper argues that in NLP, two methods based on the instincts above are training distributional models on corpora augmented with perceptual data, and looking to interaction data (according to Wittgenstein's \"meaning in use\").
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#information-theory-based-compositional-distributional-semantics-2021","title":"Information Theory-based Compositional Distributional Semantics (2021)","text":"According to the abstract, the contribution of this paper can be concluded as proposing the notion of Information Theory-based Compositional Distributional Semantics (ICDS): (i) We first establish formal properties for embedding, composition, and similarity functions based on Shannon\u2019s Information Theory; (ii) we analyze the existing approaches under this prism, checking whether or not they comply with the established desirable properties; (iii) we propose two parameterizable composition and similarity functions that generalize traditional approaches while fulfilling the formal properties; and finally (iv) we perform an empirical study on several textual similarity datasets that include sentences with a high and low lexical overlap, and on the similarity between words and their description. In section Introduction, the author introduces Frege's concepts of compositionality and contextuality, which respectively refers to that \"the meaning of the whole is a function of the meaning of its parts and the syntactic way in which they are combined\", and that \"the meaning of words and utterances is determined by their context\". This section also introduces the main concern of lacking systematicity by the linguists to the NLP, where systematicity is defined as \"A system is said to exhibit systematicity if, whenever it can process a sentence, it can process systematic variants, where systematic variation is understood in terms of permuting constituents or (more strongly) substituting constituents of the same grammatical category.\" Thus, this section introduces that this paper aims to propose a novel system called Information Theory-based Compositional Distributional Semantics (ICDS). In section Related Work, the author introduces a set of properties in selective proper text representation paradigms which includes \"systematicity\", \"usage context\", \"continuity\", and \"information measurbility\", and introduces a series of previous work under this standard. In section Theoretical Framework, this paper first establishes a geometric interpretation of ICDS, that \"The direction of an embedding represents the pragmatic meaning, and the vector norm of embedding represents how much information the literal utterance provides about its meaning in the pragmatic context\", and then proposes the concept of ICDS as \"there are minimal linguistic units whose semantics are determined by their use and whose amount of information is determined by their specificity. On the other hand, the systematicity of language can be captured by compositional mechanisms while preserving the amount of information of the composite utterance\". Section Formal Definition and Properties formally defines the concepts involved in ICDS, where (\\(\\pi\\),\\(\\delta\\), \\(\\bigodot\\)) stand for \"embedding\", \"semantic similarity\", and \"composition function\" respectively. This section points out the embedding function properties (information measurability and angular isometry), composition function properties (composition neutral element, composition norm monotonicity, and sensitivity to stricture), and similarity function properties (angular distance simialrity monotonicity, orthogonal embedding similarity monotonicity, and equidistant embedding simialrity monotonicity). In section Function Analysis and Generalization, this research evaluates several current embedding vector with the proposed framework, while in section Experiment, the semantic representation abilities of several prevailing LLMs including BERT and GPT are evaluated.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#contrastive-explanations-for-model-interpretability-2021","title":"Contrastive Explanations for Model Interpretability (2021)","text":"This paper proposes a data augmentation method to generate counterexample on the bases of NLI datasets, and proves that by training on patterns \"why A rather than B\" with contrastive learning methods, the model performs better than the previous NLI baselines.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#using-counterfactual-contrast-to-improve-compositional-generalization-for-multi-step-quantitative-reasoning-2023","title":"Using counterfactual contrast to improve compositional generalization for multi-step quantitative reasoning (2023)","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/","title":"Math Word Problems","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#an-introduction-to-math-word-problems","title":"An Introduction to Math Word Problems","text":"The math word problem (MWP) aims to solve simple primary school math problems (in plain-text format) with deep learning methods. The problems usually consists of numbers no larger than 100 and only 5 operators (+, -, *, / and =). This blog is structured as follows. The Dataset part will introduce two main types, one indicating the locations of variables, and the other simply embedding the math formula within the natural language texts. The Methods parts will introduce several prevailing methods in solving this task, including both the models and workflows that improves the accuracy of models.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#surveys","title":"Surveys","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#the-gap-of-semantic-parsing-a-survey-on-automatic-math-word-problem-solvers-2019","title":"The Gap of Semantic Parsing: A Survey on Automatic Math Word Problem Solvers (2019)","text":"This survey provides a comprehensive introduction to the MWP datasets and methods prior to 2019. This survey defines three stages of MWP solving, the Rule-based matching stage (1960-2010), Semantic parsing, feature engineering and statistical learning stage (2011-2017), and Deep learning and reinforcement learning stage (2017-2019).
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#towards-tractable-mathematical-reasoning-challenges-strategies-and-opportunities-for-solving-math-word-problems-2021","title":"Towards Tractable Mathematical Reasoning: Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities for Solving Math Word Problems (2021)","text":"This survey introduces the contemporary MWP datasets til 2021, and methods including rule-based, and neural network encoder-decoder structures. Specifically, this paper concludes three strategies for math word solving, (i) direct answer generation, (ii) expression tree generation for inferring answers, and (iii) template retrieval for answer computation. Considering the type of problem solving method, this paper concludes two classes. The first class is non-neural approaches (rule-base or pattern matching approaches, semantic parsing, and statistical machine learning approaches), within which a particular strategy of applying domain knowledge in classifying the problems (e.g. into change, part-whole and compare classes). The second class is neural approaches, including intuitions of (i) predicting the answer directly (ii) generating a set of equations or mathematical expressions and inferring answers from the by executing them (iii) retrieving the templates from a pool of templates derived from training data and augmenting numerical quantities to compute the answer. These neural approaches generally follow encoder-decoder architectures, which fall in four types (i) seq-to-seq (ii) Transformer-to-tree (iii) seq-to-tree (iv) graph-to-tree. Among the four methods, the tree-structured decoder attend both parents and siblings to generate the next token, while the bottom-up representation of sub-tree of a sibling could further help to derive better outcomes. The graph-based encoder aims to learn different types of relationships among the constituents of MWPs. This section also mentions that \"Data augmentation is a popular preprocessing technique to increase the size of training data\" (reverse operation-based augmentation techniques, different traversal orders of expression trees, and weak supervision). In section Math Reasoning in Neural Approaches, this paper mentions several further topics under math reasoning, interpretability and explainability, infusing explicit and definitive knowledge, and reinforcement learning.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#datasets","title":"Datasets","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#mawps-a-math-word-problem-repository-2016","title":"MAWPS: A Math Word Problem Repository (2016)","text":"sroy9/mawps: Code for MAWPS: A Math Word Problem Repository (github.com) The data format is as follows.
[\n{\n\"iIndex\": 1,\n\"sQuestion\": \"Joan found 70.0 seashells on the beach. She gave Sam some of her seashells . She has 27.0 seashells . How many seashells did she give to Sam ?\",\n\"lEquations\": [\"X=(70.0-27.0)\"],\n\"lSolutions\": [43.0]\n},\n]\nDeep Neural Solver for Math Word Problems (aclanthology.org) This dataset is in Chinese.
Problem: Dan have 2 pens, Jessica have 4 pens. How many pens do they have in total ? \nEquation: x = 4+2 \nSolution: 6\nMathQA-Dataset (math-qa.github.io) This paper proposes a math dataset which enhances the AQuA dataset by providing fully-specified operational programs. This dataset has a diverse range of operators.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#math-2021","title":"MATH (2021)","text":"arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03874.pdf MATH is a LaTeX format dataset, with its answer highlighted in a square block.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#svmap","title":"SVMAP","text":"arkilpatel/SVAMP: NAACL 2021: Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems? (github.com) This dataset does not distinguish the data with the texts. An example data is as follows.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#gsm8k-grade-school-math-2021","title":"GSM8k: grade school math (2021)","text":"Collected by OpenAI, this dataset consists of math problems in natural language descriptions, with the math formulas highlighted with special notes.The numbers are not explicitly highlighted with special symbols. Several examples of the data format are as follows.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#draw","title":"DRAW","text":"Providing 1000 grounded word problems.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#algebra","title":"Algebra","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#asdiv","title":"AsDiv","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#multiarith","title":"MultiArith","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#singleeq","title":"SingleEq","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#methods","title":"Methods","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#models","title":"Models","text":"Prior to 2017, the models for solving MWP are mainly concerning with neural networks. After Transformer has been released in 2017, attention-based models have been thriving. The novel models based on Transformer are mainly modifying the encoder and decoder structures, among which there are graph-encoder and tree-decoders.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#graph-to-tree-learning-for-solving-math-word-problems-2020","title":"Graph-to-Tree Learning for Solving Math Word Problems (2020)","text":"This paper proposes a attention-based model Graph2Tree, consisting of graph-based encoder and a tree-based decoder. The math word problems are constructed into Quantity Comparison Graph.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#math-word-problem-solving-with-explicit-numerical-values-2021","title":"Math Word Problem Solving with Explicit Numerical Values (2021)","text":"A novel approach called NumS2T is proposed to solve MWP. NumS2T is constructed with (a) an attention-based seq2seq model to generate its math expressions, (b) a numerical value encoder to obtain the number-aware problem state which are then concatenated with the problem hidden state in (a) to obtain number-aware problem representation, and (c) a numerical properties prediction mechanism for comparing the paired numerical values, determining the category of each numeral and measuring whether they should appear in the target expression.!
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#learning-to-reason-deductively-math-word-problem-solving-as-complex-relation-extraction-2022","title":"Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extraction (2022)","text":"This paper proposes a novel approach
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#workflows","title":"Workflows","text":"Most of the recent works follow the method of knowledge distilling, which means to generate high quality data with LLMs and then train a small model with the generated (and sometimes then augmented) data. The workflow of such tasks mainly assembles that of the following paper.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#large-language-models-are-reasoning-teachers","title":"Large Language Models Are Reasoning Teachers","text":"This paper proposes a knowledge distilling method in solving math reasoning problems.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#solving-math-word-problems-via-cooperative-reasoning-induced-language-models-acl-2023","title":"Solving Math Word Problems via Cooperative Reasoning induced Language Models (ACL 2023)","text":"This paper develops a cooperative reasoning-induced PLM for solving MWPs called Cooperative Reasoning (CoRe), with a generator to generate reasoning paths and a verifier to supervise the evaluation.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#scaling-relationship-on-learning-mathematical-reasoning-with-large-language-models-2023","title":"Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Models (2023)","text":"This paper mainly focus on the following two questions: (i) Which is a better performance indicator of LLMs? (pre-training loss amount/model size) (ii) How to improve small model's performance by data augmentation? To answer the second question, this paper proposes a novel methods in data augmentation in the LLM data generation step which is called Rejection Finetuning (RFT). The algorithm of sampling data in RFT mainly adopts the thought of rejection sampling, which is expressed in the following pseudo-code. This paper assumes such an algorithm will yield as many as possible diverse reasoning paths. The workflow of the RFT method is illustrated as follows, where the SFT stands for supervised finetuning. With the novel method RFT, small models such as Llama-7b yields an accuracy of at most 49.7% on GSM8k, 14% higher than the previous SOTA method SFT.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#pal","title":"PAL","text":"This work is a prompt engineering work.
Q: Roger has 5 tennis balls. He buys 2 more cans of tennis balls. Each can has 3 tennis balls. How many tennis balls does he have now? \nA: Roger started with 5 tennis balls. tennis_balls = 5 2 cans of 3 tennis balls each is bought_balls = 2 * 3 tennis balls. The answer is answer = tennis_balls + bought_balls \nQ: The bakers at the Beverly Hills Bakery baked 200 loaves of bread on Monday morning. They sold 93 loaves in the morning and 39 loaves in the afternoon. A grocery store returned 6 unsold loaves. How many loaves of bread did they have left?\nA: The bakers started with 200 loaves loaves_baked = 200 They sold 93 in the morning and 39 in the afternoon loaves_sold_morning = 93 loaves_sold_afternoon = 39 The grocery store returned 6 loaves. loaves_returned = 6 The answer is answer = loaves_baked - loaves_sold_morning - loaves_sold_afternoon + loaves_returned\n\u672c\u4e13\u680f\u5305\u542b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9
Aug. 25th. 2023
This talk aims both to provide an introduction to the subject Philosophy of Language (a similar subject with semantics and pragmatics, according to its definition; PoL hereafter), and give a summary on the recent ongoing discussion on the linguistics concepts in NLP (e.g. \"meaning\", \"understanding\", \"reasoning\", \"grounding\").
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#a-preview-of-this-talk","title":"A Preview of This Talk","text":"1st 40min: History of philosophy of language 2nd 40min: Recent papers and discussions on PoL topics in NLP 3rd 10min: Discussion on take-away
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#the-location-of-pol-on-the-academic-coordinate","title":"The Location of PoL on the Academic Coordinate","text":"Before we start this talk, we will first provide a brief definition of the term Philosophy of Language in our talk here. The PoL concerns mainly the two following questions, (i) The relationship between the natural language and the world, (ii) The relationship between the human languages and their meaning. Chen (2003) believes that the PoL and the linguistics are two different subjects. He suggests that the linguistics is the study of language rules and patterns and the application of them, while the PoL pays more attention on the more abstract and essential features of the human language (e.g. its relation to the cognition). The author of this talk believes, according to the definition of PoL, it is a subject that closely involves the semantics and pragmatics branches in linguistics. However the PoL and linguistics overlap or not, it is commonly believed that the subject PoL was born in the 1920s, when the linguistic turn was put on stage in the European philosophy.
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#history-of-pol","title":"History of PoL","text":"Now we will dive into the history of PoL. This section is parted \"person by person\". It is noticed that \"person-by-person\" is a common structure of most of the philosophy history, as most of the philosophy progresses are propelled by giants instead of the common people.
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz","title":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","text":"The main contribution of Leibniz is
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#ferdinand-de-saussure","title":"Ferdinand de Saussure","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#friedrich-ludwig-gottlob-frege","title":"Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#bertrand-russell","title":"Bertrand Russell","text":"Bertrand Russell is a pure logician.
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#ludwig-wittgenstein","title":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#noam-chomsky","title":"Noam Chomsky","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/","title":"Philosophy of Language \u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66","text":"Nov. 9th. 2022
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#talk","title":"\u8fd9\u6b21talk\u4f1a\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48","text":"\u2705\u00a0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\u6d41\u53d8\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u8054
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#pol","title":"PoL","text":"\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a 1. \u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb 2. \u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u8bed\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u95ee\u9898
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"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#history-of-pol","title":"History of PoL","text":"\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\uff1a\u63d0\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7b80\u5386\u4eba\u5de5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52aa\u529b
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\u5185\u6db5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
\u5916\u5ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8303\u56f4
\u901a\u540d\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u8bcd\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u3002
\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08Lebens Form\uff09\uff1a\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
\u201c\u626b\u5e1a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u3002\n\u201c\u626b\u5e1a\u628a\u548c\u626b\u5e1a\u5934\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ea4\u9645\u4e2d\u8ba9\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u3002\n\u4eff\u4f5b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8bf4\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u591a\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#conclusion-of-agreements","title":"Conclusion of Agreements","text":"\u963f\u4f69\u5c14\u603b\u7ed3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a
\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u3002
\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u800c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8f7d\u4f53\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u2192 Linguistic Turn
PoL\u7684\u5176\u5b83topic\uff1a 1. \u6307\u79f0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb 2. \u901a\u540d\u4e0e\u4e13\u540d\uff0c\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u8303\u56f4 3. \u771f\u7406\u7406\u8bba 4. \u300a\u6211\u4eec\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u300b\uff1a\u9690\u55bb\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u201cxx\u662fxx\u201d\u662f\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u3002
\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u9690\u55bb
\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6d41\u901d\u3002\n\u4ecb\u8bcd\u662f\u9690\u55bb
I\u2019m feeling up today.\nHe is down.\n\u9ad8\u5174\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u60b2\u4f24\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nWake up.\nHe fell asleep.\n\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nHe fell ill.\nShe dropped dead.\n\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nI have controlled over her.\nHe fell from power.\n\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nMy income rose last year.\nThe number of errors is low.\n\u66f4\u591a\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u5c11\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\n\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff1a
\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5230\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002
\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u641c\u96c6\u8bed\u8a00\u7d20\u6750\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002
CNF
S -> AB\nA -> AA | a\nB -> b | e\n\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219 \\(\\Sigma = \\{NP, Vp, T, N, Npsing, NPpl, Aux, V, C, M, En, S, Past, Af\\}\\)
S -> NP + VP\nVP -> Verb + NP\nNP -> Det + N\nVerb -> Aux + V\nDet -> the, a...\nN -> man, ball...\nAux -> will, can...\nV -> hit, see...\n\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u6210\u5206\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219
1. \u4e3b + \u8c13\n2. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5bbe\n3. \u4e3b + \u7cfb + \u8868\n4. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5bbe + \u53cc\u5bbe\n5. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5bbe + \u5bbe\u8865\n6. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5e76\u5217\u5bbe\n\n...\n\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff081957\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u53e5\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u751f\u6210\u6b65\u9aa4 1. \u751f\u6210\u6838\u5fc3\u53e5\u3002
S -> X1 | X2 | ... Xn\n\u8f6c\u6362\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u7701\u7565\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u6362\u4f4d\uff09\u3002
X1 -> Y1Z1 | ...\n...\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5f62\u6001\u97f3\u4f4d\u89c4\u5219\u3002
Z1 -> W1\n...\nZn -> Wn\n\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4
\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784
\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u53e5\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002
\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u3002
\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u3002
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8c08\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\uff1f
\u9648\u5609\u6620\u8001\u5e08\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u629b\u5728\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5916\u3002[\u300a\u8d70\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u89c2\u300b\uff0c2020]
\u6240\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u6254\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u3002
\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u50cf\u201c\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u70b9\u201d\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#recommended-reading","title":"Recommended Reading","text":"\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u9648\u5609\u6620
\u300a\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u300b\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14
\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766
\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766
\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u300b\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u83b1\u8003\u592b
\u300a\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u673a\u5668\u300b\u5f90\u82f1\u747e
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#_1","title":"\u8ba8\u8bba","text":"\u662f\u5426\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\uff1f\uff08not NP or NP-hard\uff09
\u53ea\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\uff1f
\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5/\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u8eab\u8981\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/ca_da/","title":"Research Methods: Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/ca_da/#discourse-analysis","title":"Discourse Analysis","text":"Some discourse analysis are taught in linguistic departments (Johnstone, 2018)
Foucault (1972, 1980) use 'discourse' to refer to the ways of talking and thinking constitute ideologies (set of interrelated ideas) and serve to circulate power in society, and in the sense involved patterns of belief and habitual actions as well as patterns of language.
Johnstone, Barbara. 2018. Discourse Analysis (3rd ed.). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/ca_da/#conversational-analysis","title":"Conversational Analysis","text":"Definition
Conversation analysis is the study of interactional activities. The object being studied involves at least two persons.
Unit
conversation > sequence > adjacency pair > turn
types of adjacency pairs
turn-taking feature
One involved in a conversation is supposed to give floor to the other party (parties) at a proper point of time. to keep the balance between the time one spends talking and the time the others spend talking.
pre-sequence
insertion sequence
A: Are you coming tonight?\nB: Can I bring a guest?\nA: Male or female?\nB: What difference does that make?\nA: An issue of balance.\nB: Female.\nA: Sure.\nB: Yeah, I\u2019ll be there.\npreference organization
first part second part preferred dispreferred assessment agree disagree invitation accept refuse offer accept decline proposal agree disagree request acccept refuse"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/","title":"Introduction and Concepts","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/#what-is-pragmatics","title":"What is Pragmatics","text":"Charles W. Morris (1901-1979) American semiotician and philosopher. supervised by Charles S. Pierce. In his Foundations of the Theory of Signs (1938), Morris proposed that semiotics should have three divisions:
syntax -------------> semantics -------------> pragmatics\n \u2b06\ufe0f\u00a0 \u2b06\ufe0f\u00a0 \n decoding use in context\nDuring the course of everyday communication, human beings as social animals convey more than the literal, propositional meaning (i.e. we don\u2019t always mean what we say literally).
There is more to the literal meaning of a sentence when we consider the sentence in relation to the context, i.e., the situation of uttering the sentence.
Sentence that cannot be considered in isolation \u2192 utterance
Pragmatics looks beyond truth-conditional meanings, and explores non-literal, implicit, context-related meanings.
Thus both semantics and pragmatics deal with meaning, yet there is a division of labour: semantics deals with meaning in context.
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/#levels","title":"Levels","text":"Definition
Deixis and context: Deictic does not have concrete meanings. Deictic words depend on context for meaning.
linguistic context: refers to the language surrounding the expression in question
The boy said he has five girlfriends.\nBoth he and the boy refer to the boy.
He refers to the boy anaphorically, the boy refer to the boy deictically.
Types of deixis
defined in relation to the deictic center (person, time, place, discourse, social)
symbolic: symbolic usages of deictic terms
personal deixis
The deictic cycle. Harman, 1990.
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/#reference","title":"Reference","text":"Definition: The act of using a word/phrase to pick out something in the world.
Types of referring expressions (\u6307\u793a\u8bed)
Choice of referring expressions: based on the speaker\u2019s assumption about what the listener knows.
Conditions for successful reference: must be collaborative
Differences between semantic and pragmatic presuppositions
for pragmatic presupposition
cancellation of presuppositions
Presuppositions are cancellable or defeasible by changing the words to alter the previous proposition.
F: \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u517b\u732b\u4e86\n~F: \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6ca1\u517b\u732b\nprojection problem
presupposition may not survive when simple sentences are projected into complex ones.
Mary didnt manage to find a job.\nMary didnt manage to find a job. In fact, she didnt even try.\nMike didnt date Mary again.\nMike didnt date Mary gain, if indeed he ever did.\npresupposition triggers (\u89e6\u53d1\u8bed): how to determine speakers\u2019 presupposition in the course of verbal communication?
Definite descriptions \u6709\u5b9a\u63cf\u5199: It gives definite descriptions associated with presuppositions of existence. e.g. the/this/that + NP, 3rd person pronoun, possessive + N (my, your, his/her).
Sue's neighbour's daughter got married last week.\n=> Sue has a neighbour.\n=> The neighbour has a daughter.\nFactive verbs \u5b9e\u60c5\u52a8\u8bcd: sth has happened. e.g. regret, realize, know, be aware that, be sorry that, be glad that, be proud that, be pleased that, be odd, be strange, be disappointed that.
John regretted having started the project.\n=> He started the project.\nImplicative verbs \u542b\u84c4\u52a8\u8bcd: e.g. manage, forget, happen, avoid\u2026
I forgot to bring the book.\n=> I ought to have brought the book.\n\nWe happened to meet Bob in the cinema.\n=> We didnt expect to meet Bob in the cinema.\n\u201cChange of state\u201d verbs \u8868\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd: e.g. finish, stop, begin, start, carry on, continue, cease, leave, arrive, enter, come, go, turn, transform..
He stopped / didnt stop smoking cigars\nIteratives \u8868\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed: words expressing repetition. e.g. repeat, back, again, too, another time, any more..
The spaceship came back to earth.\n=> The spaceship used to be on earth.\nVerbs of judging \u5224\u65ad\u6027\u52a8\u8bcd: accuse, charge, criticize \u603b\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddf\u524d\u9762\u7684factive verb\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u52a0that\u8868that\u540e\u9762\u7684\u662fpresuppotion, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027(e.g. \u60c5\u611f\u8272\u5f69) \u4f46\u662f\u597d\u50cf\u533a\u522b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927
Joe accused Zeo of forgery.\n=> Joe thinks forgery is bad\nTemporal clauses \u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5: before, after, since, ..
After his father died, he stepped into a large fortune.\n=> His father died.\nCleft sentence \u5207\u5206\u53e5/\u65ad\u88c2\u53e5: it is.. that/who.. = \u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u597d\u7275\u5f3a\u3002\u3002
What I lost is my passport\n=> I lost something.\nNon-restrictive attributive clauses
Jack, who visited China last year, is fond of Chinese tea.\n=> Jack has been to China\nCounterfactual conditionals
If I had not burnt the cake, we would be having it for tea.\n=> I burnt the cake.\nQuestions
Does Frank speak English or French?\n=> Frank speaks one of the two European languages.\nImplicature
Grice\u2019s theory of conversational implicature, Logic and Conversation.
An outline of a systematic theory of language use, which can account for the way people read between the lines when understanding everyday language.
meaning of a sentence
Grice\u2019s new terms
Grice draws a distinction
- Smith doesn't seem to have a girlfriend these days.\n\n- He has been paying a lot of visits to New York lately.\n\n=> entailment: he visits New York recently\n=> implicature: Smith may be having a girlfriend in New York.\nfeatures
Grice\u2019s cooperative principle
common purpose/common direction: Conversational partners normally recognize a common purpose or a common direction in their conversation.
common objectives (~= joint project): At any point of a conversation, certain \u201cconversational moves\u201d are judged suitable or unsuitable for accomplishing their common objectives.
How the cooperative principle is applied:
How to follow the maxims:
How to break the maxims:
The cooperative maxims are guidelines instead of rules. They can be creatively infringed/violated.
quantity:
Chandler: Where is the book you are reading?\nMonica: Its in the living room where there is also light and no one will kick you in the shin.\nquality
Two travelers arrived at the hotel and were shown a rather dirty room.\n\u201cWhat,\u201d said one, \u201cdoes this pigsty (\u732a\u5708) cost?\u201d Promptly the owner replied, \u201cFor one pig, two dollars; for two pigs, three dollars.\u201d\nrelation
(The American ambassador Joseph Chroates was once mistaken for a doorman by a guest at an embassy function).\nGuest: Call me a taxi.\nJC: OK, you\u2019re a taxi.\nmanner
Miss X sang \u201cHome Sweet Home\u201d vs.\nMiss X produced a series of sounds which corresponded closely with the score (\u4e50\u8c31) of \u2018Home Sweet Home\u2019.\nThe Horn scales & scalar implicature
When any form on a scale (most, some, always, often, must, may\u2026) is used or asserted, the negative of all forms higher on the scale is implicated.
types of implicature
graph TD\nimplicatures --> conventional/lexical\nimplicatures --> conversational\nconversational --> generalized\nconversational --> particularized\nCriticism of relevance theory
To calculate the processing cost,
Lexical pragmatics
pragmatic enrichment
graph TD\n\npragmatic_enrichment --> pragmatic_narrowing\npragmatic_enrichment --> pragmatic_broadening\npragmatic_broadening --> approximation\npragmatic_broadening --> metaphorical_extension\npragmatic narrowing: superordinate \u2192 subordinate
Doctors also *drink*.\n=> drink alcohol\npragmatic broadening
\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f. \u7c98\u4e00\u70b9ppt\u539f\u8bdd
Intercultural Pragmatics
Intercultural Pragmatics has the potential to help establish a \u201charmonious\u201d interaction and relationship between people from different cultures.
IP aims to study how to deal with the differences arising from cross-cultural communication and how they may affect the universality of pragmatic principles (theory of speech acts, co-
operative principle, politeness principle, etc.)
intercultural pragmatics\u2019 two way perspective
sociopragmatics
Speech action definition:
Speech act theory:
locutionary act \u8a00\u5185\u884c\u4e3a: is the saying of it with the literal meaning
It's stuffy here.\n=> There isn't enough fresh air in here\nillocutionary act \u8a00\u5916\u884c\u4e3a: the speaker\u2019s intention, can be a request
It's stuffy here.\n=> a request of the receiver to open the window.\nperlocutionary act \u8a00\u540e\u884c\u4e3a: action or state of mind brought about by, or as a consequence of, saying something
It's stuffy here.\n=> the receiver opens the window or refuses\nA speech act = locutionary act + illocutionary act + perlocutionary act
Illocutionary force \u8bed\u529b: communicative purposes or social functions
Classification of speech act
Funtion-based classification system:
by John Searle, UCB philosopher
Structure-based classification system:
Development of Gricean theory
Definition of politeness theory
Conversationalists work together, each trying to maintain his/her own face and the face of his/her counterpart.
type of face
Acts involved
Leech\u2019s six Politeness Principle: extension of Gricean theory
(Note that the term \u2018neo-Gricean\u2019 is most often used to describe the works of Laurence Horn, Stephen Levinson, etc. not other theories e.g. relevance theory)
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/theories/#relevance-theory","title":"Relevance Theory","text":"Only preserving the maxim of relation in Gricean theory
Definition of relevance theory
its investigates how aspects of meaning are generated in context and in relation to the speakers intentions.
R(relevance) = E(#contextual effects)/C(cost of efforts in obtaining E)
Relevance is higher when cognitive effects are higher, but it is lower when more processing efforts is required.
Two aspects of relevance principle
cognitive principle of relevance
Human cognition is geared towards the maximization of relevance.
The degree of relevance of a cognitive activity is governed by
it is only worth an addressee\u2019s time and effort to process some information if the ratio of rewards to effort is sufficiently high.
Every act of ostensive communication automatically carries with it the utterer\u2019s belief in its optimal relevance.
Application of RT
disambiguation
(1) She has a mole on her left cheek.\n(2) They managed to place a mole in the rival organization.\nassignment of reference
A: I\u2019ll make the salad dressing.\nB: The oil is on the top shelf.\nA: I can\u2019t see it.\nenrichment
A: When you\u2019ve finished the dishes will you post these letters?\nB: I will.\n=> what B really means is \u201cI will post those letters when I\u2019ve finished the dishes.\nimplicature
A: Did Chris get invited to the conference?\nB: His paper was too long.\n=> Chris didn\u2019t get invited to the conference.\n1 - Definition Clearification
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the terminologies involved in semantics.\n2 - Logics & Formal Semantics
This chapter first introduces the semiotics in formal semantics (which adopts a similar system with that in the logics). It then discusses about the semantics in two perspectives: the propositional logic and the predicate logic. It also introduces several basic rules in logic inference.\n3 - Scope Ambiguity
This chapter discusses on the unsolved questions in scope ambiguity.\nmid-term: 35%
final: 50%
participation: 15%
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#two-tests","title":"Two tests","text":"Two tests will be given during the term, one in the middle and one at the end of the term, covering all the material covered up to that point in the course. The tests will be a combination of various types of questions, including true/false and short essay.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#final-review-for-fun","title":"Final Review & For Fun","text":"The following parts are written in preparation for the final review but I upload it as well for you to read for fun.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#noble-semanticians","title":"Noble Semanticians","text":"Name Field Contribution Live Nation Institution Fun facts Noam Chomsky mainly in syntax generative grammar, transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program, productivity of language, recursivity of language 1928- USA MIT Most prominent linguist alive Ferdinand de Saussure linguist and semiotician founder of semiotics. concepts: sign, signifier vs. signified, diachronic vs. synchronic, language vs. parole, paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic 1857-1913 Switzerland University of Geneva, Switzerland Charles Sanders Peirce philosopher, mathematician, logician founder of semiotics. concepts: index, icon, symbol. 1839-1914 Milford Pennsylvania JHU Michel Br\u00e9al comparative grammar coined the term \u201csemantics\u201d, diachronic focus 1832-1915 born in Rheinlan (Germany), studied in Paris and Berlin in Paris Leonard Bloomfield structural linguistics structural linguistics, language as a self-regulating system, behaviorism(stimulus-response testing) 1887-1949 Yale University reject introspection Aristotle polymath term logic, initiator of western scientific tradition 384-322 BC Stagira, Greece tutor of Alexander the Great Gottlob Freg philosopher, logician, mathematician predicate logic, sense(sentence\u2019s proposition) vs. reference (its truth value) 1848-1925 German University of Jena extreme right-wing views Peter Geach philosopher, professor of logic donkey sentence (1962) 1916-2013 England Oxford Richard Montegue semanticist Montegue grammar: syntax and semantics go together 1930-1971 student of Alfred Tarski, gay man, killed in his apartment, four influential papers Gareth Evans philosopher philosophy of mind, work on reference, e-type anaphora 1946-1980 England Oxford Irene Heim semanticist definite and indefinite pronouns 1954- German, Munich MIT, phd 1982 advisor: Barbara Partee Hans Kamp philosopher and linguist discourse representation theory (DRT) 1954- Dutch Bertrand Russell philosopher, logician logic, philosophy of mathematician 1872-1970 Wales, Britain Cambridge Henri\u00ebtte de Swart linguist tense and aspect, negation, bare nominals and indefinite noun phrases. She has also investigated the role of semantics in language evolution, and was involved in the development of bidirectional optimality theory. 1961- Dutch director of Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics and Utrecht Institute of Linguistics"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#example-questions","title":"Example questions","text":"What is a donkey pronoun?
A donkey sentence is such that an expected existential is interpreted as universal taking wide scope.\nWhat is a discourse pronoun:
outside the scope of existing quantifier\ne.g. No student studies semantics. He is outside.\nThe scope of a quantifier is always bound in the clause it appears.
True\nWhat is quantifier raising?
Chmosky and May.\nLF, \nWhat are De Morgan\u2019s laws?
~(p or q) <=> (~p) and (~q)\n~(p and q) <=> (~p) or (~q)\nWhat are conditional laws
p -> q <=> ~p or q\nWhen is the indefinite \u201ca\u201d not an existential quantifier?
1. donkey sentence\n2. generic noun phrase. A woman is difficult to please. \\forall x(Wx -> Dx)\n3. John is a plumber.pj\n2 readings: Some boy smiled at Jane and some boy kissed Molly.
\\exist x(Bx and Sx,j and Kx,m)\n\\exist x(Bx and Sx,j) and \\forall y(By and Ky,m)\n2 Types of Recursion
embedding and coordination\nantecedent vs. postcedent
anaphor vs. cataphor
Predicate logic is suited to capture natural language meaning
allow recursion = recursivity
two sources of recursion
some boy kissed every girl.\n\nEvery girl was kissed by some boy.\nSomeone mentioned tehy called everyone.\n\n\\forall x: Px\\forall y(M(x, Cxy))\nlinear order: negative polarity item
graph TD\n DS -.Transformation.-> SS\n SS -.send off.-> PF\n SS -.send off.-> LF\n PF -.acoustic representation.-> SS\n LF -.semantic interpretation.-> SS\nTransformation:
CALLOUT: annotation, connotation and denotation
annotation
connotation: intension.
A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.
The\u00a0connotations\u00a0of the phrase \"you are a dog\" are that you are physically unattractive or morally reprehensible, not that you are a canine.
A technical term in logic used by J. S. Mill and later logicians to refer to the attribute or aggregate of attributes connoted by a term, and contrasted with\u00a0denotation\u00a0.
The two expressions \"the morning star\" and \"the evening star\" have different\u00a0connotations\u00a0but the same denotation (i.e. the planet Venus).
denotation
Quantifier-raising - NC RM - syntactic structure comes before the semantic structure - The movement we make in SS to remove ambiguity in DS is called quantifier-raising. - take the quantifier to the higher position to show the scope
Quantifier-in - Montague grammar - The derivational illustration is called quantifier-in. - each predicate take an argument once a time
Quantifier storage - Cooper storage - semantic ambiguity not represented in syntactic structure - semantic representation in which scope ambiguities are obtained without special syntactic rules
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#quantifier-in","title":"Quantifier-in","text":"interrogative: asking a question
which woman does every man love?\nwhich scopes over every.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#scope-ambiguity_1","title":"Scope ambiguity","text":"e.g. some boy did not laugh.
\\exist x (Boy(x) and ~Laugh(x))\n~\\exist x (Boy(x) and Laugh(x))\nsome boy kissed no girl.
\\exist x (Boy(x) and ~\\exist y (Girl(y) and Kiss(x, y)))\n~\\exist y (Girl(y) and \\exist x (Boy(x) and Kiss(x, y))): there was no girl kissed by a boy\nevery boy kissed no girl.
\\forall x (Boy(x) and ~\\forall y(Girl(y) and Kiss(x, y)))\nNo boy said he was hungry.
No boy was present. He was outside instead.: \u201che\u201d is trying to refer to \u201dno boy\u201d but outside the scope.
pronoun \\(\\sub\\) anaphora
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#discourse-anaphora","title":"Discourse Anaphora","text":"e.g.
Every student was present and she was interested.\nevery: scopes over \u201cEvery student was present\u201d
every: an indefinite quantifier. \u201cshe\u201d\u2019s antecedent is not clear
\u201cshe\u201d is hardly bound by the antecedent. \u201cshe\u201d is free * ungrammatical: \u4e0d\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684, syntactic
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#infelicitous-semantic-fit-the-context","title":"infelicitous: \u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684, semantic, fit the context","text":"discourse pronoun: in separate clauses
sentence quantifier:
Some boy said he was hungry.\nNo boy said he was hungry.\ndiscourse quantifier:
Some boy was present; he was hungry.\n#No boy was present; he was hungry. // he is free\ncoreference individual constants
Fred thought he was the the best\nbinding individual variables
Every student thinks he/she is the best\nSo we may conclude the following rules for e-type anaphora. BUT this part has NOT been verified with any authority. Do NOT take them as given truths during exams.
e.g. No boy thinks that he has a chance.
~\\exist x(Boy(x) and Think(x, Has-a-chance(x)))\nA particular boy said he wanted to kiss every girl. He then did it.
\\exist !x(Bx and W(x, K(x, \\forall y(Gy -> K(x, y))))) and K(x, y)\nif a farmer owns a donkey, he beats it.
* \\exist x (Fx and \\exist y (Dy and O(x, y))) -> B(x, y)\n\\forall x \\forall y (Fx and Dy and O(x, y) -> B(x, y))\n= every farmer who owns a donkey beats it.
\\exist x(Fx and \\exist y (Dy and O(x, y)) -> B(x, y)) // y is free\n\u2757\u2757\u2757
A donkey sentence is such that an expected existential is interpreted as universal taking wide scope.
donkey pronoun can be: it, him, they (can also be plural forms)
\u201ca\u201d: generic indefinite
A woman is a difficult thing to please.\n[Every farmer [who owns a donkey] beats it.]
universal wide scope: it scopes more over the relative clause
The problem - Existential with narrow scope - interpreted as universal with wide scope - in conditional clauses - in restriction of every
Conclusion - the machinery of predicate logic is broken - cannot capture meaning of natural language
If a student tries, she passes the exam.
(\\exist x(Sx and Tx)) -> Py ; y is free\n\\exist x((Sx and Tx)) -> Py)\ninterpretation
\\forall x((Sx and Tx) -> px)\nSolutions for donkey anaphora:
E-type anaphora
initial examples
A student came in. She had a question about the exam.\nshe = the student came in\n\nBill owns some sheep and Max vaccinates them.\nthem = the sheep Bill owns. E-type pronoun, some sheep scopes over the first half\nIf a student likes Copenhagen, she is happy.
she = for every case we examine, the student is \nevery student who reads a semantic paper likes it.
Bill owns a cat. Max takes care of it.\nBill is a cat-owner. #Max takes care of it.\nDRT (Dynamic binding theory)
Unselective binding example of the subject is \u2018unselectively bound\u2019 by a special \u2018generic operator.
Dogs bark.\nA dog barks.\nReference: Unselective Binding
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#chapter-6-in-short-discoursedonkey-anaphora","title":"Chapter 6 in short: Discourse/Donkey Anaphora","text":"(\u52a0\u7c97\u7684\u662fDonkey anaphora\u548cE-type anaphora\u7684\u533a\u522b)
Discourse: basic unit of interpretation
Donkey sentence: is such that an expected existential is interpreted as universal taking wide scope. / sentences that contain a pronoun with clear meaning but whose syntactical role in the sentence poses challenges to grammarians (wikipedia)
e.g.
every farmer who owns a donkey beats *it*.\nit: (corresponding to the) existential (\"a\") but interpreted as universal\nevery police officer who arrested a murder insulted *him*.\nhim\nevery farmer who owns some sheep cleans *them*.\nthem\ndonkey anaphora = donkey pronoun: it, him, they (can also be plural forms)
Analysis of donkey anaphora: Montague grammar
e.g.
\\forall x(Farmer(x) and \\exist y (Donkey(y) and Owns(x,y)) -> Beat(x,y))\nAnaphoric relations in sentence and discourse - E-type anaphora: pronoun outside the scope of binder, not bound, content of pronoun reconstructed, reconstruction based on context - in separate sentences
```\n A student came in. *She*(the student came in) had a question about the exam.\n ```\n\n- in the same sentence but outside the scope\n ```\n If a student likes Copenhagen, *she*(for every case we examine, the student in question who likes Copenhagen) is happy.\n ```\n\n- problem of compound: antecedent must appear as a noun?\n ```\n Bill owns a cat. Max takes care of it.\n Bill is a cat-owner. # Max takes care of it.\n ```\nAnaphora resolution - TODO
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/","title":"Definition Clarification","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#what-is-semantics","title":"What is semantics?","text":"parenthesis
small dogs and cats: \n- small (dogs and cats)\n- (small dogs) and cats\n\n// example of scope of quantifier\nlogical quantifier
every body did not cry:\n- every not (boy did cry) 'no boy did cry'\n- not every (boy did cry) 'at least one boy did cry'\neverything but the subject e.g. John likes grammar.
content verb or adjective taking arguments e.g. like (John, grammar).
graph TD\n Language_Ability --> Competence\n Language_Ability --> Performance\n Competence --> Grammar\n Competence --> Lexicon\n Grammar --> Semantics\n Grammar --> Phonology\n Grammar --> Syntax\n Grammar --> Pragmantics\nWe can/cannot study syntax without semantics.
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.\nDeixis is how objects, events and situations relate to the here and now of the speakers. It shows that utterance meaning cannot be fully determined by sentence meaning.
(Last week) (I) play(ed) tennis with Chris.\nDeictic: pointing context Anaphoric: linguistic expression context. pronoun resolution: antecedent - pronoun
\ud83d\udcad index - indices (higher register) / indexes \ud83d\udcad Desiderata (high-register way to say Goal, desideratum. sl.)"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#map-of-semantics-taxomony","title":"Map of Semantics / Taxomony","text":"Semantics - lexical semantics - meaning of lexical items - smaller unites - mainly words - morphemes - compositional semantics - meaning of larger units - phrases and sentences - word combination
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#utterance-sentence-proposition","title":"Utterance / Sentence / Proposition","text":"abiguity: bank, punch, pitcher\nsynonymy: beautiful-lovely, antonymy: male-female\nhyponymy: set -> superset\ntaxonomy: set -> subset\nsymmetric relation: marry. mutually entail each other\nconverse relation: send, sell\nmeronomy: part-whole relationship
subtypes of meronymy
pistachio - almond taxonymy\nlaugh - cry move in - move out\ncry - weep\nRMB - monetary unit\ngrilfriend - wife\nsit - stand\njump - hop\ngood - bad\nbeat - beet\nrise - fall reverse\ncigarette - cigar taxonymy\nkid - goat dragon - monster\nMichel Br\u00e9al: coined semantics
Ferdinand de Saussure: semiotician, diachronic vs. synchronic.
Leonard Bloomfield: structural linguistics, Language, behaviorism(stimulus-response testing). reject introspection(theorize about language learning by thinking about on ones own experience)
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#diachronic-synchronic","title":"Diachronic & Synchronic","text":"Noam Chomsky Syntax
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#generative-grammar","title":"Generative Grammar","text":"e.g. Flying planes can be dangerous.
graph TD\n are --> planes\n planes --> flying\n are --> dangerous\ngraph TD\n is --> flying\n flying --> planes\n is --> dangerous\nanaphora
John said he would helps.\nNo boy said he would help. no boy: all the boy not, not exist a boy\ncoreference(coreferential): refer to same person
notes: cf. compare, e.g. for example
graph TD\n Inference --> Entailment\n Inference --> Presuppositions\n Inference --> Implicature\nany conclusion drawn from a set of propositions, from something someone has said and so on.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#entailment","title":"Entailment","text":"Three girls were present. -> More than two girls were present.\nThree girls were not present. kills More than two girls were present.\nCannot be cancelled
# Three girls were present, but actually two girls come.\n#: semantically wrong\nJim regrets ignoring the first problem. -> Jim has the first problem.\nJim does not regret ignoring the first problem. -> Jim has the first problem.\ncannot be cancelled
# Jim regrets ignoring the first problem, but he does not have the first problem.\nSusan blushes when Jim looks at her, but she does not have a crush on him.\nProposed by Noam Chomsky, the term compositionality entails three dimension.
The meaning of the whole is a function of the meaning of its parts and the way they are put together.: \u2026 is determined by\u2026
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/","title":"Logics & Formal Semantics","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#metalanguage","title":"Metalanguage","text":"a. January has 31 days.\nb. *******January******* has 7 letters.\nb*. 'January' has 7 letters.\nLiar sentence
(31) Sentence (31) is false.\nsolutions: (\u4e0d\u8003)
fuzzy logic
x = NOT(x)\nx = 1 - x\nx = 0.5\nAlfred Tarski paradox arises only in languages that are \u201csemantically closed\u201d.
Arthur Prior equivalent
This statement is false.\nThis statement is true and this statement is false.\nSaul Kripke Whether a sentence is paradoxical or not can be depend upon contingent facts.
A majority of what Jones says about me is false.\nSmith is a big spender.\nSmith is soft on crime.\nEverything Smith says about me is true.\nIf a statement's truth value is ultimately tied up in some evaluable fact about the world, that statement is \"grounded\". If not, that statement is \"ungrounded\". Ungrounded statements do not have a truth value. Liar statements and liar-like statements are ungrounded, and therefore have no truth value.
Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy \u201cdenial\u201d or \u201cnegation\u201d
Dialetheism
Dialetheism is the view that there are true contradictions. Dialetheism raises its own problems. Chief among these is that since dialetheism recognizes the liar paradox, an intrinsic contradiction, as being true, it must discard the long-recognized\u00a0principle of explosion, which asserts that any proposition can be deduced from a contradiction, unless the dialetheist is willing to accept trivialism \u2013 the view that\u00a0all propositions are true. Since trivialism is an intuitively false view, dialetheists nearly always reject the explosion principle. Logics that reject it are called\u00a0paraconsistent.
Non-cognitivism
logic overview
graph TD\n Logic --> Logic_from_antiquity\n Logic --> Predicate_Logic\n Logic_from_antiquity --> Term_Logic\n Logic_from_antiquity --> Propositional_Logic\nlogic from antiquity: older
predicate logic: newer
Aristotle: term logic
Gottlob Frege: predicate logic
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#history-of-logics","title":"History of Logics","text":"Not applied for - question (?) - exclamation - modal: modal logic
\ud83d\udcad ergo: therefore"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#term-logic","title":"Term logic","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#modus-ponens","title":"Modus Ponens","text":"Means of putting, MP syllogism, affirming the antecedent
P(conditional statement): If it rain, I do not go to school.\nH: It rains.\nC: I do not go to class.\nFormal fallacy: affirming the consequent. Abductive reasoning.
P: If it rains, I will not go to class.\nH: I do not go to class.\nC: * It rains.\nMeans of carrying, MT syllogism, denying the consequent.
P: If it has not been cloudy, it does not rain.\nH: It rains.\nC: It has been cloudy.\nprinciple of transitivity
P: If it rains, the soils goes wet. If the soil goes wet, the plants grow.\nH: It rains.\nC: The plants grow.\ntwo premises and a conclusion
P: It either rains or its sunny.\nH: It rains.\nC: It is not sunny.\nDeductive reasoning
general to the particular. based on entailment
Inductive reasoning
particular to the general. empiricism
Abductive reasoning
formal fallacy. All dogs bark, Fido barks, Fido is a dog.
Abductive reasoning allows inferring a as an explanation of b. As a result of this inference, abduction allows the precondition a to be abducted from the consequence b.
Properly used, abductive reasoning can be a useful source of\u00a0priors in\u00a0Bayesian statistics.
John is friendly or John is not friendly.\nJohn is friendly and John is not friendly.\nIt is not the case that John is not friendly.\ncontingent.
It is not the case that John is hungry or John is not grumpy.\nconverse: q\u2192p. affirming the consequent
inverse: ~p\u2192~q. denying the antecedent
contrapositive: ~q\u2192~p. modus tollens
given p\u2192q.
Although it was extremely cold, Sally did not stay indoors.
~q->p\np and ~q\nWe get a holiday, or we protest.
~p->q\np or q\nJone said that Jane helped him.
p\np and q\nJohn\u2019s sister burped
p: John has a sister. presupposition, assume it true\nq: This sister burped.\np\np and q\nJohn arrives before Jane left
p before q\nJohn did not arrive before Jane left.
~p before q\np ~before q\nuniversal quantifier: every, each, all, any, only
existential quantifier: a, some, there is \\(\\exist\\), for all \\(\\forall\\)
predicate, argument
John may like Sally.
predicate: may like\nJohn has a crush on Sally.
predicate: has a crush on\nFrank is the father of Susan.
predicate: is the father of\nFrank is Susan\u2019s father.
predicate: is...'s father\nAdjunct: if, probably, means, of course, early
Valent, empty place holder: formal subject
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#collective-and-distributive-readings","title":"Collective and distributive readings","text":"Jogn and Molly ate a pizza.\np: one pizza, ate one together. distributive\np and q: two pizzas, each ate a pizza. collective\nCinthia and Sam have saved 100 dollars.\np: together 100 dollars\np and q: 200 dollars\nContent verb is a predicate, but functional verbs are not
John obviously spoke with Jane because he had to.
predicate: spoke with\nargument: John, Jane\nadjuncts: obviously, because he had to.\nIf I get a chance, I will probably try to avoid the mistake.
predicate: will try to \nargument: I, avoid the mistake\nadjuncts: If I get a chance, probably\nJohn performed Jill\u2019s operation first.
\nThe person who talk loudly is Jim\u2019s father.
predicate: is someone's father\nargument: the person who talk loudly, Jim\nadjunct: \nthe talking loudly person
predicate: talking\nargument: person\nadjunct: loudly\npredicate: the nodes that are connected in SUD parsing tree
universal dependency (UD)
syntactic-universal dependency (SUD)
graph TD\n Primitive_units_within_propositions --> Predicates\n Primitive_units_within_propositions --> Arguments\n Arguments --> individuals_Terms\n individuals_Terms --> constants\n individuals_Terms --> variables\nlexical predicates vs. syntactic predicates
individual constants vs. individual variables
e.g. We think John likes Susan.
T(w, Lj,s)\nTypes of predicates:
e.g. Monica hid her bicycle.
x hide y: Hx,y\nMonica: m\nher bicycle: b\nHm,b\ne.g. Monica did not hide her bicycle.
x hide y: Hx,y\nMonica: m\nher bicycle: b\n~Hm,b\ne.g. Monica laughed and cried.
Monica: m\nlaugh: L()\ncry: C()\nLm and Cm\ne.g. Jim sent Monica his dog.
Sj,m,d\ne.g. William did not help or hinder Mike.
~ (H1w,m or H2w,m) \ne.g. Jennifer promise to help.
P(j, Hj)\ne.g. Jennifer did not promise to help.
~P(j,Hj)\ne.g. Jennifer promise to not laugh.
P(j,~Lj)\ne.g. Mike claimed he wanted to help.
C(m, W(m/x, Hm/x))\n\nm: Mike\nx: maybe some other\ne.g. John asked Mandy to stop laughing.
A(j, m, S(m, Lm))\ne.g. John and Larry called Molly.
Cj,m and Cl,m\nC(j and l, m)\ne.g. Molly did not call John and Larry.
~C(m, j) and ~C(m, l)\n~C(m, j and l)\n~C(m, j) or ~C(m, l)\nentailment: (universal instantiation)
every dog barks \u2192 if something is a dog, then it is a dog.
Universal quantification
\\(\\forall\\)x (Dx \u2192 Bx)
D = (d1, d2, d3,\u2026)
\\(\\forall\\)x (Dx \u2192 Bx)= (Bd1 and Bd2 and Bd3, \u2026.)
Existential quantification
\\(\\exist\\)x (Dx and Bx)
D = (d1, d2, d3,\u2026)
\\(\\exist\\)x (Dx and Bx) = (Bd1 or Bd2 or Bd3, \u2026.)
e.g. Every cat barfed.
\\forall x (Cx -> Bx)\ne.g. The cat barfed.
Bc\ne.g. Bill fed cat.
\\forall x (Cx -> Fb,x)\ne.g. Some dog barked at Fred.
\\exist x (Dx and Bx,f)\ne.g. Fred scolded some dog.
\\exist x (Dx and Sf,x)\ne.g. Fred and Susan avoid some dog.
\\exist x (Dx and Af,x and As,x)\n\\exits x (Dx and Af,x) and \\exist y (Dy and Af,s)\ne.g. No dog barks.
\\forall x (Dx -> ~Bx)\n~\\exist x (Dx and Bx)\ne.g. Bill fed no dog.
~\\exist x (Dx and Fb,x)\n\\forall x (Dx -> ~Fb,x)\ne.g. No dog barked at Susan or chased Fred.
~\\exist x ((Dx and (Bx,s or Cx,f))\n\\forall x ((Dx -> (~Bx,s and ~Cx,f))\n\\forall x ((Dx -> ~(Bx,s or Cx,f))\nScope ambiguity
e.g. Some boy kissed every girl.
\\exist x \\forall y (Bx and (Gy -> Kx,y)) = \\exist x(Bx and \\forall y (Gy -> Kx,y))\n\\forall y \\exist x (Gy -> (Bx and Kx,y)) = \\forall y (Gy -> \\exist x (Bx and Kx,y))\nEvery boy kissed some girl.
\\forall x (Bx -> \\exist (Gy and Kxy)) <=> \\forall x \\exist y (Gy and Kxy)\nEvery students did not laugh.
\\forall x (Sx -> ~Lx) <=> ! \\exist x (Sx and Lx)\n~\\forall x (Sx -> Lx) <=> \\exist (Sx and ~Lx)\nNot every student laughs.
~\\forall x (Sx -> Lx) <=> \\exist (Sx and ~Lx)\ngraph TD\n laughed --> student\n student --> /every\n /every --> not\neach studnet did not laugh.
\\forall x (Sx -> ~Lx) \n~\\forall x (Sx -> Lx)\nany: negative polarity item
John did not pass every exam.
~\\forall x (Ex -> Pj,x) <=> \\exist x (Ex and Pj,x)\n\\forall x (Ex -> ~Pj,x)\nJohn did not pass any exam.
\\forall x (Ex -> ~Pj,x)\ne.g.
Jack saw a rat.
\\exist x (Rx and Sj,x) \nJack is a rat.
the quantifier is in the predicate but not the argument. here rat is a constant.
Rj\nJack knows no genius.
use not exist to render \u201cno\u201d
~\\exist x (Gx and Kj,x) <=> \\forall x (Gx -> ~Kj,x)\nJack is no genius. <=> Jack is not a genius.
~Gj\nThese problems are difficult.
Dp\nThese problems are difficult ones.
Dp\nAll the problems are difficult.
\\forall x (Px -> Dx)\nThese problems are all the problems.
Ap\nThese problems are not all the problems.
~Ap\nJack is our plumber.
Pj\nOur plumer is Jack. (has presupposition)
Pj\nEverything counts.
whether thing includes animate and inanimate.
\\forall x (Cx)\n\\forall x (Tx -> Cx)\nEverybody counts.
*\\forall x (Cx)\n\\forall x (Px -> Cx)\npredicates
some prepositions.
The present under the tree is big. (prepositions that gives location)
argument nouns.
common nouns
content verbs are the core of syntactic predicates
adjectives are most always the core of syntactic predicates.
e.g. Mike\u2019s wife thinks Mikes if lazy.
predicates inside individual constants are presuppositional
A thin man was present.
predicates inside \u2026 .are propositional
e.g. Every barking is harmless
has true or false impact on the truth
\\forall x ((Dx and Bx) -> Hx)\nthis proposition has to show up in the predicate
The barking dog is harmless.
Hd\nthe presupposition does not show in the predicate
John avoids every dog he sees.
\\forall x ((Dx and Sj,x) -> Aj,x)\nJohn said every dog barks.
intensional
Sj\nS(j,\\forall x (Dx -> Bx)) \nSj,I ; I for intensional argument predicate\nJane probably teased Sam last night
John arrived drunk.
Jim burped twice.
twice: propositional or presuppositional
Susan did not cheat yesterday.
Mary stayed because John stayed.
Mary did not stay because John stayed
Every boy was hungry
\\forall x: Bx(Hx)\nSome boy was hungry.
\\exist x: Bx(Hx)\nEvery cat barfed.
\\forall x: Cx(Bx)\nBill fed every cat.
\\forall x (Cx, Fb,x)\n\\forall x: Cx(Fb,x)\nSome dog barked at Fred.
\\exist x (Dx, Bx,f)\n\\exist x: Dx(Bx,f)\nFred and Susan avoid some dog.
\\exist x(Dx and (Af,x and As,x))\n\\exist x: Dx (Af,x and Af,x)\nNo dog barks.
~\\exist x (Dx and Bx) <=> ~\\exist x: Dx (Bx)\ngraph TD\n Semantic_Rules --> Model\n Semantic_Rules --> Valuation_Function\n Model --> Universe_of_Discourse\n Model --> Interpretation_Function\n Universe_of_Discourse --> entities\ninterpretation function I
I(name) \u2192 meaning\nassignment function g[x/e]
g(type of object) -> meaning\nvaluation function V
V(p) = 1/0\nV(Bs) = 1/0\n[[\\alpha]]^M the denotation of \\alpha wrt M (same as interpretation function I)
[[name]]^M -> meaning\n\u4e0d\u597d\u8bf4 \u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d
\u76ee\u5f55
\u751f\u6210\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u6210\u5206\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b
[The big book of poems with the blue cover] is on the table.\n\u6210\u5206\u53e5\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0csubject\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a1\u7684\u6811
\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6210\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e24\u7ec4\u5408\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6
one-replacement
\u7528one-replacement\u63a2\u6d4b\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528did so/did too\uff09
Mika loved the policeman intensively.\nSusan did so half-heartedly.\n*Susan did so the baker.\ngraph TD\n NP --> D\n D --> the\n NP --> N1\n N1 --> AdjP\n AdjP --> big\n N1 --> N2\n N2 --> N3\n N2 --> PP1\n N3 --> N\n N --> book\n N3 --> PP2\n PP2 --> of_poems\n PP1 --> with_the_blue_cover\n\u52a0\u5165\u4e86bar level\uff0cbook\u4e0eof poems\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u6295\u5c04X-bar\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aconstituent\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u753b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5f62\u5f0f
\u751f\u6210\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66\u6d3e\uff1a\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002classical theory and standard theory\u30021988\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86government and binding theory\u3002lexicon, D-S, S-S, PF, LF
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#n-bar","title":"N-bar","text":"\u539f\u672cNP\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982N\u2192
N-bar theory\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811
\u89c4\u5219\u6bd4\u5982
NP -> Det N'\nN' -> AP N'\nN' -> N PP\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u6295\u5c04
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#v-bar","title":"V-bar","text":"VP -> V' // \u9884\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed9\u6f5c\u5728\u7684specifier\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\nV' -> AdvP V' | V' PP | V' AdvP\nV' -> V(NP)\nAdjP -> Adj'\nAdj' -> (AdvP) Adj' | Adj' (AdvP)\nAdj' -> Adj(PP)\nPP -> P'\nP' -> P'(PP) | (AdvP)P'\nP' -> P(NP)\n\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcdX \u2192 \u4e2d\u95f4\u6295\u5c04X\u2019 \u2192 \u6700\u5927\u6295\u5c04XP\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5230XP\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u6295\u5c04
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#parameter-of-word-orders","title":"Parameter of Word Orders \u7ba1\u7ea6\u8bba\uff0c \u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u7406\u8bba","text":"\u6839\u636eX-bar\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u5e8f\uff08\u5982SVO\uff0cSOV\u7b49\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bed\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u89e3\u91ca
specifier\u548ccomplement\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5176sister\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u533a\u522b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aparameter setting
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#_2","title":"\u753b\u6811\u7684","text":"head movement: movement from a head to another head position
\u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751fmovement\u7684\u6807\u5fd7
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#-reading","title":"- \u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u79cdreading","text":"shortest movement
shortest: let the path of a movement be the set of nodes that dominate the original position of the moved item, and do not dominate the leading site.
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/","title":"\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5 UD & SUD","text":"In full spelling, Universal Dependency gammar and Surface Syntax Universal Dependency grammar.
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#tools","title":"Tools","text":"AllenNLP Demo CoreNLP Tool
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#concepts","title":"Concepts","text":"Dependency grammar\u00a0(DG) is an approach to the study of the syntax and grammar of natural languages that is quite distinct from\u00a0phrase structure grammar\u00a0(PSG), which is also known as\u00a0constituency grammar. The modern history of DG begins with\u00a0Lucien Tesni\u00e8re's major oeuvre (1959), whereas the modern history of PSG begins arguably with\u00a0Noam Chomsky's first prominent work (1957).
DG views linguistic structures in terms of a\u00a0one-to-one mapping\u00a0of atomic linguistic units to the nodes in structure, whereas PSG assumes a\u00a0one-to-one-or-more mapping. The distinction is clearly visible when one compares the tree structures. The next trees are taken from the\u00a0Wikipedia article on DG:
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#sud","title":"SUD","text":"[Surface Syntactic Universal Dependencies (SUD) | SUD](https://surfacesyntacticud.github.io/ SUD is an annotation scheme for syntactic dependency treebanks, and has a nearly perfect degree of two-way convertibility with the Universal Dependencies scheme (UD). Contrary to UD, it is based on syntactic criteria (favoring functional heads) and the relations are defined on distributional and functional bases.
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#general-principles-of-sud","title":"General principles of SUD","text":"SUD has 4 specific syntactic relations and a few extended relations: - subj - udep - comp - comp:aux - comp:cleft - comp:obj - comp:obl - comp:pred - mod
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/","title":"\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u6cd5 Universal Grammar","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"Syntax\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cdgrammar\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53e5\u5b50\u3002
Grammar\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528high order of statistical approximation to English\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#basic-linguistics","title":"Basic Linguistics","text":"DFA & Regular language
\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5173\u5fc3CFG\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#phrase-structure-limitation","title":"Phrase Structure & Limitation","text":"\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684CFG\uff08\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09\u6784\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u6240\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u5f15\u5165a more powerful model combining phrase structure and grammatical transformation\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8f6c\u6362-\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#on-the-goals-of-linguistic-theory","title":"On the Goals of Linguistic Theory","text":"\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5f52\u7eb3\u51faUG\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9UG\u7684\u671f\u671b\u7531\u5f3a\u81f3\u5f31\u4e3a\uff1a
\u5e94\u8be5\u7814\u7a76competence\uff0c\u800c\u975eperformance
"},{"location":"Other/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"TODO\uff08\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5199\uff09
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/","title":"\u3010TODO\u3011\u6211\u768424fall\u7533\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f55","text":"\u672c\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u5728\u621112\u6708\u6295\u9012\u5b8c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7533\u8bf7\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5fc3\u5f97\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4CS\u548clinguistics\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6599\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u6001\u3002
\u9884\u8ba1\u66f4\u65b0\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u6709\uff1a
\u6211\u52a0\u5fc3\u9009\u5355\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u7684\u98de\u8dc3+opencsapp\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u91cc\u9762\u5220\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7533\u5230\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u7684
\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u5fcd\u4f4f\u7533\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c9\u5f97\u7533\u8bf7\u8d39\u4e0e\u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25\u53ef\u80fdgap\u4e00\u5e74\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u524d\u8005\u8f83\u5c0f
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#phd","title":"Ph.D. \u9009\u5bfc","text":""},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_2","title":"\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u7ee9","text":"CMU \u5fc5\u987b\u9001\u5206
Umich Meng ECE\u9700\u8981GRE\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9001\u5206 The University of Michigan school code is 1839.
Uchi MPCS\u9700\u8981GRE\u7684q>85%\uff08\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\uff09\uff0cv\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42 Please have an official TOEFL or IELTS score sent directly to the University of Chicago. The University's institution code for TOEFL/GRE reporting is 1832
UW CLMS \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b98\u65b9\u9001\u5206 TOEFL/GRE ETS report code: 4854
USC: 4852
UCSD\uff1a4836
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_3","title":"\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1","text":"\u5927\u7ea612.2\u53f7\u770b\u5230phd\u7533\u8bf7\u7fa4\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8981\u627e3\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u63d0\u524d\u627e4\u52305\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u4ea4\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u6709\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08\u6211\u7684\u9009\u6821\u91cc\u53ea\u6709loo\u548cumich\u4e0a\u9650\u4e09\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u5fd9\u5fd8\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u518d\u95ee\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\uff0c\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u662fphd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u5fd8\u4e86\u4ea4\u62d2\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u7684ms\u542c\u8bf4\u4e09\u5c01\u4ea4\u4e0d\u9f50\u5c31\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0d\u4e86\uff08\u6211\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u6ca1\u9047\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u58f0\u62d2\u4f60\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u662f\u63d0\u524d\u627e4\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002
\u542c\u8bf4USC MSCS\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u770b\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u591a\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\uff0c\u8d4c\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002
Uchi\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1
Rice\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1
CMU\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982MSCS\u548cPhD\u5171\u4eab\uff0cMLT\u90a3\u4e00\u5927\u4e32\u7684AI\u9879\u76ee\u5171\u4eab\u3002
UCSD\u7684ms\u548cphd\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u636e\u8bf4cs ce master\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e92\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u8ddfgit\u4e0d\u4e92\u901a
Umich\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u81f3\u5c11ms\u548cmeng\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3002\u586b\u9519\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u540e\u65b0\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u663e\u793a\u539f\u6765\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u3002
Waterloo\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e1-3\u5929\u5185\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u6700\u5feb\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e1\u5929\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5728ddl\u524d14\u5929\u548c7\u5929\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5404\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u50ac\u4fe1
\u7fa4\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u54e5\u5927cs ce ee\u4e5f\u662f\u5171\u7528\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u662fms
\u5df2\u77e5\u5927\u8305\u548c\u54e5\u5927\u67e5ip\u633a\u4e25\uff0c\u7fa4\u91cc\u6709\u540c\u5b66\u6536\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bf4\u67e5\u5230\u4fe1\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u7684
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_4","title":"\u5957\u74f7","text":"\u7f51\u4e0a\u8bf4\u5957\u5230\u74f7\u624d\u80fd\u7533\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5957\u74f7\u548c\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6709\u6559\u6388\u5c31\u60f3\u7b49\u770b\u5230\u6c60\u5b50\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u7fa4\u91cc\u8bf423fall\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5f3aprof\u5236\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u544a\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u62ff\u4e0d\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u62d2\u4eba\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5e74\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u6821\u6539committee\u5236\u4e86\uff08\u7fa4\u91cc\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4usc\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4eca\u5e74\u8eab\u8fb9\u4eba\u5957usc\u7684\u74f7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u56de\u3002\u3002\uff09
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#college-specific","title":"College-specific\u7f51\u7533\u7684\u5751","text":"CMU\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u641c\u7d22 MLT application \u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9875\u9762\u53ca\u7533\u8bf7\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230MLT\u9879\u76ee\u7684
Application Management (cmu.edu) \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u622a\u56fe\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u7406mscv\u548cmsaii\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7533\u8bf7\u3002
CMU\u7684video essay\uff1a
\u5728mscs\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u662f\u63d0\u524d\u5f55\u597d\u4e86\u7136\u540e\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230youtube\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u7ec6\u5206\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2aai\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u662f\u96503\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u968f\u673a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9650\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u9650\u65f6\u8bf4\u3002
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UWaterloo \u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8d76\u7d27\u4ea4\u4e86\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0a\u4f20cv \u6587\u4e66 \u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u7ee9\u7b49\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u540e2-4\u5929\u6536\u5230\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6bd412.1\u63d0\u524d\u81f3\u5c11\u56db\u4e94\u5929\u4ea4
Umich\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u56db\u4e94\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u8981\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5b8c\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u9875\u9762\u624d\u80fd\u8df3\u7740\u586b
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_5","title":"\u6587\u4e66","text":"CV instruction from JHU Upload a copy of your resume or curriculum vitae (CV). This document should outline clearly and briefly the following: Employment held (include title of jobs and start/end dates) Research activities Academic honors, including fellowships you have been awarded Volunteer or community service Extracurricular activities Honorary societies, awards for service or leadership you have received Publications
\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5ba1\u6587\u4e66\u65f6\u6bcf\u4efd\u6587\u4e665-10\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f 1\uff09\u5c0f\u6807\u9898 2\uff09\u52a0\u7c97\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6211\u4e0a\u6b21\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u7684group tutorial\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5408\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efdrp\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u5199\u7684\u662f\u6700\u6666\u6da9\u7684lit review\uff0c\u5373\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u8fd8\u53e5\u5b50\u6700\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u4e3b\u9898\u52a0\u4e86\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u540c\u5b66\u5199\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u5728\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u95f4\u9699\u7784\u4e86\u51e0\u773c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5c31\u53ea\u770b\u8fdb\u53bb\u4e86lit review\u7684\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u70b9\u8bc4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u505a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5206\u6bb5\u548c\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u771f\u7684\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56db\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4/\u805a\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u591f\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7528\u62a0\u592a\u7ec6\u3002
\u60f3\u7ed9\u70b9\u5199\u6587\u4e66\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f
PS\u7ed3\u6784
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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\u5e26\u8fc7\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u522b\u51fa\u8272\u7684score\u6216coursework\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4
\u7b2c\u4e09\u5230\u4e94\uff08\u6216\u56db\uff09\u6bb5\uff1a\u6bcf\u6bb5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u5206\u603b\u5199\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u6700\u60f3\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u70b9/\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8bf4
\u7b2c\u516d\u6bb5\uff1amoving forward \u8bb2\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u89c4\u5212
\u7b2c\u4e03\u6bb5\uff1awhy [program name] and why [school name]
\u7b2c\u516b\u4e5d\u6bb5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684diversity \u5956\u5b66\u91d1 gre clarification\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5199
References
SoP\u7ed3\u6784
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1axxx\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9xxx\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u5728x\u6821\u8bfbphd is naturally a continuation of my previous interests and experiences\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\uff1a ( \u6b64\u5904\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u548c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u4ecb\u7ecd
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\uff1aAAA \u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b
\u5199\u5b8c\u4e00\u6574\u6bb5\u540e\u6700\u540e\u518d\u8d77\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7b80\u4ecb\n\uff08+\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u5427\uff09\n+\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\n+\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\n+\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\n+\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\n+\u5e0c\u671bachieve\u7684\u76ee\u6807\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\uff1aBBB \u540c\u4e0a
\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\uff1aCCC \u540c\u4e0a\u4e0a
\u7b2c\u4e94\u6bb5\uff1aMoving forward
\u7b2c\u516d\u6bb5\uff1awhy [program name] and why [school name]
References
\u6211\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0e\u6211\u672a\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u65b9\u5411\u7279\u522b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6982\u62ec\u4f4f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u9996\u5148\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027/\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u6211\u53d7\u5230\u4e86xx\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8bdd\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002
UCSD \u7ed9\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u5bfc \u4e94\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898 - How did you become interested in this field? - What experiences have contributed toward your preparation for further study in this field? - What are your future goals? - What are your research interests? - How are you a \"match\" for the program to which you are applying? \u5176\u5b83\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684 - Give examples of personal attributes or qualities that would help you complete graduate study successfully. - Describe your determination to achieve your goals, your initiative and ability to develop ideas, and your ability to work independently. - Describe background characteristics that may have placed you at an educational disadvantage (English language learner, family economic history, lack of educational opportunity, disability, etc.). - Leave the reader believing that you are prepared for advanced academic work and will be successful in graduate school.
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_6","title":"\u81f4\u8c22","text":"\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4eba
\u7ed9\u8fc7\u6211\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u751f\u5efa\u8bae\u7684
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"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#emotion-timeline","title":"\u9644\u5f55\uff1aEmotion \u7248 \u6211\u7684 Timeline\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\u522b\u770b \u770b\u6211\u4e22\u4eba\uff09","text":"\u6211\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u771f\u7684\u597d\u6781\u9650\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a
"},{"location":"Other/apa/","title":"APA Format","text":"\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u5f15\u6587\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u51e0\u4e2a
APA\u683c\u5f0f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\uff08American Psychological Association\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0APA\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff08Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e1929\u5e74\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u65b0\u81f3\u7b2c\u4e03\u7248\uff0c\u603b\u9875\u6570\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7400\u9875\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u89c4\u8303\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u9875\u9762\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u884c\u95f4\u8ddd\u3001\u5b57\u4f53\u3001\u5b57\u53f7\u3001\u9875\u8fb9\u8ddd\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u56fe\u8868\u8868\u683c\\\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u6781\u4e3a\u5168\u9762\u3002APA\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5176\u89c4\u8303\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u5185\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\uff08Reference Citations in Text\uff09\u548c\u6587\u672b\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\uff08Reference List\uff09\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002
APA\u683c\u5f0f\u5f3a\u8c03\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff08Time of the Publication Year\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u5927\u6ce8\u91cd\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u65f6\u5e38\u5c06\u51fa\u7248\u5e74\u4ee3\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4f5c\u8005\u7f29\u5199\u7684\u540d\uff08the Initial of Author\u2019s First Name\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\u3002
\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u5185\u6587\u732e\u5f15\u7528\uff08ReferenceCitations in Text\uff09
1.\u5355\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005
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A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005). Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
2.\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005
\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u6c0f\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u82e5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u5728\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\u95f4\u9700\u52a0\u4e0a\u201c&\u201d\u7b26\u53f7\uff1b\u82e5\u4e0d\u5728\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u5219\u4f7f\u7528\u201cand\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling & Liu, 2005). Pauling and Liu (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
3.\u4e09\u81f3\u4e94\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u5217\u4e3e\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u540e\u82e5\u5f15\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4e3e\u51fa\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u201cet al.\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u7686\u987b\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, Liu, & Guo, 2005). Pauling, Liu, and Guo (2005) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism. A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling et al., 2005).
4.\u516d\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a
\u4e3e\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5e94\u4e3a\u201c\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u00a0et al.\uff0c\u5e74\u4efd\uff09\u201d\u3002\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u7686\u987b\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Pauling et al. (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism.
5.\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005
\u82e5\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u591a\u7bc7\u4f60\u60f3\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u6765\u533a\u9694\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u53d1\u8868\u5e74\u4efd\uff08\u6700\u65e9\u5230\u6700\u665a\u4f9d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff09\u3002\u82e5\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u732e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u5e74\u4efd\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0aa\u3001b\u3001c\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u6807\u6ce8\u3002\uff08\u6309\uff1aabc\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u7684\u7f16\u6392\u4ee5\u6807\u9898\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\uff09\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2004, 2005a, 2005b). Pauling (2004, 2005a, 2005b) conducted a study that discovered a possible genetic cause of alcoholism
6.\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u591a\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005
\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53f7\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u5148\u4f9d\u7167\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u53d1\u8868\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Alford, 1995; Pauling, 2004, 2005; Sirkis, 2003)
7.\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8ff0
\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u65e0\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u6837\u4e3a\u201c\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u9875\u6570\uff09\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
When asked why his behavior had changed so dramatically, Max simply said \u201cI think it\u2019s the reinforcement\u201d (Pauling, 2004, p. 69).
\u4e8c\u3001\u6587\u672b\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\uff08Reference List\uff09
\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u90e8\u5206\uff0cAPA\u683c\u5f0f\u89c4\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u59d3\uff08Family name\uff09\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u6765\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u540d\uff08first name\uff09\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u3002
1.\u5355\u4e00\u4f5c\u8005\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Sheril, R. D. (1956).\u00a0The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
2.\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5408\u8457\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992).\u00a0Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an enigma. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University Press.
3.\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.),\u00a0Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in application\u00a0(pp. 42\u201364). London: OtherWorld Books.
4.\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God\u2019s long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change?\u00a0Canadian Change, 64(7), 34\u201337.
5.\u6708\u520a\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today\u2019s schools.\u00a0Time, 135, 28-31.
6.\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). Misquotes are \u201cProblematastic\u201d says Mayor.\u00a0Toronto Sol.,\u00a04.
7.\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u732e
Revenue Canada. (2001).\u00a0Advanced gouging: Manual for employees\u00a0(MP 65\u2013347/1124). Ottawa: Minister of Immigration and Revenue.
8.\u9488\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u6587\u732e\u3001\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\uff0cAPA\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u6709\u8ba2\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6587\u732e\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u6709\u6548\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6765\u6e90\u3002
\u2474\u00a0\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6253\u5370\u7248\u672c
Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black and white [Electronic version].Journal of Pointless Research, 11,123\u2013124.
\u2475\u00a0\u7535\u5b50\u671f\u520a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u7248\u7684\u671f\u520a\uff09
Blofeld, E. S. (1994, March 1). Expressing oneself through Persian cats and modern architecture.Felines & Felons, 4,Article 0046g. Retrieved October 3, 1999, from\u00a0\u7f51\u9875\u5730\u5740.
\u2476\u00a0\u7535\u5b50\u77ed\u4fe1\uff08newsletter\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0
Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., et al. (1957, July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update.Off the beaten path, 7(3). Retrieved October 3, 1999, from\u00a0\u7f51\u9875\u5730\u5740.
\u2477\u00a0\u5355\u7bc7\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6587\u732e\uff08\u65e0\u4f5c\u8005\u53ca\u8457\u4f5c\u65e5\u671f\uff09
What I did today.(n.d.). Retrieved August 21, 2002, from\u00a0\u7f51\u9875\u5730\u5740.
\u2478\u00a0\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6216\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6587\u732e
Rogers, B. (2078).Faster-than-light travel: What we\u2019ve learned in the first twenty years.Retrieved August 24, 2079, from Mars University, Institute for Martian Studies Web site:\u00a0\u7f51\u9875\u5730\u5740.
\u2479\u00a0\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u641c\u5bfb\u7684\u671f\u520a\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u7248\u672c\uff083\u81f35\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff09
Costanza, G., Seinfeld, J., Benes, E., Kramer, C., & Peterman, J. (1993).\u00a0Minuti\u00e6 and insignificant observations from the nineteen-nineties.Journal about Nothing, 52,475\u2013649. Retrieved October 31, 1999,\u00a0from NoTHINGJournals database.
\u247a\u00a0\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u901a\u8baf\uff08\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u6807\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
(A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001).
9.\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8e\u5149\u789f\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d
Nix, G. (2002).\u00a0Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr\u00a0[CD].\u00a0New York: Random House/Listening Library.
10.\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8e\u5f55\u97f3\u5e26\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d
Nix, G. (2002).\u00a0Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr\u00a0[Cassette Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]\u3002New York: Random House/Listening Library.
APA\u683c\u5f0f\u8303\u6587\u53ef\u6d4f\u89c8\u7f51\u9875\uff1a
MLA Sample Essay
\u5176\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u53ef\u53c2\u770b\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5927\u536b\u2022W\u2022\u8c6a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff08David W. Howe Memorial Library of THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT Libraries\uff09\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u201cAPA (American Psychological Association) Style\u201d\u7f51\u9875\uff08\u7f51\u5740\uff1a
APA (American Psychological Association) Style | Howe Library
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/","title":"NLP Global PHD Equality Digest (\u642c\u8fd0)","text":"\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81eahttps://github.com/zhijing-jin/nlp-phd-global-equality
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_1","title":"\u9996\u63a8\u8d44\u6e90","text":"(John Hewitt, PhD@Stanford)\u00a0Undergrad to PhD, or not - advice for undergrads interested in research\u00a0(2018). [Suggestions]
\u7a77\u548c\u4e0d\u806a\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u7531
\u7533\u8bf7\u524d\u76848\u6708\u52309\u6708\u8981\u5199\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SOP\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u505a\u600e\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u57288\u6708\u8981\u8054\u7cfb\u597d\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1
(Prof Jason Eisner@JHU)\u00a0Advice for Research Students\u00a0(last updated: 2021). [List of suggestions]
Interesting snippets: \"Goal-driven. Develop a vision of some new AI capabilities you\u2019d like to achieve, and solve problems that bring you closer to that goal.\", \"If you are working on incremental ideas, be aware that their usefulness depends on their complexity.\", \"Consider how the biggests bursts of impactful work tend to be tightly clustered in a small number of research groups and institutions. That\u2019s not because these people are dramatically smarter than everyone else, it\u2019s because they have a higher density of expertise and perspective, which puts them a little ahead of the rest of the community, and thus they dominate in generating new results.\", \"Early on in your career, I recommend splitting your time about evenly between textbooks and papers. You should choose a small set of relevant textbooks and theses to gradually work through, and you should also reimplement the models and algorithms from your favorite papers.\" 3. (Prof Fei-Fei Li@Stanford)\u00a0De-Mystifying Good Research and Good Papers\u00a0(2014). [Suggestions]
Interesting snippets: \"This means publishing papers is NOT about \u201cthis has not been published or written before, let me do it\u201d, nor is it about \u201clet me find an arcane little problem that can get me an easy poster\u201d. It\u2019s about \u201cif I do this, I could offer a better solution to this important problem,\u201d or \u201cif I do this, I could add a genuinely new and important piece of knowledge to the field.\u201d You should always conduct research with the goal that it could be directly used by many people (or industry). In other words, your research topic should have many \u2018customers\u2019, and your solution would be the one they want to use. A good research project is not about the past (i.e. obtaining a higher performance than the previous N papers). It\u2019s\u00a0about the future (i.e. inspiring N future papers to follow and cite you, N->\\inf).\"
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_10","title":"\u8bfb\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5de5\u5177","text":"\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed\uff1a
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_13","title":"\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_14","title":"\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u6559\u804c\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5bfc\u5e08\uff1f","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#nlp","title":"\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u89c4\u5212NLP\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6daf","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_15","title":"\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_16","title":"\u5f15\u7528","text":"@misc{resources2021jin,\n author = {Zhijing Jin},\n title = {Resources to Help Global Equality for PhDs in NLP},\n year = {2021},\n publisher = {GitHub},\n journal = {GitHub repository},\n howpublished = {\\url{https://github.com/zhijing-jin/nlp-phd-global-equality}}\n}\nGoogle\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684playground\u505a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4ee3\u7801
Machine Learning \u00a0|\u00a0 Google for Developers
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#machine-learning-technology","title":"Machine Learning Technology","text":"TODO
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#deep-learning-theory","title":"Deep Learning Theory","text":"TODO
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#deep-learning-technology","title":"Deep Learning Technology","text":"Pytorch\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u7740\u4ee3\u7801\u624b\u6284\u4e00\u4e0b
Welcome to PyTorch Tutorials \u2014 PyTorch Tutorials 2.0.1+cu117 documentation
numpy: numpy 100 exercise
rougier/numpy-100: 100 numpy exercises (with solutions) (github.com)
Pytorch
PyTorch\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\uff08\u7edd\u5bf9\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\uff01\uff09\u3010\u5c0f\u571f\u5806\u3011_\u54d4\u54e9\u54d4\u54e9_bilibili
Attention-based Models and Transformer
Let's build GPT: from scratch, in code, spelled out. - YouTube
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#natural-language-processing-theory","title":"Natural Language Processing Theory","text":"Stanford CS224N: NLP with Deep Learning | Winter 2021 | Lecture 1 - Intro & Word Vectors - YouTube
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#natural-language-processing-technology","title":"Natural language processing technology","text":"Stanford CS 224N | Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#reinforcement-learning","title":"Reinforcement Learning","text":"\u8611\u83c7\u4e66EasyRL (datawhalechina.github.io)
Codes:
boyu-ai/Hands-on-RL: https://hrl.boyuai.com/ (github.com) datawhalechina/easy-rl: \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u6559\u7a0b\uff08\u8611\u83c7\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u9605\u8bfb\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps://datawhalechina.github.io/easy-rl/
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#computer-vision","title":"Computer Vision","text":"Computer Vision | Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen (uni-tuebingen.de)
"},{"location":"Other/portfolio/","title":"Portfolio for CMU METALS Application","text":"Hi there! \ud83d\udc4b
This site is a temporary portfolio for CMU METALS application.
"},{"location":"Other/portfolio/#frontend-works","title":"Frontend Works","text":"GlyphGun violence in US visualization
"},{"location":"Other/portfolio/#graphic-design","title":"Graphic Design","text":"Calendar Card1 Card2 Card3
logo
"},{"location":"Other/tools/","title":"\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff01","text":"
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\u4f18\u70b9/\u5de5\u5177 Notion Obsidian \u8bed\u6cd5 \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662fmarkdown \u7eafmarkdown \u4e66\u5199\u901f\u5ea6 \u6162 \u5feb \u6587\u6863\u6574\u9f50\u7a0b\u5ea6 \u9ad8 \u4f4e \u90e8\u7f72\u5230mkdocs\u96be\u6613 \u6613\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 \u96be\uff0c\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u5f88\u591a\u683c\u5f0f \u5bfc\u51fa\u4e2d\u6587\u652f\u6301\u7a0b\u5ea6 \u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5b57\u4f53\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u6587\u7f3a\u5b57 \u5b57\u4f53\u591a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u7684 workflow: \u5b8c\u5168\u629b\u5f03 Ob \u4e86\uff01
graph TD\n \u542c\u5199 --> Notion \n Notion -- \u6709\u65f6\u95f4 --> mkdocs\nTODO
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\u600e\u4e48\u5b66\uff1f - ZJU\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u8ba1\u5212 https://github.com/QSCTech/zju-icicles - \u56fe\u7075\u73ed\u8bfe\u7a0b\u901f\u901a\u8ba1\u5212 https://github.com/ZJU-Turing/TuringCourses - \u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u957f\u7684\u4f18\u8d28\u7b14\u8bb0 \u54b8\u9c7c\u6684\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4\uff01 - \u54b8\u9c7c\u6684\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4 (xuan-insr.github.io) - \u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u957f\u7684\u4f18\u8d28\u7b14\u8bb0 https://github.com/Zhang-Each/CourseNoteOfZJUSE
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\u7533\u8bf7PhD - \u6b27\u7f8eNLP\u5708\u5bf9PhD\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u5efa\u8bae https://github.com/zhijing-jin/nlp-phd-global-equality - \u4e86\u89e3\u5b66\u79d1\u4f18\u52bf\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u5bfc\u5e08 CSRankings: Computer Science Rankings - \u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u4e2aTwitter\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8NLP\u5708\u7684PhD\u548cAP\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7533\u8bf7\u673a\u4f1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4eceAndrew Ng\u3001Christopher Manning\u3001Geoffrey Hinton\u8fd9\u79cd\u8001\u6559\u6388\u5173\u6ce8\u8d77\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u6837\u6765\u641e\u3002 - \u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u4ea9\u4e09\u5206\u5730/CC98/\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7/\u77e5\u4e4e\u7684\u62db\u751f\u4fe1\u606f
"},{"location":"Other/zju_ling_cs/#_16","title":"\u6295\u9012\u6691\u7814\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879","text":"\u6d41\u7a0b\u540c\u7533\u8bf7PhD \u5df2\u7ecf\u719f\u8bc6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u63a8\u8350\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\uff1b\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u81ea\u5df1\u6d77\u6295\uff0c\u6295\u53d1\u5e03\u8fc7\u62db\u751f\u5e7f\u544a\u6216\u4e3b\u9875\u8868\u660e\u6b63\u5728\u62db\u751f\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u662f\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6295\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684PhD\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6691\u7814\u671f\u95f4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u8fd8\u662f\u8ddf\u7740PhD\u6253\u5de5\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8001\u5e08\u7ed9\u4f60\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\uff0c\u4e14\u4f60\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4e0b\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u5927\u3002 \u60f3\u53bb\u5317\u7f8e\u5c31\u5957\u5317\u7f8e\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u4e0d\u8981\u627e\u8df3\u677f\uff0c\u6709\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u7ebf\u4e0a\u6691\u7814\u4e5f\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u4f60\u4e00\u4f5c\uff0c\u65f6\u957f6\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u6c47\u62a5\u8fdb\u5ea6\u3002
"},{"location":"Other/zju_ling_cs/#_17","title":"\u6295\u9012\u5b9e\u4e60\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879","text":"\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u4e60 iff \u4f60\u6253\u7b97\u627e\u5de5or\u8bfb\u5b8c\u7855\u58eb\u627e\u5de5\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u5b66\u672f\u7c7bms\u548cPhD\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e60\u4e0d\u5f3a\u6c42\u3002
"},{"location":"Other/zju_ling_cs/#-xuan-insrgithubio","title":"- \ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\ud83c\udf08 \u603b\u89c8 - \u54b8\u9c7c\u6684\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4 (xuan-insr.github.io) \u627e\u6691\u671f\u5b9e\u4e60\u548c\u79cb\u62db\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e16","text":"http://www-cc98-org-s.webvpn.zju.edu.cn:8001/topic/4950730
"},{"location":"Other/zju_ling_cs/#_18","title":"\u5173\u4e8e\u7b14\u8005&\u8054\u7cfb\u7b14\u8005","text":"\u7b14\u8005\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u4ece\u82f1\u8bed\u4e13\u4e1a\u8f6cNLP\u89c4\u5212\u6700\u4e0d\u987a\u3001\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6700\u66f2\u6298\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u6863\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u529f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u628a\u6211\u8e29\u8fc7\u7684\u5751\u544a\u8bc9\u540e\u4eba\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u91cd\u8e48\u6211\u7684\u8986\u8f99\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6211\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u548c\u672c\u79d1\u8fc7\u5f97\u592a\u574e\u5777\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u60f3\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u5f1f\u5b66\u59b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u5207\u987a\u5229\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6211\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5e74\u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u5982\u679c\u65e9\u505a\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff09\u6bd4\u6211\u66f4\u5dee\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u8d70\u7684\u4eba\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u540e\u4eba\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8981\u8d8a\u8d70\u8d8a\u987a\u7684\u3002
\u5982\u6709\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u7591\u95ee\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u8054\u7cfb\u6211 RuoxiNing@outlook.com\u3002
"}]} \ No newline at end of file +{"config":{"lang":["ja"],"separator":"[\\s\\-\uff0c\u3002]+","pipeline":["stemmer"]},"docs":[{"location":"","title":"\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\ud83d\udcda Mini Babel Library","text":"La biblioteca de Babel
\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\uff08\u522b\u4eba\u7ba1\u5b83\u53eb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\uff09\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u516d\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u56de\u5eca\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u300d \u2014\u2014 Jorge Luis Borges (1939)
\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e2d\u6587\u5199\u7684BLOG\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e0d\u591a\uff01\u4ee5\u540e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\u7684\ud83d\ude24(\u51fa\u5904\ud83d\udd17) \u6b22\u8fce\u6765\u770b\u6211\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\uff01
"},{"location":"#page-table","title":"\u9875\u8868 Page Table","text":"\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u7b14\u8bb0/\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6700\u5927\u611f\u53d7\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u867d\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc4\u4f30\u91cc\u9762\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4e1c\u897f\u4ece\u800c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u4e0d\u8981\u70b9\u5f00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f30\u8ba1\u5728\u671f\u672b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5e94\u8be5\u82b1\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u4e60\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u80fd\u8bfb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684pagetable\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\u4ece\u4fa7\u8fb9\u680f\u6e38\u8d70\u8fdb\u672c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5783\u573e\u5806\u6f29\u6da1\ud83c\udf00\ud83c\udf0a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u6216\u8005\u5411\u6211\u63d0issue\u50ac\u6211\u6539 \u8c22\u8c22\uff01
\ud83d\udd34 \ud83d\udfe1 \ud83d\udfe2 \ud83d\udd17 \u5199\u5f97\u5f88\u70c2\u6216\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u5199\u4e86 \u5728\u5199\u7684\u4e14\u6709\u751f\u4e4b\u5e74\u4f1a\u5199\u5b8c\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\uff01 \u540c\u7c7b\u4e00\u6837\u597d\u6216\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90"},{"location":"#cs-notes","title":"\ud83d\udcbb CS Notes","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u8bfe.. \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00 \ud83d\udd34C\u5c16 \ud83d\udd34C++ \ud83d\udd17\u8431\u5b9d \ud83d\udd34Verilog \ud83d\udd17HDLBits \ud83d\udd34Python \ud83d\udfe2x86\u6c47\u7f16 \u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66 \ud83d\udd34\u79bb\u6563\u6570\u5b66 \ud83d\udd17\u5706\u732b \ud83d\udfe1FDS \ud83d\udd34ADS \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba \ud83d\udd34\u7f16\u8bd1\u539f\u7406 \ud83d\udd17\u8431\u5b9d \u8f6f\u4ef6 \ud83d\udfe2OS \ud83d\udd17\u4fee\u52fe \ud83d\udfe1DBMS \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u7f51 \ud83d\udd34\u8f6f\u5de5 \u786c\u4ef6 \ud83d\udd34\u6570\u903b \ud83d\udd17\u4fee\u52fe \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u6982 \ud83d\udd34\u8ba1\u7ec4 \ud83d\udfe2\u4f53\u7cfb \u4e0d\u597d\u63cf\u8ff0 \ud83d\udd34\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u5de7 \ud83d\udfe1\u5199\u4e2a\u722c\u866b"},{"location":"#dl-notes","title":"\ud83c\udf93 DL Notes","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u8bfe.. DL \ud83d\udfe1RL CV NLP \ud83d\udd34Explainable NLP \ud83d\udd34Math Word Problem DM"},{"location":"#linguistics-notes","title":"\ud83c\udf33 Linguistics Notes","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u8bfe.. \u8bed\u8a00\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe1\u8bed\u97f3\u5b66 \ud83d\udd34\u97f3\u7cfb\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe1\u5f62\u6001\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe1\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66 \ud83d\udd17\u5706\u732b \ud83d\udfe2\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66 \ud83d\udfe2\u8bed\u7528\u5b66 \u4e0d\u597d\u63cf\u8ff0 \ud83d\udfe2\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66"},{"location":"#_1","title":"\ud83d\udcad \u8bf4\u778e\u8bdd\u4e86","text":"\u7c7b\u522b \u5e16\u5b50.. \u751f\u5b58\u7ecf\u9a8c.. ZJU\u751f\u5b58\u7ecf\u9a8c.. \ud83d\udfe2\u4ece\u82f1\u4e13\u8f6cCS\u548cNLP\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5e16 \u5347\u5b66\u7ecf\u9a8c.. \ud83d\udfe124fall\u7533\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f55"},{"location":"#_2","title":"\u8d44\u6e90\u6307\u8def","text":"\u7ad9 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u662f \u672c\u7ad9\uff1a# \u63ba\u6742\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0 + \u5fc3\u5f97 \u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a\ud83d\udd17ZJU_COURSE_MATERIALS \u5ba2\u89c2\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aZJU\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8d44\u6599\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1 \u53cb\u94fe \u6765\u81ea\u4e8e \u5185\u5bb9 \u63a8\u8350\u8bed mem \u7684\u5c0f\u7ad9 memset0 \u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\uff01 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7b14\u8bb0/ZJU \u8bfe\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0 \u8c22\u8c22\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u627e\u6211\u6362\u53cb\u94fe\u7684\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\uff01\u662f OIer\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b14\u8bb0\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8d44\u6e90"},{"location":"#_3","title":"\u8054\u7cfb\u4f5c\u8005","text":"\ud83d\udceb \u90ae\u7bb1 | \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbb \u4e3b\u9875
"},{"location":"CS/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5305\u62ec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b14\u8bb0
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/","title":"C\u5927\u7a0b libgraphics \u6587\u6863 \u4f7f\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55","text":"\u26a0\ufe0f \u6ca1\u5199\u5b8c TODO
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_1","title":"\u5df2\u77e5\u95ee\u9898","text":"\u2192\u4fee\u6539Makefile.win\uff0c\u5728\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u5165\uff08\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd9\u6b65\u4e0d\u52a0\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u884c\uff09
gratest1.o:gratest1.c\n$(CC) -c gratest1.c -o gratest1.o $(CFLAGS)\ngraphics.h \u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c11\u91cf\u753b\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3
InitGraphics();\nMovePen(x, y);\nDrawLine(dx, dy);\nDrawArc(r, start, sweep);\nGetWindowWidth();\nGetWindowHeight();\nGetCurrentX();\nGetCurrentY();\n\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_3","title":"\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"\u5728main.c\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5982\u4e0b\u521d\u59cb\u5316
#include \"graphics.h\"\n#include \"extragraph.h\"\n#include \"imgui.h\"\nvoid Main() // \u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u5199Main\n{\nSet WindowTitle(\"Your Title\");\nInitGraphics(); // \u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\n}\nInitGraphics(); \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_4","title":"\u7a97\u53e3","text":"\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8fd4\u56de\u7a97\u53e3\u5bbd\u3001\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f53\u524dX\u3001Y\u5750\u6807\u3002
GetWindowWidth();\nGetWindowHeight();\nGetCurrentX();\nGetCurrentY();\n\u5e94\u8be5\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e38\u91cf\u53d6\u540d\u5b57
#define HouseHeight 2.0\n#define HouseWidth 3.0\n#define AtticHeight 0.7\n#define DoorWidth 0.4\n#define DoorKnobRadius 0.03\n#define DoorKnobInset 0.07\n#define PaneHeight 0.25\n#define PaneWidth 0.2\n#define FirstFloorWindows 0.3\n#define SecondFloorWindows 1.25\n\u5c06\u7b14\u79fb\u52a8\u5230(x, y)\u8be5\u5750\u6807\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5f53\u753b\u56fe\u5f62\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u79fb\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u7b14\u5750\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u3002
MovePen(double x, double y);\n\u5728\u753b\u7ebf\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981MovePen();
DrawLine(double dx, double dy);\n\u753b\u7ebf\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff1a
\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f0\uff0c\u5411\u53f3\u589e\u5927
\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u6700\u4e0b\u9762\u662f0\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u589e\u5927
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8c61\u9650
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#drawarc","title":"DrawArc","text":"\u5728\u753b\u5f27\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981MovePen();
DrawArc(double r, double start, double sweep);\nvoid DrawBox (double x, double y, double width, double height)\n{\nMovePen(x, y);\nDrawLine(0, height);\nDrawLine(width, 0);\nDrawLine(0, height);\nDrawLine(-width, 0);\n}\nvoid DrawCenteredBox(double x, double y, double width, double height)\n{\nDrawBox(w - width/2, y - height/2, width, height);\n}\nvoid DrawCenteredCircle(double x, double y, double r)\n{\nMovePen(x + r, y);\nDrawArc(r, 0, 360);\n}\n\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f00\u59cb\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u4e32
DrawTextString(string);\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u957f\u5ea6
double stringLen = TextStringWidth(string); typedef void(* KeyboardEventCallback)(int key, int event);\nregisterTimerEvent(mytimer); //\u83b7\u53d6\u7535\u8111\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9mytimer\nstartTimer(0, (int)(1000/speed)); // \u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f20\u8fdb\u6765\u7684timer\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\nvoid TimerEventProcess(int timerID);\n\u793a\u4f8b
typedef enum\n{\nLabelTimer,\nBoxTimer,\n} MyTimer;\nvoid mytimer(int timerID)\n{\nswitch (timerID)\n{\ncase LabelTimer:\nlabel_x += 0.5;\nif (label_x > 5.0) label_x = 1.0;\ndisplay();\nbreak;\ncase BoxTimer:\nbox_y += 0.5;\nif (box_y > 5.0) box_y = 1.0;\ndisplay();\nbreak;\nbreak;\n}\n}\nregisterTimerEvent(mytimer);\nstartTimer(LabelTimer, 100);\nstartTimer(BoxTimer, 200);\nvoid MouseEventProcess(int x, int y, int button, int event);\nx, y - \u4f4d\u7f6e\u5750\u6807
button - \u6309\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u952e
event - \u6309\u4e0b\uff0c\u677e\u5f00\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6
void myMouseEvent (int x, int y, int button, int event)\n{\nmouse_x = ScaleXInches(x); // \u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5728extragraph\u5e93\u91cc\nmouse_y = ScaleYInches(y);\ndisplay();\n}\n\u9700\u8981\u5728Main()\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c
registerMouseEvent(myMouseEvent);\n\u5728display()\u91cc
void display()\n{\ndouble w = 1.0;\ndouble h = GetFontHeight() * 2;\n// \u6e05\u9664\u5c4f\u5e55\nDisplayClear();\n// draw a square\nSetPenColor(\"Red\");\ndrawLabel(label_x, label_y, \"Lable is Here\");\n//draw a rect/box to trace the mouse\n//drawRectangle(mouse_x, mouse_y, w, h, 0);\nSetPenColor(\"Blue\");\ndrawBox(mouse_x, mouse_y, w, h, 1, \"This box follows the mouse\", 'L', \"Red\");\n}\n#include \"linkedlist.h\"\n\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a linkedlist \u540d\u53eb g_polylines
linkedlistADT g_polylines = NULL;\ng_polylines = NewLinkedList();\ndisplay();\nvoid display()\n{\nlinkedlistADT poly = NextNode(g_polylines, g_polylines);\nSetPenColor(\"Blue\");\nif (poly) {\nPoint * p = (Point*) NodeObj(g_polylines, poly);\ndouble lx = p->x;\ndouble ly = p->y;\nMovePen(lx, ly);\nwhile (poly = NextNode(g_polylines, poly))\n{\np = (Point*) NodeObj(g_polylines, poly);\nDrawLine(p->x - lx, p->y - ly);\nlx = p->x;\nly = p->y;\n}\n}\n}\n\u8fd9\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5e93
#include <windows.h>\n#include <winuser.h>\n#include \"graphics.h\"\n#include \"extgraph.h\"\n#include \"imgui.h\"\n#include \"linkedlist.h\"\nvoid charEventProcess(char c);\nc - \u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u7b26\u7684ASCII\u7801
"},{"location":"CS/libgraphics/#_17","title":"\u952e\u76d8\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570","text":"void KeyboardEventProcess(int key, int event);\nkey - \u54ea\u4e2a\u952e
event - \u6309\u4e0b\u8fd8\u662f\u677e\u5f00
\u793a\u4f8b
\u5728Main()\u4e2d
\nvoid myKeyboardEvent(int key, int event)\n{\nuiGetKeyboard(key, event); // needed for using simpleGUI\ndisplay();\nswitch (event)\n{\ncase KEY_UP:\nif (key == VK_F1)\ng_add_point = !g_add_point;\nbreak;\ndefault:\nbreak;\n}\n}\n\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u989c\u8272\u5217\u8868
char colorlist[100][100] = {\u201dBlack\u201d, \u201cDark Gray\u201d, \u201cGray\u201d, \u201cLight Gary\u201d, \u201cWhite\u201d, \u201cBrown\u201d, \u201cRed\u201d, \u201cOrange\u201d, \u201cYellow\u201d, \u201cGreen\u201d, \u201cBlue\u201d, \u201cViolet\u201d, \u201cMagenta\u201d, \u201cCyan\u201d};\nconst int colorNumber = 14;\n\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u989c\u8272
\u989c\u8272\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u5165\u989c\u8272\u5e93\uff0cRGB\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u90fd\u662f[0, 1]\u800c\u4e0d\u662f[0, 256)
DefineColor(\"Color Name\", R, G, B);\nFailure
Lab\u5df2\u7ecf\u5168\u90e8\u6362\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e1a1: \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8f6c\u6362
\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u5168\u90e8\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u683c\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u3002
\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ed6\u6709\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e1a2: \u6253\u5370ASCII\u7801\u8868
\u8fdb\u5165\u56fe\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7ea2\u7684ascii\u7801\u548c\u7eff\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u7f16\u53f7\u3002
\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u5148\u628a\u4f4d\u79fb\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u518d\u586b\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u5f04\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u5341\u516d\u8fdb\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
\u4f5c\u4e1a3: \u7b80\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668
\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u8def\uff1a80386\u8bed\u6cd5\u5199\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u53d8\u91cf\u91cc
\u52a0\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u9ad8\u4f4d\u52a0\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f4d\u52a0\u4f4e\u4f4d
\u4e58\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u4e58\u4f4e\u4f4d\u548c\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f4d\u7ed3\u679c\u52a0\u8fdb\u4f4d
\u9664\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u9664\u9ad8\u4f4d\u548c\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff0c\u3002\u3002\u540e\u9762\u5fd8\u4e86
\u8f93\u51fa\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4f4d
\u4f5c\u4e1a4: C\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u770b\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16
\u4ed6\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2ac\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7528c\u548c\u6c47\u7f16\u5939\u5fc3\u8c03\u8bd5\u628ac\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6c47\u7f16\u3002
\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1a
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u4fdd\u5b58 + \u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 + \u5224\u65ad\u7ec8\u6b62 + \u64cd\u4f5c + \u50a8\u5b58 + \u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6 + \u8df3\u8f6c + \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u6062\u590d
\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u540dmytest.c
gcc -c -g -o mytest mytest.c\nobjdump -s -d main.o > main.o.txt\n\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801
gcc -g -c -o main.o main.c\nobjdump -S -d main.o > main.o.txt\n\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7
objdump -j .text -ld -C -S main.o > main.o.txt\n\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u6c47\u7f16
gcc -o main main.c\nobjdump -s -d main > main.txt\n\u540c\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801
gcc -g -o main main.c\nobjdump -S -d main > main.txt\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u586b\u7a7a\u9898(3\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u989810\u5206\uff0c\u517130\u5206)
\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528stack\u538b\u5165\u53c2\u6570 \u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fac\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff08\uff1f\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u538b\u5165\u987a\u5e8f\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\uff0ccaller\u6e05\u7406 pascal\uff0c\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\uff0ccallee\u6e05\u7406 stdcall\uff0c\u4ece\u53f3\u5230\u5de6\uff0ccaller\u6e05\u7406 \u90fd\u7528ax\u8fd4\u56de\u53c2\u6570 \u4e00\u822c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a7a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u3002\u3002 \u5148\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u4e00\u904d\u518d\u586b \uff08\u4e00\u822c20\u51e0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff09
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9605\u8bfb(2\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u98985\u5206\uff0c\u517110\u5206) \u4f1a\u95ee\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\uff08#\uff09\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u5230\u90fd\u8981\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u591a\uff09
\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u624b\u5199\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9898
\u91cd\u70b9\uff1a \u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u6846\u67b6\uff0cebp\u3002\u3002 \u9700\u8981\u770b\u61c2\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9012\u5f52\uff0c \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u586b\u7a7a\u4f1a\u51fa\u5355\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fb9\u89e3\u5bc6\u8fb9\u52a0\u5bc6\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002\u3002 \u4e0d\u4f1a\u8003\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_2","title":"\u590d\u4e60","text":""},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#intel-808680386-cpu","title":"Intel 8086/80386 CPU \u529f\u80fd\u7ed3\u6784","text":""},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_3","title":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f","text":"\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u5668\u4ef6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u603b\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u5404\u79cd\u5668\u4ef6\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#163280x86-view","title":"16\u4f4d\u548c32\u4f4d\u768480x86\u7684\u533a\u522b - \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfview","text":"1234h:0058h \u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740=12340h+0058h=12398h \u8865\u7801
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_5","title":"\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d","text":"\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\uff1aCF ZF SF OF AF PF \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff1aDF(direction flags) TF(trace/trap flag) IF(interrupt flag)
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_6","title":"\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1a","text":"\u5c0f\u7aef\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4f4e\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u9ad8\u5b57\u8282\u5728\u540e\u3002 \u8bbeds=1000h, bx=2000h, ax=1234h Mov ds:[bx], ax \u6267\u884c\u540e1000:2001\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u8282=12h
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_7","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"\u603b\u7ed3
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7c7b\u522b \u7528\u9014 AX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u4e58\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e58\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u3002\u53e6\u5916I/O\u6307\u4ee4\u5747\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0eI/O\u8bbe\u5907\u4f20\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002 BX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u6307\u4ee4\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\u5e38\u7528\u505a\u57fa\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5b58\u5165\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u6216\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6210\u5206 CX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5728\u5faa\u73af\u6307\u4ee4\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u8ba1\u6570 DX \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5728\u53cc\u5b57\u8282\u957f\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e0eAX\u6784\u621032\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0cDX\u4e3a\u9ad816\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9bI/O\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\uff0cDX\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740 SP \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u6808\u9876\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0eSS\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u6808\u9876\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740 BP \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5176\u6307\u5411\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e00\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5373\u63d0\u4f9b\u6808\u4e2d\u8be5\u5355\u5143\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u52a0\u6bb5\u524d\u7f00\u540e\uff0cBP\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u975e\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6307\u9488 SI \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4e0eDS\u8054\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u505a\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u65f6\uff0cSI\u6307\u793a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u51cf\u91cf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u53d8\u5740\u5bfb\u5740\u65f6\uff0cSI\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u79fb\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf DI \u6307\u9488\u53ca\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4e0eDS\u8054\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e2d\u67d0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u79fb\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\uff0c\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0cDI\u6307\u793a\u9644\u52a0\u6bb5\u4e2d\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u91cf\u548c\u51cf\u91cf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002 CS \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5b58\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u7801 DS \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u6216\u7ed3\u679c SS \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4ee5\u201c\u5148\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u201d\u4e3a\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6570\u636e\u533a ES \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u8f85\u52a9\u6570\u636e\u533a\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u4e32\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u6570\u636e IP \u63a7\u5236\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u6307\u5411\u5f53\u524d\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf FR \u63a7\u5236\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d "},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_8","title":"\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"IA-32\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u4e00\u5171\u67094\u4e2a32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd94\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f53\u4f5c16\u4f4d\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c8\u4f4d\u7528\u3002
AX BX CX DX\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a 8 \u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u72ec\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982 AX \u53ef\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a AH \u548c AL\uff0cBX \u62c6\u5206\u4e3a BH \u548c BL \u7b49\u3002H \u548c L \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u9ad8 8 \u4f4d\u548c\u4f4e 8 \u4f4d\u3002
AX(accumulator)\uff1a\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\u3002\u5728\u4e58\u9664\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001\u4e32\u8fd0\u7b97\u3001 I/O \u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1b BX (base)\uff1a\u57fa\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u6863\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002
CX (count)\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u3002
DX (data)\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5e38\u5e38\u548cEAX\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_9","title":"\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740
ESI(source index): \u6e90\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002
EDI(destination index)\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002
ESI\u548cEDI\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c
rep movs dword ptr[edi], dword ptr[esi];\n\u8fd9\u53e5\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u628aESI\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u590d\u5236\u5230EDI\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u5728ECX\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_10","title":"\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"ESP\uff08stack pointer\uff09\uff1a\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002SS\uff1aSP\u6307\u5411\u5806\u6808\u7684\u6808\u9876\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u867d\u7136\u662f\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u968f\u4fbf\u6539\u53d8SP\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cESP\u5b58\u653e\u5f53\u524d\u5806\u6808\u6808\u9876\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cESP\u548cEBP\u8054\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002 EBP\uff08base pointer\uff09\uff1a\u57fa\u5740\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u6808\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002 EIP\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u6808\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a
push ebp\nmov ebp, esp\nsub esp, 78\npush esi\npush edi\ncmp dword ptr [ebp+8], 0\nss\u6808\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 sp\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 bp\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6808\u5bfb\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_11","title":"\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668","text":"\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668EFLAGS\u4e00\u5171\u670932\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd932\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u7f16\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u7684\u3002
IP (instruction pointer)\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 CS \u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 IP \u662f 8086CPU \u4e2d\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f53\u524d\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u548c\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5373\u4efb\u610f\u65f6\u523b\uff0c8086CPU \u5c06 CS:IP \u6307\u5411\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5f53\u505a\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6bcf\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u7f13\u51b2\u5668\u540e\u3001\u6267\u884c\u524d\uff0cIP += \u6240\u8bfb\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee IP \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
FL (flags)\uff1a\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e5f\u6709 16 \u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ea\u7528\u5230\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 9 \u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9 9 \u4f4d\u5305\u62ec 6 \u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u5fd7\u548c 3 \u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u201c\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u201d\u3002
OF\uff08Overflow Flag\uff09:\u6ea2\u51fa\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6ea2\u51fa\u65f6\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\u53d8\u8d1f\uff0c\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d1f\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\u53d8\u6b63\u4f1a\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002#
DF \uff08Direction Flag\uff09:\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5728\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u30020:\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\uff0c1\uff1a\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u3002cld\uff0cstd\u3002#
IF (Interrupt Flag) :\u4e2d\u65ad\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7981\u6b62\u4e2d\u65ad0\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u65ad1\u3002cli\uff0csti\u3002#
AF (Auxiliary carry Flag) :\u8f85\u52a9\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u6709\u8fdb\u4f4d\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002
ZF (Zero Flag) :\u96f6\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a0\u65f6ZF\u4f4d\u4f4d\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002
SF (Sign Flag):\u7b26\u53f7\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002#
CF (Carry Flag): \u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8fdb\u4f4d\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002\u914d\u5957\u7684clc\uff0cstc\u4e24\u6761\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u6e05\u9664\u548c\u7f6e1\u3002#
PF (Parity Flag): \u5947\u5076\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e2d1\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0\u3002
TF\uff1a\u5355\u6b65\u8c03\u8bd5\u8981\u7528\u3002#
EFLAGS\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95eeEFLAGS\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u9690\u542b\u8bbf\u95eeEFLAGS\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
cmp dword ptr [ebp+8], 0. // \u5f71\u54cd\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dCF\uff0cZF\uff0cSF\uff0cOF\uff0cAF\u548cPF\nJz 99495898 //\u5982\u679cZF\u7b49\u4e8e1\uff0c\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c\u523000405898 \u603b\u7ed3
\u6307\u4ee4 \u4f5c\u7528 \u53c2\u6570 \u6539\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d mov \u8d4b\u503c \u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u503c\u3011 no xchg \u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362 \u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u3011\uff0c\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u3011 no push \u8fdb\u6808 \u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3011 pop \u51fa\u6808 \u76ee\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u3010\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3011 pushf \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8fdb\u6808 \u65e0 popf \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u51fa\u6808 \u65e0 lea Load effect address\uff0c\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u53d6\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740 lds \u5f53\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u662f16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u5341\u516d\u4f4d\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u53d6\u51fa\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570+2\u7684\u5341\u516d\u4f4d\u6570\u88c5\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u662f32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u65f6 \u628a\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u768432\u4f4d\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u88c5\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u7136\u540e\u628a \u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570+4 \u768416\u4f4d\u6570\u88c5\u5165\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002mem\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740,\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u5728DS\u4e2d,\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5b58\u653e\u5728reg\u4e2d. LDS reg,mem les \u628a\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\u5b57\u88c5\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3001\u9ad8\u4f4d\u5b57\u88c5\u5165ES\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002 cbw 8\u4f4d\u6570\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a16\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6269\u5145 no cwd \u5b57(16\u4f4d)\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\u53cc\u5b57(32\u4f4d)\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\uff1f no add \u52a0 OPRDS\uff0cOPRDD adc \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u52a0\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u542b\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dCF\u7684\u503c\uff0c=OPRDS\uff0bOPRDD\uff0bCF\uff09 OPRDS\uff0cOPRDD sub \u51cf OPRDD\uff0cOPRDS sbb \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u51cf\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u542b\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dCF\u7684\u503c\uff0c=OPRDD\uff0dOPRDS\uff0dCF\uff09 OPRDD\uff0cOPRDS inc \u81ea\u589e1 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 dec \u81ea\u51cf1 \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 mul 32\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aEAX\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e58\u79ef\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5728EDX\uff1aEAX\u4e2d 32\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 16\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aAX\u90a3\u4e48\u4e58\u79ef\u5c06\u653e\u5728DX\uff1aAX\u4e2di 16\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 8\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u4e58\u6570\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aAL\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e58\u79ef\u5c06\u653e\u5728AX 8\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 div 32\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\u5c06\u662fEDX\uff1aEAX\uff0c \u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5546\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5728EAX\uff0c \u4f59\u6570\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5728EDX\u4e2d 32\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 16\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\u4e3aEAX\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5546\u653e\u5728AX\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u653e\u5728EAX\u7684\u9ad816\u4f4d 16\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 8\u4f4d\uff1a\u88ab\u9664\u6570\u662f16\u4f4d\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5546\u5c06\u653e\u5728AL\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u653e\u5728AH\u4e2d 8\u4f4d\u4e58\u6570 imul \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u4e58 idiv \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u9664 xlat \u6362\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5bx\u4e3a\u9996\u5730\u5740\u7684\uff0c\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u4e3aal\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u9001\u7ed9al\u3002 in \u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u5199\u6307\u4ee4 IN AL,21H\uff1b\u8868\u793a\u4ece21H\u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u5230AL out \u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u5199\u6307\u4ee4 and \u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e or \u6309\u4f4d\u6216 xor \u6309\u4f4d\u5f02\u6216 not \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6309\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd neg \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u6309\u4f4d\u53d6\u53cd\u52a0\u4e00 test \u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6309\u4f4d\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0eand\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u76ee\u6807\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u503c\u3002 shl \u903b\u8f91\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u6216\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u79fb\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5199\u5165cf\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u4f4e\u4f4d\u75280\u8865\u5145\u3002 shr \u903b\u8f91\u53f3\u79fb\uff0c\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u6216\u5355\u5143\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5411\u5de6\u79fb\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u6700\u540e\u79fb\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u5199\u5165cf\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u75280\u8865\u5145\u3002 sal \u7b97\u672f\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0eshl\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u88650 sar \u7b97\u672f\u53f3\u79fb\uff0c\u4e0eshr\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7b97\u672f\u53f3\u79fb\u8865\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d rol \u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb ror \u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb rcl \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb\uff0c\u5de6\u79fb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u79fb\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u4f1a\u653e\u5728cf\uff1f rcr \u5e26\u8fdb\u4f4d\u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb cmp \u6bd4\u8f83 ja jump if above jb Jump if below jae Jump if above or equal jbe Jump if below or equal jg jump if greater\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5927\u4e8e\u8df3\u8f6c jl jump less\uff0c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u5c0f\u4e8e\u8df3\u8f6c jge jump if greater or equal jle Jump if less or equal jc jump if with carry, CF = 1 jnc jump if not with carry, CF = 0 je = jz jump if equal, ZF = 1 jne = jnz jump if not equal, ZF = 0 jz jump if zero, ZF = 1 jnz jump if not zero, ZF = 0 jcxz jump if cx equals zero js SF = 1 jns SF = 0 jo Jump if overflow, OF = 1 jno jump if not overflow, OF = 0 loop \u5faa\u73af \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08\uff1f\uff09\u540d clc clear carry flag\uff0c\u5c06cf\u4f4d\u6e05\u96f6 stc set carry flag\uff0cCF\u7f6e1 cli clear interrupt endable flag\uff0cIF\u6e05\u96f6\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u4e2d\u65ad sti set interrupt endable flag\uff0cIF\u7f6e\u4f4d1\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u4e2d\u65ad CMC complement carry flag\uff0cCF\u53d6\u53cd CLD clear direction flag\uff0cDF\u6e05\u96f6 STD set interrupt endable flag\uff0cDF\u7f6e1 call \u8fd1\u8c03\u7528 ret \u8fd1\u8fd4\u56de call far ptr \u8fdc\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e09\u4e2apush\u4e00\u4e2ajmp\u3002push f\uff0cpush cs\uff0cpush ip\uff0cjump retf \u8fdc\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e09\u4e2apop\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u2f64\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fee\u6539CS\u548cIP\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u2f7d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fdc\u8f6c\u79fb int \u4e2d\u65ad\u6307\u4ee4 iret \u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de jmp short \u6bb5\u5185\u77ed\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u77ed\u662f\u6307\u8981\u8df3\u2f84\u7684\u2f6c\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\u524d\u540e\u76f8\u5dee\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7128\u5b57\u8282 jmp near ptr \u6bb5\u5185\u8fd1\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd1\u662f\u6307\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u2f6c\u6807\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\u5728\u2f64\u2f00\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5185\uff0c\u5373CS\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u53ea\u6539\u53d8EIP\u7684\u503c jmp far ptr \u6bb5\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u8fdc\u6307\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u2f00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u53bb\u6267\u2f8f\uff0cCS/EIP\u90fd\u8981\u6539\u53d8 Jmp dword ptr \u6bb5\u95f4\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5355\u5143\u5904\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u2fbc\u5730\u5740\u5185\u5bb9\u4fee\u6539CS\uff0c\u4f4e\u5730\u5740\u5185\u5bb9 \u4fee\u6539IP\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u2f45\u5f0f\u7ed9\u51fa repe/renpe scasb \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u626b\u63cf\u6307\u4ee4\u3002cmp al, es:[di] di++; \u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3adi-- repne:\u5f53ECX!=0\u5e76\u4e14ZF==0\u65f6 \u91cd\u590d repe: cx != 0\u4e14zf != 0\u91cd\u590d repe/renpe cmpsb \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u2f50\u8f83byte ptr ds:[si]\u4e0ebyte ptr es:[di] \u5f53DF=0\u65f6\uff0cSI++\uff0cDI++ \u5f53DF=1\u65f6\uff0cSI--\uff0cDI-- repne:\u5f53ECX!=0\u5e76\u4e14ZF==0\u65f6 \u91cd\u590d repe: cx != 0\u4e14zf != 0\u91cd\u590d rep movsb \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u79fb\u52a8\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5176\u4e2drep\u8868\u793arepeat\uff0cs\u8868\u793astring\uff0cb\u8868\u793abyte \u5728\u6267\u2f8f\u6b64\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u8981\u505a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51c6\u5907\u2f2f\u4f5c\uff1a \u2460ds:si lodsb \u5757\u88c5\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u628aSI\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u8bfb\u5165\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\uff0clodsb\u5c31\u8bfb\u5165ax\uff0clodsw\u5c31\u8bfb\u5165ax\uff0c\u7136\u540esi\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c0f1\u62162 stosb/stosw/stosd SI\u6307\u5411\u7684\ud83d\udd17,\u5176\u4e2dLODSB\u662f\u8bfb\u5165AL, LODSW\u662f\u8bfb\u5165AX\u4e2d, \u7136\u540eSI\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c0f1\u62162\u4f4d.\u5f53\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dDF=0\u65f6\uff0c\u5219SI\u81ea\u52a8\u589e\u52a0\uff1bDF=1\u65f6\uff0cSI\u81ea\u52a8\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002 rep stosb lodsb"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_13","title":"\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4","text":"\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0CPU\u548c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u3002
mov
mov eax, 56 // \u5c0656H\u4f20\u9001\u5230eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\nmov esi, dword ptr [eax * 2 + 1] // \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3aeax*2+1\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5230esi\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\nmov ah, byte ptr [esi * 2 + eax] // \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3aesi*+eax\u5904\u76848\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u5230AH\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\nxchg
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f8\u5b57\u8282\u300116\u5b57\u8282\u621632\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u683c\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c
xchg eax, edx; // \u5c06edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u548ceax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4ea4\u6362\nxchg [esp-55], edi; // \u5c06edi\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u548c\u5806\u6808\u5730\u5740\u4e3a[esp-55]\u5904\u7684\u503c\u4ea4\u6362\npush pop
push\u548cpop\uff1a\u79f0\u4e3a\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u5f39\u51fa\u5806\u6808\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662fpush src(\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570)\u548cpop dst(\u76ee\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570)\uff0cpush\u6307\u4ee4\u548cpop\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5806\u6808\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002push\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06\u539f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570src\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp-4\uff08\u6808\u9876\u6307\u9488\u51cf\u4e00\u4e2a4\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u800cpop\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u5806\u6808\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u5f39\u51fa4\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6570\u503c\u7136\u540e\u653e\u5165dst\u3002\u572832\u4f4d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0cpush\u548cpop\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4ee54\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\uff0cpush\u548cpop\u6307\u4ee4\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2\u3002
push eax // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4ee54\u5b57\u8282\u538b\u5165\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp-4\npush dword ptr [12FF8589] // \u5c06\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5f39\u51fa\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3a12FF8589\u6240\u6307\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp+4\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\npop dword ptr [12FF8589] // \u5c06\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5f39\u51fa\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3a12FF8589\u6240\u6307\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp+4\npop eax // \u5c06\u5806\u6808\u9876\u90e8\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u5f39\u51fa\u5230eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u65f6esp+4\nx86\u67093\u6761\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fLEA\uff0cLDS\u548cLES\u3002\u5176\u5b9eLDS\u548cLES\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u572832\u4f4d\u7684windows\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u90fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0cLDS\u548cLES\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53ea\u6709LEA\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
LEA
\u79f0\u4e3a\u5730\u5740\u4f20\u9001\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u201cLEA DST, ADDR\u201d\u3002LEA\u5c06ADDR\u5730\u5740\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230DST\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dADDR\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u800cDST\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
lea eax, [12345678]; // \u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540eeax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4e3a12345678H\nmov eax, [12345678]; // \u800cmov eax, [12345678] \u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u540eeax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u574012345678\u6307\u5411\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\n// LEA\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\nlea ecx, [ecx + eax*4]; // ecx = ecx + eax * 4\n// \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u51faecx+eax*4\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5728[]\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0clea\u53d6\u5730\u5740\u540e\u5c31\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\n80x86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e868\u6761\u52a0\u51cf\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c4\u6761\u4e58\u9664\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
ADD\uff1a\u52a0\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4
add eax, esi; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u4e0aesi\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\nadd ebx, dword ptr[12345678] // \u5c06ebx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3a12345678\u6240\u5728\u76844\u5b57\u8282\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728ebx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\n// \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e2d\uff0cdword\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u572832\u4f4d\u7684windows\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2aword\u536016\u5b57\u8282\uff0cdword\u536032\u5b57\u8282\n// 64\u4f4d\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2aword\u536032\u5b57\u8282\uff0cdword\u536064\u5b57\u8282\nsub \u51cf\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4
sub ecx, 4H; // \u5c06ecx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u51cf\u53bb4H\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\nsub byte ptr[eax], ch; // \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u4e3aeax\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u548cch\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f8\u51cf\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6309\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\ninc\u52a01\u6307\u4ee4
inc eax; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u52a01\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ndec\u51cf1\u6307\u4ee4
dec edx; // \u5c06dec\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u51cf1\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5730\u65b9\ncmp\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4
\u79f0\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u201dcmp oper1, oper2\u201d
cmp\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06oper1\u51cf\u53bboper2\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668eflags\u7684cf\uff0cpf\uff0czf\uff0caf\uff0csf\u548cof\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668eflags\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u503c\u5f97\u77e5cmp\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c
cmp eax, 56H; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u51cf\u53bb56H\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668eflags\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\nneg
neg\uff1a\u53d6\u8865\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u662fneg oper
neg\u6307\u4ee4\u5c06oper\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53d6\u53cd\uff0c\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u5c060\u51cf\u53bboper\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u5728oper\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u3002
neg eax; \nmul imul
\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u4e58\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u4e58\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002mul\u6307\u4ee4\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u503c\u4e58oper\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u679c\u8d85\u8fc732\u4f4d\u5219\u9ad832\u4f4d\u4f7f\u7528edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0ceax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4fdd\u5b58\u4f4e32\u4f4d\u3002
mul edx; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u4e58\u4ee5edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\ndiv idiv
\u9664\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u9664\u6cd5\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
div ecx; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u63094\u5b57\u8282\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u9664\u4ee5ecx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5546\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\ndiv word ptr [esp+36]; // \u5c06eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\u6309word\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u9664\u4ee5\u5806\u6808\u5730\u5740\u4e3aesp+36\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5546\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728eax\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f59\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728edx\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\nBX BP SI DI
BX\uff1a
BP\uff1a
SI\uff1a
DI\uff1a
\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\uff1abx\uff0cbp\uff0csi\uff0cdi\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185
\u7f3a\u7701\u6bb5\u5740\uff1ads\u548css\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u6709bp\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662fss\uff0cbx\u4e00\u5b9a\u662fds
CS (code segment): \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002
DS (data segment)\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002
SS (stack segment)\uff1a\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002
ES (extra segment)\uff1a\u9644\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u9644\u52a0\u6bb5\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9644\u52a0\u6bb5\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e 2 \u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528 DS \u548c ES \u6307\u5411\u3002
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0cDOS \u4f1a\u628a ds \u548c es \u8d4b\u503c\u4e3a psp(program segment prefix) \u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u3002psp \u6bb5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9996\u4e2a\u6bb5\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a 100h \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u9014\u662f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5f53\u524d exe \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982 psp:80h \u5f00\u59cb\u5b58\u653e\u4e86 exe \u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002
\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\uff1a \u53ef\u4ee5\u2f64\u4f5c\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\uff1abx, bp, si, di [bx], [bp], [si], [di]\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740 [bx + si], [bp + si], [bx + di], [bp + di]\u6ce8\u610f\u524d\u2faf\u5fc5\u987b\u662fbx/bp\uff0c\u540e\u2faf\u5fc5\u987b\u662fdi/si [bx+2] [bp-2] [si+1] [di-1] [bx+si+2] [bx+di-2]
[bp+si+1] [bp+di-1] tips\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f8\u52a0\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u2f45\u5f0f\u4e2d, bx\u6216bp\u901a\u5e38\u2f64\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u2fb8\u5730\u5740, \u2f7dsi\u6216di\u5219\u2f64\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e0b \u6807\u3002
\u7f3a\u7701\u6bb5\u5740\uff1a\u4e0d\u542bbp\u7684\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u2f00\u822c\u90fd\u7701\u7565\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740ds\uff0c\u542b\u6709bp\u7684\u6e90\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7701\u7565\u4e86ss\uff0c\u2f7d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6bb5\u5730\u5740\u662f \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u7684
\u7528\u5806\u6808\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7528[bp+]\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff1f
bp + \u591a\u5c11\u5c31\u662f\u6808\u91cc\u7684\u591a\u5c11
\u738b\u723d\u300a\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u2f94\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7248 \u9644\u5f554:\u2f64\u6808\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570
difcube:\n mov bp, sp\n mov ax, [bp+4] ;a\u7684\u503c\u9001\u5165ax\u4e2d\n sub ax, [bp+6] ;\u51cf\u6808\u4e2db\u7684\u503c\n mov bp, ax\n mul bp\n mul bp\n pop bp\n ret 4\nIntel\u4ece16\u4f4d\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u56688086\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6574\u4e2aCPU\u82af\u7247\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u67098086\uff0c8088\uff0816\u4f4dCPU\uff09\uff0c80186\uff0c80286\uff08\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u662f\u8fc7\u6e21\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\uff0c 80386\uff0c80486\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u5404\u79cd\u578b\u53f7\u7684Pentium\u82af\u7247\uff0832\u4f4dCPU\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684x86\u90fd\u662f\u630732\u4f4dCPU
80386: 32\u4f4d\u6c47\u7f16\u3002
80836\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668(EAX EBX ECX EDX,ESP,EBP,ESI,EDI)
\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e0e8086\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u76f8\u6bd4,\u753116\u4f4d\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e8632\u4f4d
ESP:\u6808\u9876
EBP:\u6808\u5e95
EAX\uff0cEBX\uff0cECX\uff0cEDX\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
EAX\uff1a\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\uff08\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff09
EBX\uff1a\u57fa\u5740\uff08\uff3bEBX\uff0b100\uff28\uff3d\uff09
ECX\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8ba1\u6570\uff09
EDX\uff1a\u6570\u636e\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4EDX\uff0a10H\uff0b\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e\uff1b\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b58\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff09
ESI\uff0cEDI\uff1a\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
ESI\uff1a\u6e90\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
EDI\uff1a\u76ee\u7684\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3000\u4e0eEBX\u57fa\u5740\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528
"},{"location":"CS/x86assm/#_17","title":"\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e","text":"asm_sum.doc
xxjj\u7684\u300a\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u8003\u8bd5\u603b\u7ed3\u300b https://www.yuque.com/xianyuxuan/coding/mkte6u
[80386]80x86\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4_CarlosX\u7684\u535a\u5ba2-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2_80386\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6
80386 \u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4 (\u4e09) _ttzyanswer\u7684\u535a\u5ba2-CSDN\u535a\u5ba2
"},{"location":"CS/CA/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u6253\u7b97\u7a0d\u5fae\u5199\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\u7279\u522b\u5b8c\u6574\u7b14\u8bb0\u8d44\u6599 + \u6ca1\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7ec4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5355\u7eaf\u786c\u80cc\u901f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8bb0\u4e00\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u901f\u6210\u770b\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f
\u5f53\u7136\u9996\u5148\u82b1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5348\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u9a6c\u5fb7\u8ba1\u7ec4\u7684\u667a\u4e91 + xyx\u8ba1\u7ec4\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u8fb9\u5b66\u8fb9\u52a8\u7b14
\u8fd8\u6709\u6284 A4 \u7684\u89c4\u5212\u8bf7\u89c1\u6211 github \u90a3\u4e2a ZJU \u8d44\u6e90\u4ed3\u5e93
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599
\u8fd9\u5757\u5e38\u8003\u5927\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u5730\u5740\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 AMAT\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97 miss \u6b21\u6570\u7b49\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#cache_1","title":"cache \u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5","text":"Warning
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8bb0\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e86\u6253\u7b97\u7b49\u4e0a\u8ba1\u7ec4\u518d\u8865\u3002
\u7c7b\u522b \u89e3\u91ca \u6807\u8bb0\u9879\u7ed3\u6784 \u5730\u5740\u8ba1\u7b97 \u4f18\u70b9 \u7f3a\u70b9 direct-mapping \u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04 fully associative \u5168\u5173\u8054 2^n-set associative 2^n\u8def\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u8fd9\u5757\u5e38\u8003\u9009\u62e9\u3002
\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u7684\u56fe
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5177\u4f53\u8bb2\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\u9996\u5148\u56db\u5927\u7c7b\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8861\u91cf\u5185\u5b58\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a
\\[ Average\\space Memory\\_access\\space Time\\space (AMAT) = Hit\\_time + Miss\\_rate \\times Miss\\_penalty \\]\u9996\u5148\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5f53 CPU \u9700\u8981\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a - \u5982\u679c\u5728 cache \u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u751f cache hit\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u53ea\u6709 cache \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u65f6\u5373hit_time\u3002 - \u5982\u679c\u5728 cache \u91cc\u6ca1\u627e\u5230\uff08\u6b64\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a hit_time\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 hit_time \u662f 100% \u8981\u7528\u6389\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\uff0c\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\u7684\u7528\u65f6\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6240\u5360\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4 miss_rate \u4e58\u4e0a\u53bb\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u627e\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u8017\u65f6 miss_penalty\u3002
Note
\u5f53\u7136\u9898\u76ee\u91cc\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8bf4 \"cache \u548c memory \u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\"\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f cache \u548c memory \u4e00\u8d77\u627e\uff0c\u5982\u679c cache \u91cc\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u628a memory \u8bbf\u95ee\u6390\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728 miss \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u6bd4\u5148\u5728 cache \u91cc\u627e\u5b8c\u518d\u53bb memory \u627e\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8ba1\u7b97 AMAT \u5c31\u9700\u8981\u628a hit_time \u4e58\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a hit_rate\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f 100% \u7528\u6389\u4e86\u3002
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0cAMAT \u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u5927\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373 (1)\u964d\u4f4e hit_time (2)\u51cf\u5c0f miss_rate (3)\u51cf\u5c0f miss_penalty\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u53eb (4)\u505a\u5e76\u884c\u7684 cache\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u7684 PPT \u91cc\u7b2c(4)\u9879\u597d\u50cf\u4f1a\u62c6\u51fa\u4e24\u7c7b\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u6309\u603b\u5171\u56db\u79cd\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u6765\u5199\uff0c\u8ddf\u56fe\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8212\u670d\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#miss-penalty","title":"Miss Penalty","text":"Multilevel Caches
\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6a21\u578b\u662f
\u5c0f/\u5feb <---------------> \u5927/\u6162\n[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668] - [cache] - [\u5185\u5b58] - [\u5916\u5b58]\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u53d8\u6210
\u5c0f/\u5feb <---------------> \u5927/\u6162\n[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668] - [\u5c0fcache] - [\u5927cache] - [\u5185\u5b58] - [\u5916\u5b58]\nEarly Resart & Critical Word 1st
\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff09cache \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a block \u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a word \u7684\uff08\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u604d\u7136\u5927\u609f\u6709\u4e9b\u9898\u76ee\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\u201ccache \u6309 word \u7f16\u5740\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff09\uff0c\u800c block \u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5927\u4e8e cache \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u4f4d\u5bbd\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u60f3\u8981\u66ff\u6362\u4e00\u4e2a block\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728 cache \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u597d\u51e0\u8d9f\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a block \u66ff\u6362\u5b8c\u3002
\u4f46\u662f miss \u53d1\u751f\u65f6 CPU \u9700\u8981\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a word\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u628a CPU \u9700\u8981\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a word \u5199\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u8ba9 CPU \u5148\u7ee7\u7eed\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5728 CPU \u7ee7\u7eed\u8dd1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u518d\u628a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684 word \u5199\u8fdb cache\u3002
Priority to Read Miss
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 write buffer \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c write \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u8981 read\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4e0d\u5c06 buffer \u7684\u6570\u636e\u5199\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7b49\u5230read\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u76f4\u63a5\u4ecebuffer\u91cc\u8bfb\uff0c\u8bfb\u591a\u6b21\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u4ecebuffer\u91cc\u5199\u5185\u5b58\u3002
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cwrite buffer \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5728 cache \u548c\u5185\u5b58\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5185\u5b58\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u5199\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5199\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 cache \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5199\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5148\u642c\u5230 write buffer \u91cc\uff0c\u7136\u540e cache \u5148\u8dd1\u7740\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u53bb\u6162\u6162\u5199\u5165\u3002
Merging Write Buffer
\u540c\u6837\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 write buffer \u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002merging write buffer \u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u5728\u591a\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u56de\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u5199\u56de\u3002write buffer \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6309 byte \u7f16\u5740\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u4f4d\u5bbd\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u4e8e byte\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u56de\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a word\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5047\u5982 write buffer \u91cc\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u56db\u884c mem[200], mem[400], mem[208], mem[408]\uff0c\u5199\u56de\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u56db\u6b21\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a word \u91cc\u7684 byte \u5408\u5e76\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d8\u6210 mem[200] mem[208] \u548c mem[400] mem[408] \u4e24\u884c\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u5199\u56de\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5feb\u3002
Victim Caches
\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u51cf\u5c11 conflict miss \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u9875\u5148\u653e\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a victim cache \u7ed3\u6784\u3002victim cache \u4e0e cache \u662f\u5168\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ea7 cache\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4e00\u7ea7 cache \u6162\u7684 cache\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f conflict miss\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a victim cache \u91cc\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6bd4\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u53d6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#miss-rate","title":"Miss Rate","text":"\u8fd9\u4e00\u680f\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5728 cache \u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u53bb\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053 cache \u7684\u4e09\u79cd miss \u8fd8\u662f\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0cfrom \u738b\u9053\u8ba1\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684 2^n \u8def\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u80fd\u591f\u51e0\u4e4e\u517c\u5177\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5168\u5173\u8054\u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u3002
Larger Block Size
\u628a cache \u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5757\u5b58\u5f97\u4e1c\u897f\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136 miss_rate \u5c31\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0cmiss_penalty \u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5199\u8d77\u6765\u53d8\u6162\u4e86\u3002
Larger Cache Size
\u628a cache \u7684\u5757\u6570\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b58\u5f97\u4e1c\u897f\u4e5f\u591a\u4e86\uff0cmiss_rate \u5c31\u4e5f\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u51b7\u542f\u52a8 compulsory miss \u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e0a\u5347\u4e86\u3002
Higher Associativity
\u63d0\u5347\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u51cf\u5c11 cache \u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u88ab\u66ff\u6362\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11 conflict miss\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u589e\u52a0\u3002
Way-predicting Cache
\u5728\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f cache \u5177\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7684 tag \u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u53bb\u67e5\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u7ec4\u91cc\u54ea\u4e2a tag \u6bd4\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5148\u731c\u4e00\u4e2a tag \u5728 cache \u91cc\u627e\u7740\uff0c\u7b49 tag \u51c6\u5907\u597d\u540e\u5982\u679c\u731c\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8282\u7ea6\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5 hit\u3002
Pseudo-associative Caches
\u65e2\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u53c8\u662f\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6620\u5c04\u7684 cache\u3002\u9996\u5148\u628a cache \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04 cache\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u67e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e48\u67e5\uff0c\u6700\u5feb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd cache \u53c8\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5728 cache \u5757\u4e2d\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5757\uff0c\u5982\u679c miss \u4e86\u518d\u53bb\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684 hit_time \u548c2^n - 1\u4e2a\u5927\u7684 pseudo_hit_time\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e73\u5747\u6765\u8bf4 miss_rate \u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u6620\u5c04\u5c0f\uff0chit_time \u6bd4\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u6620\u5c04\u5c0f\u3002
Compiler Techniques Reduce Cache Misses
\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4f8b\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53eb Merging Arrays, Loop Interchange, Blocking, \u548c Loop Merging\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u3002
Merging Arrays
\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u662fa[100], b[100], \u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u8fde\u7eed\u8bbf\u95eea[i] b[i]\u5373\u4e0b\u6807\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u9879\uff0ccache\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u653e\u4e0d\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u4ea4\u66ff\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u653e\u5230cache\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6570\u7ec4struct ab { a[100], b[100] }\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837 cache \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a a \u548c b \u76f8\u90bb\u5730\u62ff\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u51cf\u5c11miss\u3002
Loop Interchange
e.g.
/* Before: \u5916\u884c\u5185\u5217\uff0c\u4e00\u884c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u653e\u8fdb\u5185\u5b58 */\nfor (k = 0; k < 100; k = k+1)\nfor (j = 0; j < 100; j = j+1)\nfor (i = 0; i < 5000; i = i+1)\nM[i][j] = 2 * M[i][j];\n/* After: \u5916\u5217\u5185\u884c */\nfor (k = 0; k < 100; k = k+1)\nfor (i = 0; i < 5000; i = i+1)\nfor (j = 0; j < 100; j = j+1)\nM[i][j] = 2 * M[i][j];\n\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684cache\u547d\u4e2d\u7387\u53d8\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u540e\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u884c\u5bf9\u9f50\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u7ef4\u662f\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u3002
Blocking
\u9002\u5f53\u62c6\u5206\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u914d\u5408cache\u5927\u5c0f\u3002e.g. \u77e9\u9635\u76f8\u4e58\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002
/* Before */\nfor (i = 0; i < N: i += 1)\nfor (j = 0; j < N; j += 1) {\nr = 0; for (k = 0; k < N; k +=1 )\nr = r + y[i][k] * z[k][j]; }\n/* After */\nfor (jj = 0 ; jj < N; jj = jj+B)\nfor (kk = 0; kk < N; kk = kk +B) {\n// ...\u8bb0\u4e0d\u6e05\u4e86\nfor (ii = 0; ii < B; ii ++) {\n// \u603b\u4e4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5c42\u5faa\u73af\u53ea\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a B * B \u7684 block\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d block \u662f cache \u80fd\u653e\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\n}\n}\n\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u6bcf\u6b21\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a block \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
Loop Merging
\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8d77\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u5f00\u4e24\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e86\uff0c\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#parallelism","title":"Parallelism","text":"Non-blocking Caches
cache miss\u65f6, \u7b49\u5f85\u5185\u5b58\u5199\u56de\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u522b\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u7b49\u5f85\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u522b\u7684\u5757\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u522b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5904\u7406write miss\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5904\u7406read hit\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8eout of order\uff08\u4e71\u5e8f\uff09\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u3002
ppt \u7ed9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1aallows cache to continues to supply hits while processing read misses (hit under miss, hit under multiple miss)
Hardware Prefetching of Instr/Data
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u786c\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u9884\u53d6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c branch-prediction \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u5e76\u63d0\u524d\u53d6\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5230cache\u91cc\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528prefetching\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u7684\uff0ccache \u4e5f\u662f non-blocking \u7684\u3002
Compiler Controlled Prefetching
\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6761\u9884\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u548c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u653e\u5230cache\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap2/#hit-time","title":"Hit Time","text":"Small & Simple Caches
\u6bd4\u5982\u5c31\u9488\u5bf9 cache \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f cache \u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5408\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684 cache \u4e09\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5b83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u53d8\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u3002
Avoiding Address Translation
\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5206\u522b\u56de\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b cache \u6807\u8bb0\u4f4d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c OS \u91cc\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 cache \u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u90fd\u662f \"physically tagged, virtually indexed\"(PTVI)\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u627e cache block \u7684 tag \u6574\u4e2a\u5168\u90fd\u5728 page offset \u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757 offset \u5b57\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 page number \u9700\u8981\u9001\u8fdb tlb \u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u7269\u7406\u5e27\u53f7\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f cache \u7b49\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5e27\u53f7\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u3001\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b8c\u518d\u53bb\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u5c31\u592a\u6162\u4e86\u3002\u65e2\u7136 tag \u4e0d\u7528\u7b49\u5230\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c31\u80fd\u62ff\u5230\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5730\u5740\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c cache \u67e5\u627e\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002
Pipelined Cache Access
\u56e0\u4e3a cache management unit \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u4e3a\u597d\u591a\u6b65\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6bcf\u6b65\u53bb\u50cf\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u4e00\u6837\u5e76\u884c\u3002\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4 hit_time \u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u597d\u5904\u662f\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6307\u4ee4 miss \u65f6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u3002
Multi-banked Cache
\u5c06\u591a\u8def\u7ec4\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8def\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u884c\u3002
ppt \u7ed9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1acache is divided into independent banks that can support simultateous accesses like interleaved memory banks.
Trace Cache
\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6d41\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u5feb\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9884\u53d6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5206\u652f\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53bb\u9884\u6d4b\u91cc cache \u4e0d\u4f1a\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8282\u7701\u4e86 cache \u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5728 cache \u4e2d\u4e5f\u76f8\u90bb\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u628a prediction \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u9001\u7ed9\u4e86 cache\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u652f\u9884\u6d4b\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 cache \u5c31\u53bb\u9884\u53d6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5206\u652f\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/","title":"chap3: Instruction-level Parallelism (ILP)","text":""},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/#_1","title":"\u76ee\u5f55","text":"Note
\u662f\u5199\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\u70b9\u4e86\u54c8\u3002\u5199\u4e0d\u52a8\u4e86\u3002\u8981\u4e0d\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u8ba1\u7ec4\u738b\u9053\u597d\u4e86\u3002
\u4e09\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89
\u6570\u636e\u7ade\u4e89 Data Hazard \u5206\u4e3a\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0b\u9762\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u201c\u672c\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 RAW \u5c31\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u5148\u5199\u540e\u8bfb\u3002\uff09
\u7ed3\u6784\u7ade\u4e89 Structural Hazard \u662f\u6307\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a Function Unit\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u624d\u80fd\u7b97\u5b8c\u7684 ALU\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8be5 Function Unit \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5c31\u5f97\u7b49\u5148\u6765\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7b97\u5b8c\u624d\u80fd\u53bb\u7b97\u3002
\u63a7\u5236\u7ade\u4e89 Control Hazard \u662f\u6307\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u8df3\u8f6c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u8df3\u8f6c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u624d\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u8df3\u4e0d\u8df3\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u505c\u4e0b\u7b49\u3002
\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u7c7b\u578b
\u5355\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf \u4ee5\u8017\u65f6\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7528\u65f6\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u8dd1\u5b8c\u7528\u65f6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a(\u6307\u4ee4\u6570 + \u9636\u6bb5\u6570 - 1) * \u673a\u5668\u5468\u671f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u524d n-1 \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u4ee4\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002
\u591a\u5468\u671f\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf \u4f1a\u8003\u586b\u8868\u9898\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u4e58\u6cd5\u7b49 6 \u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u9664\u6cd5\u7b49 24 \u4e2a\u7684\u3002lab \u91cc\u4f1a\u590d\u4e60\u5230\u3002
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0b\u56fe\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd
\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6ce8\u610f\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u7684 CPI \u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e\u8fd8\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e 1\u3002\u6211\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/#ilp_1","title":"ILP \u5728\u4f53\u7cfb\u91cc\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5","text":"Note
\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u5757\u8be5\u5199\u7684\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5199\u4e0d\u52a8\u4e86
\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb bing \u641c\u7d22 (1)Scoreboard, (2)Tomasulo, (3)Tomasulo w speculation, \u53bb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5357\u5927\u540c\u5b66\u5199\u7684\u77e5\u4e4e\u5e16\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u770b\u8fd9\u5957\u5e16\u5b50\u770b\u61c2\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u6709 lab \u91cc\u8fd9\u5757\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u3002
\u8bf7\u518d\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8d44\u6599\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e ISSUE \u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f - Scoreboard: \u9700\u8981\u7684 Function Unit \u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u5199\u7684 Reg State \u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd8\u51c6\u5907\u5199\uff08\u907f\u514d WAW\uff09\u65f6\u3002 - Tomasulo: Reservation Station \u6709\u7a7a\u65f6\u3002 - Tomasulo w ROB (\u5373 w speculation): Reservation Station \u548c ROB \u90fd\u7a7a\u65f6\u3002
Warning
\u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0 Tomasulo w ROB \u4f3c\u4e4e\u8ddf\u6211\u8003\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u671f\u672b\u9898\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7b49\u540e\u4eba\u6765\u4e3a\u6211\u6307\u51fa
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap3/#branch-prediction","title":"Branch prediction","text":"\u56de\u5fc6 control hazard\uff0c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf CPU \u9047\u5230\u8df3\u8f6c\u8bed\u53e5\u5982\u679c\u5224\u65ad\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u624d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8ba9 CPU \u968f\u4fbf\u5148\u731c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f80\u4e0b\u8d70\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u53d1\u73b0\u731c\u9519\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u4e0d\u4e86\u518d\u6390\u6389\uff0c\u731c\u5bf9\u4e86\u90a3\u5c31\u8282\u7ea6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\u3002
\u731c\u7684\u6839\u636e\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7a0b\u5e8f\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08branch taken\uff09\u548c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff08branch not taken\uff09\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u5360\u5230 90% \u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u4e4b\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u8df3\u8f6c\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u8df3\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u8bed\u53e5\u4e5f\u5927\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u8df3\u3002
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u673a\uff0c\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u7f16\u7801 00(\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8df3) 01(\u5e94\u8be5\u8df3\u5427) 10(\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u8df3\u5427) 11(\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8df3)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5728 00 \u548c 01 \u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4e5f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u5728 10 \u548c 11 \u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u8df3\u8f6c\u3002
\u800c\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1a
Note
\u6211\u77e5\u9053 mkdocs \u5e94\u8be5\u6e32\u4e0d\u4e86 mermaid\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u61d2\uff0c\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u8111\u6e32\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u3002\u6216\u8005\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u8001\u5e08 ppt\u3002\u3002\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ea2\u7ea2\u84dd\u84dd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u673a
graph LR\n00 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 00\n00 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 01\n01 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 00\n01 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 10\n10 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 01\n10 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 11\n11 --(\u672c\u6b21\u8df3\u4e86)--> 10\n11 --(\u672c\u6b21\u6ca1\u8df3)--> 11\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u9898\u4f1a\u8003\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684 branch prediction\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5931\u8bef\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap5/","title":"chap5: Thread-level Parallelism","text":""},{"location":"CS/CA/chap5/#_1","title":"\u76ee\u5f55","text":"\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed
Note
\u8ba1\u7ec4\u738b\u9053\u6709\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u738b\u9053\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u59dc\u8001\u5e08 ppt \u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u8868\u683c\u3002
\u6982\u5ff5 \u5168\u540d \u7279\u70b9 \u4f18\u70b9 UMA uniform memory access \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230 memory \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u81f4 NUMA non-uniform memory access \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5230 memory \u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5feb\uff0c\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6162 \u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5f3acache \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u672f\u8bed
\u5982\u679c CPU \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u6838\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c CPU \u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a cache\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f7f cache \u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u5199\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u6838/\u8282\u70b9\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3002
\u672f\u8bed \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u5728 ppt \u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u592a\u51c6\u786e\uff09 \u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u662f\uff08\u8fd9\u680f from \u8bfe\u672c\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09 coherence Memory accesses executed by each processor were kept in order. reads and writes to the same location consistency Memory accesses among different processors were interleaved. reads and writes wrt other memory locations"},{"location":"CS/CA/chap5/#cache_1","title":"\u8fbe\u6210 cache \u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae","text":"Note
\u806a\u660e\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u60f3\u5199\u4e86
Snooping\u534f\u8bae
Note
\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u73ed\u8001\u5e08 ppt \u5b66\u4e60\uff1aMOESI \u72b6\u6001\u673a + \u4f8b\u9898\u8868\u683c \u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe
Directory\u534f\u8bae
Note
\u8bf7\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u73ed\u8001\u5e08 ppt \u5b66\u4e60: \u4f8b\u9898\u8868\u683c \u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/","title":"Courses \u542c\u8bfe","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#cs106bcs106l","title":"\u5173\u4e8eCS106B\u548cCS106L","text":"CS106B\u504f\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8eZJU\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784+C++\u7684STL\u7528\u6cd5\u4e00\u5757\u8bb2\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u518d\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e9bFDS\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002 CS106L\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u8bb2C++\u8fdb\u9636\u7279\u6027\u7684\u3002
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u542cCS106B\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7FDS\uff0cCS106B\u82b1\u4e00\u5929\u901f\u901a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u70b9\u591a\uff0c\u622a\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u56fe\u3002
CS106L\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684C++\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#zju","title":"ZJU\u8bfe\u7a0b","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_1","title":"\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599","text":"CPP Reference Standard C++ CppCon
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_2","title":"\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5fc3\u5f97","text":"\u6211\u8ddf\u7684\u662fcx\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u73ed\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6559\u5f97\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u6863orz \u4f46\u662f\u4e0a\u8bfe\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u4f5c\u4e1a\u548c\u671f\u672b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u542c\u8bfe\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9aa8\u67b6\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8bfe\u540e\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a\u8bfe2\u81f33\u500d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u81ea\u5b66\u81ea\u5df1\u6574\u7406\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u591a\u8bfb\u591a\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u671f\u672b\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u70b9\u60e8orz\uff08\u50cf\u6211\u4e00\u6837\uff09
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_3","title":"\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u56db\u5927\u7279\u6027","text":"class Name\n{\n public:\n public_data;\n public_functions;\n protected:\n protected_data;\n protected_functions;\n private:\n private_data;\n private_functions;\n}\n\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b \u7c7b\u540d::\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff09 { // \u51fd\u6570\u4f53 }
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_9","title":"\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5916\u8054\u51fd\u6570","text":"\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u76f8\u540c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u96c6\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u770b\u4f5c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_11","title":"\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49","text":"\u5bf9\u8c61\u540d.\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u540d\uff08\u662f \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d.\u7c7b\u540d::\u6210\u5458\u540d \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09 \u5bf9\u8c61\u540d.\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u8868\uff09
class Sample\n{\npublic:\nint k;\nint geti(){return i;}\nint getj(){return j;}\nint getk(){return k;}\nprivate:\nint i;\nprotected:\nint j;\n};\nint main()\n{\nSample a;\na.i; // \u975e\u6cd5\na.j: // \u975e\u6cd5\na.k; // \u5408\u6cd5\n}\n\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u4e0d\u662fvoid\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u548c\u7c7b\u540d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#namespace","title":"Namespace","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#namespace_1","title":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fnamespace\uff1f","text":"\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5f15\u8d77\u51b2\u7a81\u3002 \u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
namespace myown1\n{\nstring user_name = \"myown1\";\n}\nnamespace myown2\n{\nstring user_name = \"myown2\";\n}\nint main()\n{\n// using namespace myown1; \ncout << \"\\\\n\" << \"Hello, \"\n<< myown1::user_name\n<< \"...and goodbye!\\\\n\"\ncout << \"\\\\n\" << \"Hello, \"\n<< myown2::user_name\n<< \"...and goodbye!\\\\n\"\nreturn 0;\n}\n\u5173\u952e\u8bcdusing\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7a7a\u95f4\u53d8\u4e3a\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5f53\u524d\u7684namespace\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/course/#_15","title":"\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b","text":"\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u9664\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u3002\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5305\u62ec\uff1a - \u7ee7\u627f\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u6210\u5458 - \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6210\u5458
\u4ece\u5df2\u6709\u7c7b\u6d3e\u751f\u51fa\u65b0\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a - \u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458 - \u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 - \u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 - \u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u6709\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5c5e\u6027
\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u683c\u5f0f
class \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u540d:\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f \u57fa\u7c7b\u540d\n{\n// \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u548c\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\n};\n\u4e09\u79cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f
class employee: public person\n{};\n// default\nclass employee: private person\n{};\nclass employee: protected person\n{};\n\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027
\u5728\u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027 \u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f \u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027 \u89e3\u91ca private public inaccessible \u57fa\u7c7b\u4e2dprivate\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee private private inaccessible private protected inaccessible public public public \u57fa\u7c7b\u4e0d\u7ba1 public private private public protected protected protected public protected \u6743\u9650\u4f1a\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f29\u5c0f\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u653e\u5927 protected private private protected protected protected\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5bf9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c4\u5219 - \u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u7531\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u57fa\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002 - \u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1a\u5728\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u4ece\u57fa\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
\u57fa\u7c7b\u6210\u5458 private\u6210\u5458 public\u6210\u5458 protected\u6210\u5458 \u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee \u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u7ee7\u627f\u4e3e\u4f8b
class Point\n{\npublic:\nvoid InitP(float x = 0, float y = 0)\n{\nthis->X = x;\nthis->Y = y;\n}\nvoid Move(float offX, float offY)\n{\nX += offX;\nY += offY;\n}\nfloat GetX() const{return X;}\nfloat GetY() const{return Y;}\nprivate:\nfloat X, Y;\n};\nclass Rectangle: private Point // \u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\n{\npublic: //\u65b0\u589e\u5916\u90e8\u63a5\u53e3\nvoid InitR(float x, float y, float w, float h)\n{\nInitR(x, y);\nW = w;\nH = h;\n} // \nvoid Move(float xOff, float yOff)\n{\nPoint::\n}\n}\n\u9762\u5411\u671f\u672b\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u805a\u7c7b
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_1","title":"\u6784\u9020\u987a\u5e8f","text":"\uff081\uff09main\u51fd\u6570\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61 \uff082\uff09main\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61 \uff083\uff09\u7236\u7c7b\u6784\u9020 \uff084\uff09\u5b50\u7c7b\u7c7b\u6210\u5458 \uff085\uff09\u5b50\u7c7b\u6784\u9020 \u6790\u6784\u987a\u5e8f\u76f8\u53cd
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_2","title":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff1f","text":"\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 \u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u751f\u6210 \u9700\u8981\u7528\u624d\u751f\u6210
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_3","title":"\u91cd\u8f7d\u89c4\u5219","text":"\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u6709\uff1a - \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26:: - \u6761\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26?:\uff08\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u95ee\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1f\uff09 - \u70b9\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u3001\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u6307\u9488 - \u9884\u5904\u7406\u7b26\u53f7#
\u53ea\u80fd\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53cb\u5143\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff1a - <<\u548c>> \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0clhs\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6210\u5458\u81ea\u8eab
\u4f46\u662f\u6d41\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u5de6\u8fb9\u662fcin\u6216cout\uff0c\u91cd\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53cb\u5143\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u591a\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u53c2\u505alhs
\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u91cd\u5199\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u6001\uff1a \u91cd\u8f7d\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001 \u91cd\u5199\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u591a\u6001
static\u548cvirtual\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a
\u6790\u6784\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u53c2\u6570
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_4","title":"\u5b50\u7c7b\u548c\u7236\u7c7b\u6307\u9488","text":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\uff08const &\uff09\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aconst\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c3d\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3aconst\u3002
\u4f7f\u7528\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff1a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u6539\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61 \u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u9012\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6
\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u503c\u800c\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539 \u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4f20\u9012\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u503c \u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5c0f\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff09 \u6309\u503c\u4f20\u9012 \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012 \u6570\u7ec4 \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012 \u6307\u9488\u4f20\u9012 \u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff09 \u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528 \u6307\u9488\u6216\u5f15\u7528 \u7c7b/\u5bf9\u8c61 \u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012 \u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a \u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5f15\u7528\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u91cf\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f15\u7528\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u58f0\u660e\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002
Copy constructor must pass its first argument by reference
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_6","title":"\u7c7b\u5185\u9759\u6001\u6210\u5458\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316","text":"const static\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u76f4\u63a5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u975econst static\u6210\u5458\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u521d\u59cb\u5316A::n\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6784\u9020\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528n()\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5e26\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316A::n(9)
static\u548cconst - \u6ca1\u6709static\u5c31\u662fconst\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5
const\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f
const int& fun(int& a); // \u4fee\u9970\u8fd4\u56de\u503c \nint& fun(const int& a); // \u4fee\u9970\u5f62\u53c2 \nint& fun(int& a) const {} // const\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\nconst\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a\u662f\u4fee\u9970\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5f15\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u60c5\u51b5
\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u5fc5\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6210\u5458\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3002\uff08\u53ea\u8981\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4e00\u5b9a\u52a0\u4e0aconst\uff09
const\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u4f20\u7b7e\u540d\u540e\u5e26const\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u8981\u628athis\u6307\u9488\u53d8\u6210const
\u600e\u6837\u6784\u6210\u91cd\u8f7d - \u4e0d\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684
const int& fun(int& a); // \u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8 \nint& fun(const int a); // \u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u503c\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u4e0d\u662fconst\u7684\u4e5f\u80fdtype conversion\n int& fun(const int& a); // \u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u7684const\uff0c\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u53d8\u4e86 \nint& fun(int& a) const {} // \u56e0\u4e3a\u9690\u542b\u53c2\u6570this\u7684const\u4e0e\u5426\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u53d8\u4e86\n\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u628a\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u66ff\u6362\u6210inline function\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0 \u6bd4\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u4e0d\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u6808\u51fa\u6808 \u6bd4\u5b8f\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u80fd\u5199\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u80fd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u6210\u5458 inline\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53ea\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u524d\u65f6\u624d\u6709\u7528\u3002 \u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u00a0Static\u00a0Binding \u3002\u80fd\u591f\u660e\u786e\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a \u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u53eb\u65e9\u7ed1\u5b9a \u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9aDynamic\u00a0Binding \u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u591a\u6001\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u5230\u5e95\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a \u3002\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53c8\u53eb\u665a\u7ed1\u5b9a \u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u00a0virtual\u00a0\u65e6\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a
static binding \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6
class Animal { public: void eat() { cout << \"Animal eats\" << endl; } }; class Dog : public Animal { public: void eat() { cout << \"Dog eats\" << endl; } };\ndynamic binding \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6
class Animal { public: virtual void eat() { cout << \"Animal eats\" << endl; } }; class Dog : public Animal { public: void eat() { cout << \"Dog eats\" << endl; } };\n\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff1a - \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u5c40\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728main()\u4e24\u6570\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4efb\u4e00\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61 \u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5355\u5143\u5185\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6784\u9020\u4e24\u6570\u6309\u7167\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002 - \u5bf9\u4e8e static\u00a0local\u00a0variables\uff0c\u00a0\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u5019. - \u5bf9\u4e8e automatic\u00a0storage\u00a0duration\u00a0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u58f0\u660e\u88ab\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u3002 - \u5bf9\u4e8e dynamic\u00a0storage\u00a0duration\u00a0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u7528\u00a0new\u00a0\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#_7","title":"\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u9488","text":"std::unique_ptr<T> //\u72ec\u5360\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002 \nstd::shared_ptr<T> //\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002 \nstd::weak_ptr<T> //\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u548cstd::shared_ptr \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002\n\u4f7f\u7528\u88f8\u6307\u9488 \u6240\u4ee5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u548c\u865a\u8868\u65e0\u5173\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5173\u5417 \u662f\u7684 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u8fdb\u865a\u8868 \u2192 upcasting\u7684\u65f6\u5019
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/final_review/#upcasting","title":"upcasting","text":"\u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7c7b\u6216\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u9700\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u8303\u578b\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002
\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u7684\u5199\u6cd5
template<typename T>\nclass Container{\nT *data;\nunsigned size, capa;\npiblic:\nContainer(unsigned capa = 512): data(new T[capa]){}\n~Container() {delete[] data;}\nT& operator[](unsigned index) {return data[index];}\n}\n\u8fd9\u91cctemplate T\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u540d\u5b57\u662fT\u3002\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u90e8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u53d8\u91cfT\u3002
\u7279\u5316\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u677f\u751f\u6210\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7c7b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b
Container<int> ci;\nContainer<double> cd;\n\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u5199
template<typename T>\nT abs(T x) {return x>0?x:-x;}\n\u6a21\u677f\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u91cd\u8f7d\u600e\u4e48\u5199
template<typename T>\nclass Container {\nT* data;\nunsigned size = 0, capa;\npublic: Container(unsigned capa = 512) : data(new T[capa]), capa(capa){}\n~Container(){delete[] data;}\nT& operator[](unsigned index) {return data[index];}\nconst T& operator[](unsigned idnex) const {return data[index];}\nunsigned getSize() const {return size;}\nunsigned getCapa() const {return capa;}\nContainer &add(T val){\ndata[size++] = val;\nreturn *this;\n}\n};\ntemplate<typename T>\nostream & operator<<(ostream& os, const Container<T>&c){\nfor (unsigned i = 0; i < c.getSize(); i++){\nos << c[i] << ' ';\nreturn os;\n}\n}\n7 \u6a21\u677f (I) - \u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e STL \u4f7f\u7528 - \u54b8\u9c7c\u6684\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7a7a\u95f4
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#template","title":"\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f templateC++11\u7684\u65b0\u7279\u6027 \u5bf9\u53c2\u6570\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6cdb\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a0\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u4efb\u610f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002
\u8bed\u6cd5
template <class ...T> // \u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u4e2d\u5305\u542b0\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f\nvoid f(T... args); // \u5728\u6a21\u677f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53f3\u8fb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u5c55\u5f00\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u53c2\u6570\n\u6700\u5927\u7684\u96be\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5c55\u5f00\u53ef\u53d8\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570
\u6253\u5370\u53c2\u6570\u4e2a\u6570\uff1a
template<class ...T>\nvoid f(T... args)\n{\n cout << sizeof...(args) << endl;\n}\n\nf();\nf(1, 2);\nf(1, 2.5, \"\");\n\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305
#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\nvoid print(){\n cout << \"empty\" << endl;\n}\n\n// \u5c55\u5f00\u51fd\u6570\ntemplate<class T, class ...Args>\nvoid print(T head, Args... rest){\n cout << \"parameter\" << head << endl;\n print(rest...);\n}\n\nint main(){\n print(1, 2, 3, 4);\n return 0;\n}\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7a7a\u65f6\u8f93\u51faempty\u3002\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5305Args\u2026\u5728\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6bcf\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5c31\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u5f53\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u8c03\u7528\u975e\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570print()\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210
template<class T>\nvoid print(T t){\n cout << t << endl;\n}\n\u53ef\u53d8\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u6c42\u548c
template<typename T>\nT sum(T t){\n return t;\n}\ntemplate<typename T, typename ... Types>\nT sum(T first, Types ...rest){\n return first + sum<T> (rest...);\n}\n\nsum(1, 2, 3, 4);\n\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7f3a\u70b9\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\uff08\u540c\u540d\uff09\u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u9012\u5f52\u3002
\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u9017\u53f7\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5217\u8868\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684print\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199
template<class T>\nvoid printarg(T t){\n cout << t << endl;\n}\n\ntemplate <class ...Args>\nvoid expand(Args... args){\n int arr[] = {(printarg(args), 0)...};\n}\n\nexpand(1, 2, 3, 4);\narr\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5355\u7eaf\u662f\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305
\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301lambda\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f
template<class F, class... Args> void expand(const F& f, Args&&...args){\ninitializer_list<int>{(f(std::forward< Args>(args)), 0)};\n}\nexpand([](int i){cout << i << endl;}, 1,2,3);\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u4efb\u610f\u4e2a\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982std::tuple
template<class... Types>\nclass tuple;\n\u6a21\u677f\u504f\u7279\u5316\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c55\u5f00\u53c2\u6570\u5305
\u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\u7684\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7c7b\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u504f\u7279\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b
// \u524d\u5411\u58f0\u660e\ntemplate<typename... Args>\nstruct Sum;\n\n// \u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\ntemplate<typename First, typename... Rest>\nstruct Sum<First, Rest...>{\n enum { value = Sum<First>::value + Sum<Rest...>::value };\n}\n\n// \u9012\u5f52\u7ec8\u6b62\ntemplate<typename Last>\nstruct Sum<Last>{\n enum { value = sizeof(Last) };\n}\nSTL\u516d\u5927\u90e8\u4ef6\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\uff08containers\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08allocators\uff09\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08algorithm\uff09\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff08iterator\uff09\uff0c\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08adapters\uff09\uff0c\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\uff08functors\uff09
","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#_1","title":"\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bb9\u5668","text":"vector, deque, list, set/multiset, map/multimap \u7b49
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#1-vector","title":"1. Vector","text":"Vector\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u957f\u6570\u7ec4\u3002
#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nvector<int> name;\nvector<double> name;\nvector<char> name;\nvector<struct node> name;\n// \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0carray\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0cvector\u5feb\u4e00\u4e9b\nvector< vector<int> > name; // > >\u4e4b\u95f4\u8981\u52a0\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u65b0\u6807\u51c6\u4e0d\u7528\u52a0\u4e86\nvector<int> array[SIZE]; // \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4e14\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709std::array\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f
// 1. \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u6807\n#include<iostream>\n#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\nvector<int> vi;\nvi.push_back(1);\ncout<<vi[0]<<endl;\nreturn 0;\n}\n// 2. \u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\nvector<int>::iterator\nvector<double>::iterator\n// \u4f8b\n#include<iostream>\n#include<vector>\nint main()\n{\nvector<int> v;\nfor(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)\n{\nv.push_back(i); }\nvector<int>::iterator it=v.begin();\nfor(int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)\n{\ncout << it[i] << \" \";\n// \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u6210 cout << * (it + i) << \" \";\n}\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u6216\u8005\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\n// \u56e0\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e0d\u652f\u6301 it < v.end()\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5199!=\nfor (vector<int>::iterator it=v.begin(); it!=v.end();it++)\n{\ncout << *it << \" \";\n}\npush_back(item) // \u5728vector\u540e\u9762\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\npop_back(item) // \u5728vector\u540e\u9762\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\nsize(vector) // \u8fd4\u56de\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(1)\nclear(vector) // \u6e05\u9664\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(N)\ninsert(position, x) // \u5728position\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2ax\n// \u4f8b\nv.insert(v.begin()+2, -1); // \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728v[2]\u5904\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a-1\nerase(position);\nerase(positionBegin, positionEnd); // \u5de6\u95ed\u53f3\u5f00\n\u96c6\u5408\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5143\u7d20\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u5bb9\u5668
#include<set>\nusing namespace std;\nset<int> name;\nset<double> name;\nset<char> name;\nset<struct node> name;\nset<set<int> > name;\nset<int>::iterator it;\nset<char>::iterator it;\nst.insert(X);\nst.find(X); // \u8fd4\u56deset\u4e2dvalue\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fvalue\u7684\u6307\u9488\n// \u4f8b\nset<int>::iterator it = st.find(2);\ncout << *it << endl;\n// \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u6210\ncout << *(st.find(2)) << endl;\nst.erase(it); // \u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(1)\nst.erase(X); // \u5220\u9664\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6O(N)\nst.erase(itBegin, itEnd);\nst.size();\ndeque\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u6bb5\u5b9a\u91cf\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8981\u5728deque\u7684\u524d\u7aef\u548c\u5c3e\u7aef\u589e\u52a0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4fbf\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e32\u5728\u6574\u4e2adeque\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u5c3e\u90e8.
"},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#4-list","title":"4. list","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#5-mapunordered_map","title":"5. map/unordered_map","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#6-string","title":"6. string","text":"// init\n#include<string>\nstring str;\nstring str = \"Hello\";\ncin >> str;\ncout << str;\n// assignment\nchar cstr1[20];\nchar cstr2[20] = \"jaguar\";\nstring str1;\nstring str2 = \"panther\";\ncstr1 = cstr2; // illegal\nstr1 = str2; // legal\n// concatenation\nstring str3;\nstr3 = str1 + str2;\nstr1 += str2;\nstr1 += \"a string literal\";\n// constructors (Ctors)\nstring (const char *cp, int len);\nstring (const string& s2, int pos);\nstring (const string& s2, int pos, int len);\n// sub-string\nsubstr (int pos, int len);\n// modification\nassign (...);\ninsert (...);\ninsert (int pos, const string& s);\nerase (...);\nappend (...);\nreplace (...);\nreplace (int pos, int len, const string& s);\n...\n// search\nfind (const string& s);\n// File I/O\n#include <ifstream> // read from file\n#include <ofstream> // write to file\n// write into file\nofstream File1(\"...\");\nFile1 << \"Hello world\" << std::enl;\n// read from file\nifstream File2(\"...\");\nstd::string str;\nFile2 >> str;\n\u7b97\u6cd5\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u8981\u7531<algorithm> <numeric> <functional>\u7ec4\u6210 <algorithm>\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a <numeric>\u4f53\u79ef\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ea\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u4e2a\u5728\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u51fd\u6570 <functional>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u677f\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u58f0\u660e\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61
\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u540d\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u5e38\u91cf\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u8fd8\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002
#include<iostream> #include<vector> using namespace std; int main() { vector<int> v; for (int n = 0; n < 5; ++n) v.push_back(n); vector<int>::iterator i; for (i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); i++) { cout << *i << \" \"; // *i \u662f i \u6307\u5411\u7684\u5143\u7d20 *i *= 2; \n} }\nSTL\u662f\u8303\u578b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u542b\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\uff08container\uff09\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff08iterator\uff09\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08algorithm\uff09\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08function object\uff09\u3002\u7c7b\u5e93\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e93\u3002
","text":""},{"location":"CS/CPP/templates/#c","title":"C++\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93","text":"using namespace std;
\u5bb9\u5668\uff08container\uff09\u7c7b\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5bb9\u7eb3\u3001\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u3002STL\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982
\u5b9a\u4e49
vector<int> iv;\nvector<int> cv(5);\nvector<int> cv(5, 'x');\nvector<int> iv2(iv);\n\u4f7f\u7528
#include<iostream>\n#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\nvector<char> v; // create zero-len vector\nint i;\n// put values into a vector\nfor (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\nv.push_back('A' + i);\n// can access vector contents using subsripting\nfor (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\ncout << v[i] << \" \";\ncout << endl;\n// access via iterator\nvector<char>::iterator p = v.begin();\nwhile(p != v.end())\n{\ncout << *p << \" \";\np++;\n}\nreturn 0;\n}\n\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53cc\u5411\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u8868\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u79f0\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3002list\u7c7b\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u987a\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002
// sort a list\n#include<iostream>\n#include<list>\n#include<cstdlib>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\nint i;\nlist<char> lst;\n// create a list of random characters\nfor (i = 0; i < 10; i++)\nlist.push_back('A' + (rand()%26));\n}\n#include<set>\n#include<iostream>\n#include<string>\nint main()\n{\nstd::set<std::string> source;\nstd::string input;\nfor(int i=0;i<6;i++)\n{\nstd::cin>>input;\nsource.insert(input);\n}\nstd::set<std::string>::iterator at = source.begin();\nwhile(at != source.end())\nstd::cour << * at++ << std::endl;\n}\n#include<algorithm>\n#include<iostream>\n#include<string>\n#include<vector>\nusing namespace std;\nvoid load(vector<string>&);\nvoid print(vector<string>);\nconst int SIZE = 8;\nint main()\n{\nvector<string> v(SIZE);\nload(v);\nsort(v.begin(), v.end()); // \u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8d77\u6b62\u4f4d\u7f6e\nprint(v);\nreturn 0;\n}\n// \u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u6bcd\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\n\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002
#include<list>\n#include<iostream>\nint main()\n{\nusing namespace std;\nlist<int> c1;\nlist<int>::iterator c1_Iter;\nlist<int>::reverse_iterator c1_rIter;\nc1_rIter = c1.rbegin(); // the last element\n}\nhttps://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/344558356 LJJ PPT
","text":""},{"location":"CS/OS/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u6211\u89c9\u5f97 x+i for i in [x, y, g] \u4e09\u4f4d\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7406\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u5145\u5206\u4e86\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211 root \u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u6307\u5411\u7684 xy \u7b14\u8bb0\u627e\u5230\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e09\u4efd\u7b14\u8bb0\u3002
\u6211\u4ecd\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u89c9\u5f97\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u5199\u5f97\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5206\u6210\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u5927\u5757\u6765\u5199\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u50cf\u5728\u5403\u4e00\u76d8\u94a2\u4e1d\u7403\u7092\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9762\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u65f6\u5728\u8bf4\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u73b0\u597d\u7684/\u6211\u8981\u505a\u7684/linux\u4f1a\u505a\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u3002
\u6211\u7684\u9884\u671f\u662f\u628a\u8fd9\u4efd\u7b14\u8bb0\u5199\u6210\u4e00\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba+\u64cd\u4f5c+\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u5143\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u771f\u7684\u592a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e86\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u53ea\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u53bb\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u5f97\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u7684\u8865\u5145\u6765\u770b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u540e\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u80fd\u5199\u5b8c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u8fd9\u6837\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4efd\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u8bfb\u8005\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u7740\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u601d\u8def\u53bb\u6574\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u62a5\u544a\u3002
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8bf7\u70b9\u8fdb\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a lab \u9875\u9762\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/","title":"OS lab","text":"\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f1a\u5148\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b\u7528\u5230\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c mac \u4e0b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e\u6280\u5de7\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u624b\u518c\u8bb2 mac \u4e0d\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6328\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6211\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7cbe\u529b\u80fd\u652f\u6491\u5199\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8865\u5145\u4e24\u4e2a\u6211\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u603b\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4f46\u624b\u518c\u6ca1\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u81ea\u77e5\u5b66\u5f97\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6211\u4f1a\u6807\u51fa\u6765\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#overview","title":"overview","text":"Warning
\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe TODO
\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u540e\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u7684 lab \u7ed3\u6784\u56fe:
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_1","title":"\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6","text":"\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5927\u80cc\u666f\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#os","title":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7535\u5230OS\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b","text":"\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u76f8\u6bd4\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u505a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a
Hardware RISC-V M Mode RISC-V S Mode \n+------------+ +--------------+ +----------+\n| Power On | ----> | Bootloader | ----> | Kernel |\n+------------+ +--------------+ +----------+\n\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff1asbi (supervisor binary interface)\u662f s-mode \u7684 kernel \u548c m-mode \u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303
opensbi\u662f\u4e00\u4e2ariscv sbi\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u610f\u601d\u662fopensbi\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bf9m-mode\u4e0b\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5728s-mode\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u8303\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u786c\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u6211\u4eecopensbi\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3abootloader\u5b8c\u6210\u673a\u5668\u542f\u52a8\u65f6m-mode\u4e0b\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528opensbi\u5b8c\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u6253\u5370\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
qemu\u4f1a\u628aopensbi\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u52a0\u8f7d\u52300x80000000\u5904.
opensbi\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u4f1a\u8df3\u8f6c\u52300x80200000\u5904\uff0c\u5373kernel\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u57280x80200000\u5904\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_2","title":"\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f","text":"riscv\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7279\u6743\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1aUser, Supervisor, & Machine\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u8981\u5728 s-mode \u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u6162\u6162\u5b9e\u73b0 u-mode\u3002
Level Encoding Name Abbreviation \u4ecb\u7ecd 0 00 User/Application U \u5bf9\u786c\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6743\u9650 1 01 Supervisor S \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u6001Kernel\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u5411\u5185\u6838\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5e76\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5185\u6838\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406 2 10 Reserved 3 11 Machine M \u7528\u6237\u6001\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u6743\u9650\u4e00\u822c\u6bcf\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709
supported modes intended usage M simple embedded systems M, U secure embedded systems M, S, U systems running unix-like operating systems"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_3","title":"\u73af\u5883\u914d\u7f6e","text":""},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#docker","title":"Docker","text":"\u5728\u5b98\u7f51\u5b89\u88c5Docker\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u9700\u8981\u6253\u5f00Docker app\uff0c\u767b\u9646\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5728terminal\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528docker\u547d\u4ee4\u3002
$ sudo hdiutil attach Docker.dmg\n$ sudo /Volumes/Docker/Docker.app/Contents/MacOS/install\n$ sudo hdiutil detach /Volumes/Docker\n\u521b\u5efa\u5bb9\u5668
docker pull ubuntu:22.04\ndocker run -it --name my_linux ubuntu:22.04 bash\n\u51fa\u73b0root@xxxxxxx:?# \u5373\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dxxxxxxx\u4e00\u4e32\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u5bb9\u5668\u7684id\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5id\u8fdb\u5165\u76f8\u540c\u5bb9\u5668\u3002
\u5b89\u88c5\u4ea4\u53c9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff0cqemu\uff0cgdb\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u6b65\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u7740\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u622a\u56fe\u7565\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#docker_1","title":"\u806a\u660e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528docker","text":"\u8fd8\u662f\u6700\u597d\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e0b vscode \u91cc\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u3002\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
ps a \u548c kill qemu \u7b49\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u7b28\u86cb\u6211\u6309\u7167\u540e\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u4e86\u597d\u4e45\u3002Warning
TODO \u8fd9\u5757\u5e94\u8be5\u518d\u6269\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\u7684
bash [shell file].sh \u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u3002riscv-gnu-toolchain \u3002\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9876\u5c42 makefile \u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5199\u597d\u4e86\u8c03\u8bd5\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a terminal \u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165 make debug\u3002 \u7136\u540e\u65b0\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a terminal \u8f93\u5165 gdb-multiarch path/to/vmlinux \u5176\u4e2d vmlinux \u662f\u7f16\u8bd1\u597d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
gdb \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5/\u7a8d\u95e8
\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u770b\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f
\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u521a\u4e0a\u624b\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u540e\u6765\u6211\u9010\u6e10\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5148\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u518d\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u56de\u53bb\u518d\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u904d lab \u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8d77\u7801\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u66b4\u8bba\u4e00\u70b9\u8bf4\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8c03\u8bd5\u65f6\u957f\u5927\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u957f\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u54ea\u91cc\u7406\u8bba\u6ca1\u5543\u900f\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u52a8\u7b14\u4e86\u3002
\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5148\u628a\u51e0\u4e2a\u65ad\u70b9\u6253\u5728\u731c\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u9519\u4e86\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u518d\u9010 c \u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u54ea\u4e2a c \u8bed\u8a00\u884c\u51fa\u9519\u540e\u518d\u9010\u6c47\u7f16\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u627e\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5728\u9644\u8fd1\u6253\u5370\u6253\u5370\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\u9519\u8bef\u539f\u56e0\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#gdb","title":"\u806a\u660e\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 gdb","text":"gdb \u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c ui \u7f3a\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u80fd\u968f\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u4f1a\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684 ui \u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u914d\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u8d34\u4e00\u4e9b\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u5e16\u5b50\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u8431\u8431\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a gdbpeda\u3002
\u63a8\u8350\u51e0\u4e2a\u597d\u7528\u7684GDB\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u529f\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u63d2\u4ef6
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab0","title":"lab0","text":"\u6ca1\u96be\u5ea6\u4e0d\u7528\u8bb2
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab1","title":"lab1","text":""},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#c-risc-v","title":"C & RISC-V \u5185\u8054\u6c47\u7f16","text":"Note
\u8fd9\u5757\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9 lab1 \u6587\u6863\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6574\u7406\u5f97\u6bd4\u539f\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002
__asm__ volatile (\n\"instruction1\\n\"\n\"instruction2\\n\"\n......\n......\n\"instruction3\\n\"\n: [out1] \"=r\" (v1),[out2] \"=r\" (v2)\n: [in1] \"r\" (v1), [in2] \"r\" (v2)\n: \"memory\"\n);\n\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u00a0:\u00a0\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u6210\u4e86\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u540e\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff1a
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6682\u65f6\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u6211\u4e0d\u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u8d34\u4e00\u6bb5lab1\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u6587\u7ed9\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002e.g. 1
unsigned long long s_example(unsigned long long type,unsigned long long arg0) {\nunsigned long long ret_val;\n__asm__ volatile (\n\"mv x10, %[type]\\n\"\n\"mv x11, %[arg0]\\n\"\n\"mv %[ret_val], x12\"\n: [ret_val] \"=r\" (ret_val)\n: [type] \"r\" (type), [arg0] \"r\" (arg0)\n: \"memory\"\n);\nreturn ret_val;\n}\ne.g. 1. \u4e2d\u6307\u4ee4\u90e8\u5206\uff0c%[type]\u3001%[arg0]\u4ee5\u53ca%[ret_val]\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u662f\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c[type] \"r\" (type)\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5c06\u00a0()\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0type\u00a0\u653e\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\uff08\"r\"\u00a0\u6307\u653e\u5165\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u00a0\"m\"\u00a0\u5219\u4e3a\u653e\u5165\u5185\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u00a0[]\u00a0\u4e2d\u547d\u540d\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002[ret_val] \"=r\" (ret_val)\u00a0\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5c06\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u00a0%[ret_val]\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0ret_val \u4e2d\u3002
e.g. 2
#define write_csr(reg, val) ({\n__asm__ volatile (\"csrw \" #reg \", %0\" :: \"r\"(val)); })\ne.g. 2. \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u00a0%0\u00a0\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u8f93\u51fa\u8f93\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5373\u00a0val\u3002 #reg\u00a0\u662fc\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06reg\u8fdb\u884c\u5b8f\u66ff\u6362\u5e76\u7528\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u5305\u88f9\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u00a0write_csr(sstatus,val)\u00a0\u7ecf\u5b8f\u5c55\u5f00\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\uff1a
({\n__asm__ volatile (\"csrw \" \"sstatus\" \", %0\" :: \"r\"(val)); })\n\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684\u00a0({...})\u00a0\u8fd8\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a GNU \u5bf9 C \u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u00a0Statements and Declarations in Expressions\u3002\u590d\u5408\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9879\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u53f7\u00a0;\u3002\u8be5\u5b50\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u503c\u7528\u4f5c\u6574\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u201d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002
Note
\u8fd9\u5757\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9 lab1 \u6587\u6863\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u6574\u7406\u5f97\u6bd4\u539f\u6587\u6863\u53ef\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002
`vmlinux.lds`` \u662f GNU ld\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\uff0c\u5c06 .o \u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002ld\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672clinker script\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6709\u5199\uff1a
OUTPUT_ARCH( \"riscv\" )ENTRY( _start )\u5e76\u4e14head.S\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684_start\u51fd\u6570BASE_ADDR = 0x80200000;\u6211\u4eec\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e2e\u52a9\u633a\u5927\u3002
\u9996\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c97\u7565\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0ckernel \u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u662f\u5206\u6bb5(secition)\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684section\u6709\uff1a
\u6bb5\u540d \u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528 .text \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801 .rodata \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5e38\u91cf\u7b49\u53ea\u8bfb\u6570\u636e .data \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u5df2\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf .bss \u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\u518d\u7ec6\u81f4\u4e00\u70b9\u53bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u3002
. \u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u811a\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u5f53\u524d\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u88ab\u8d4b\u503c\u3001\u81ea\u589e\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002* \u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f *() \u5728\u5927\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7b26\u5408\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6bb5\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e *(.data .data.*)\uff0c\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002_s\u00a0\u4e0e\u00a0_e\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u90fd\u662f\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a9\u6559\u8001\u5e08\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\uff1a
nm vmlinux\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u6253\u5370 vmlinux \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u3002\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u7531\u4e8b\u4ef6(event)\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6trap\uff0ctrap\u7ed9\u4e86os\u4e0e\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728boot\u9636\u6bb5opensbi\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86M\u6001\u7684trap\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662fs\u6001\u7684trap\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e0b Interrupt, Exception \u548c Trap \u7684\u533a\u522b (from riscv unprivileged spec)\uff1a
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u624b\u518c\u5219\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e0b\u8868\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u5230 trap\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e8e interrupt \u548c exception \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u3002
Interrupt Exception hardware generated software generated Asynchronous external requests (generated by e.g. keyboard or printer) synchronous internal requests for services based upon abnormal events (generated by e.g. illegal instructions, illegal address, overflow, etc.) normal events abnormal events\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a trap \u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a trap = interrupt + exception\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684 trap_handler() \u65e2\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e5f\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6210 do_timer() switch_to() schedule() \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\uff1a
\u56de\u5fc6\u5185\u5b58\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u77e5\u9053\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u56de\u5fc6\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u91cc\uff1a
\u5c0f/\u5feb <---------------> \u5927/\u6162\n[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668] - [cache] - [\u5185\u5b58] - [\u5916\u5b58]\nriscv\u670932\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 + \u5f88\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 (control and status registers (CSRs))\u3002riscv \u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6709\u4e2a\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5143\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u7528 12-bit \u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5373 csr[11:0]\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e00\u5171\u652f\u6301 4096 \u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0ccsr[11:0] \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5206\u914d\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\u4f4d\u6570 11:10 9:8 7:4 \u957f\u5ea6 2 2 4 \u4f5c\u7528 11=read-only\uff0cother=read/write\uff1f \u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u8be5csr\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6a21\u5f0f \u6211\u731c\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2acsr\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff1a
\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684abi\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u7f16\u53f7
\u800c\u4e0b\u9762\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e0b csr\u3002
sstatus (supervisor status register)
The sstatus register is an SXLEN(\u4ee3\u886832\u621664)-bit read/write register formatted as follows. \u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7684\u662f64\u4f4d\u3002
\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u75280\u62161\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u62fc\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u3002
\u4f4d\u6570 \u540d\u79f0 \u7f6e1\u8868\u793a \u7f6e0\u8868\u793a 1 SIE \u54cd\u5e94\u6240\u6709\u7684S\u6001trap \u7981\u7528\u6240\u6709S\u6001trap 5 SPIE \u5728trap\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u7684SIE=1 \u5728trap\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u7684SIE=0 8 SPP \u5f53\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u5b8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5230S-mode \u5f53\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u5b8c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5230U-mode\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u4f4d\u6709
sie (supervisor interrupt enable register)
\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86sstatus[SIE]\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6839\u636esie\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5904\u7406interrupt
Bits sip.SEIP and sie.SEIE are the interrupt-pending and interrupt-enable bits for supervisor- level external interrupts. If implemented, SEIP is read-only in sip, and is set and cleared by the execution environment, typically through a platform-specific interrupt controller. Bits sip.STIP and sie.STIE are the interrupt-pending and interrupt-enable bits for supervisor- level timer interrupts. If implemented, STIP is read-only in sip, and is set and cleared by the execution environment. Bits sip.SSIP and sie.SSIE are the interrupt-pending and interrupt-enable bits for supervisor- level software interrupts. If implemented, SSIP is writable in sip and may also be set to 1 by a platform-specific interrupt controller.
stvec (supervisor trap vector base address register)
\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u57fa\u5740.
WARL\u662f\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5730\u5740
MODE\u662f
Value mode \u63cf\u8ff0 0 Direct \u6a21\u5f0f \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f, \u5176\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u5165\u53e3\u51fd\u6570 \uff08 \u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f \uff09 1 Vectored\u6a21\u5f0f \u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u65ad\u5411\u91cf\u8868\uff0c \u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f \u22652 \u4fdd\u7559sscratch (supervisor scratch register)
Typically, sscratch is used to hold a pointer to the hart-local supervisor context while the hart is executing user mode. At the beginning of a trap handler, sscratch is swapped with a user register to provide an initial working register.
\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u62ffsscratch\u8bb0\u5f55s-mode\u7684stack pointer\uff0c\u5728trap\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0eu-mode stack pointer\u4ea4\u6362\uff08\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u6765\u7740\u5fd8\u4e86TODO\u4e00\u4f1a\u6838\u5b9e\uff09
sepc (supervisor exception program counter)
\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55 trap \u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u540e\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3002
scause (supervisor cause register)
\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55 trap \u53d1\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5 trap \u662f\u00a0Interrupt\u00a0\u8fd8\u662f\u00a0Exception\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a
stval (supervisor trap value register)
The stval register can optionally also be used to return the faulting instruction bits on an illegal instruction exception (sepc points to the faulting instruction in memory). If stval is written with a nonzero value when an illegal-instruction exception occurs, then stval will contain the shortest of:
\u0088 the actual faulting instruction \u0088 the first ILEN bits of the faulting instruction \u0088 the first SXLEN bits of the faulting instruction
The value loaded into stval on an illegal-instruction exception is right-justified and all unused upper bits are cleared to zero.
satp (supervisor address translation and protection register)
\u8bb0\u5f55\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002MODE\u4f4d=8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Sv39\u6a21\u5f0f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\uff08\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u65f6\u949f\u4e2d\u65ad\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1a
mtime
\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u9891\u7387\u81ea\u589e\uff08\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u5728\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cc\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\uff09
mtimecmp\uff08machine timer register\uff09
\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u65f6\u949f\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u70b9
mcounteren\uff08counter enable register\uff09
\uff08\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\uff09mtime\u672c\u6765\u662fm\u6001\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5728s\u6001\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u662fopensbi\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fc7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199m\u6001
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#_6","title":"\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c","text":"\u64cd\u4f5ccsr\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684riscv\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6 TODO\u5f85\u6574\u7406
func scr rs1 rd\u5316\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6682\u65f6\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u627e\u6765\u6e90\u7684 CSDN \u5e16\u5b50\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a
\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u6838\u6001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b trap \u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u5176\u5b83\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 task_struct \u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u8bfe\u4e0a\u8bb2\u7684 PCB (\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u8be5\u53eb TCB\uff1f)\u3002\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u9010\u4e2a lab \u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e1c\u897f\uff1a
Warning
TODO \u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u518d\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u603b\u5171\u662f\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\u3002
\u5185\u6838\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u5668 \u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668 0xc000 0000 \u7528\u6237\u6808 \u2190 sp 0x4000 0000 \u5171\u4eab\u5e93\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6620\u5c04\u533a\u57df \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5806\uff08\u7531malloc\u521b\u5efa\uff09 \u2190 brk \u8bfb\u5199\u6bb5 .data .bss \u4ece\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d \u53ea\u8bfb\u6bb5 .init .text .rodata \u4ece\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d 0x0804 8000 \u672a\u7528\u7684 \u4ece\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab3","title":"lab3","text":"\u5230\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u542f\u52a8\u5230\u5f00\u542f\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94 head.S \u5f00\u5934\u7684\u4e00\u5806\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6d41\u7a0b\uff09\uff1a
lab2\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u8fd0\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u5185\u8bad\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7ebf\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u9694\u79bb\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9ad8\u6548\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u865a\u5730\u53bb\u8bb2\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u622a\u56fe\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff1a
\u4f4e\u5730\u5740<- ->\u9ad8\u5730\u5740\n\nstart_address end_address\n 0x0 0x3fffffffff\n \u2502 \u2502\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n\u2193 256G \u2193 \n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502 User Space \u2502 ... \u2502 Kernel Space \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u2191 256G \u2191\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502 \n \u2502 \u2502\n 0xffffffc000000000 0xffffffffffffffff\n start_address end_address\n\u7136\u540e\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u641e\u660e\u767d\uff1a\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u8f9f\u8fc7\uff0c\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u8f9f\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f00\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c alloc \u7684 page\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f00\u5728 kernel \u7684\u6808\u6216\u8005\u5806\u4e0a\uff08.data\u548c.bss\u6bb5\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u67e5\u5730\u5740\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u800c\u5404\u79cd csr \u5728 cpu \u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u800c\u672c\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u542f\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u653e\u5728\u9875\u8868\u91cc\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#sv39","title":"Sv39 \u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879","text":"\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u9875\u8868\u9879\uff08pte\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f4e\u4f4d\uff1a
create_mapping() \u51fd\u6570\u904d\u5386\u6574\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u6309\u4e8c\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\uff08\u5373\u6839\u9875\u8868\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ea7\uff09\u2192\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u2192\u7269\u7406\u9875\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u9875\u8868\u9879\u7684V bit\u770b\u9875\u8868\u9879\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u7528kalloc() \u5206\u914d\u4e00\u9875\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9875\u8868\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u5728\u9875\u8868\u9879\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u9875\u8868\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002
pte : [ PPN2: 53-28 ][ PPN1: 27-19 ][ PPN0: 18-10 ][ perm: 9-0 ]
vm_addr: [ VPN2: 38-30 ][ VPN1: 29-21 ][ VPN0:20-12 ][ offset: 11-0 ]
\u56e0\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e09\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a
\u6240\u4ee5\u53cd\u63a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\uff1a
\u9876\u5c42\u9875\u8868
now_tbl = pgtbl;now_vpn = VPN2(va);now_pte = *(now_tbl + now_vpn);\u6b21\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u76f8\u540c
\u5728 2023 \u5e74\u7248\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cvmlinux.lds \u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5c06\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u90fd\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u4e5f\u5373\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u6b64\u5904\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u9875\u8868\u9879\u5730\u5740\u662f\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728 setup_vm() \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u51cf\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u8bfb\u5230\u9875\u8868\u9879\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728 relocate: \u5904\u7406\u504f\u79fb\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u7ba1\u4e86\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6 lab3 \u91cc\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f4e\u4f4d\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c06\u4f4e\u4f4d 0x0-0x4000000 \u5206\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u800c\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u9645\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5e03\u5c40\uff1a
PHY_START new allocated memory allocated space end PHY_END\n \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 \u2502\n \u25bc \u25bc \u25bc \u25bc\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n PA \u2502 \u2502 \u2502 uapp (copied from _sramdisk) \u2502 \u2502\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u25b2 \u25b2\n \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518 \u2502\n \u2502 (map) \u2502\n \u2502 \u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u2502 \u2502\n \u2502 \u2502\n \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n VA \u2502 UAPP \u2502 \u2502u mode stack\u2502\n \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518\n \u25b2 \u25b2\n \u2502 \u2502\n\n USER_START USER_END\nlab3\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b \u516c\u7528\u4e86\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u9875\u8868swapper_pg_dir\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u7528\u6237\u6001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u505a\uff1a
\u5177\u4f53\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u6237\u6001\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6001\u5207\u6362\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1asstatus[SUM] \u548c PTE[U]
\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 sstatus[SUM]
\u9875\u8868\u9879 PTE[U]
Warning
\u60f3\u5199\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fd8\u5e72\u51c0\u4e86\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u601d\u8def\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u5f85\u6838\u5b9e
\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 csr \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a
__switch_to: \u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u4fdd\u5b58/\u6062\u590d\u00a0sepc sstatus sscratch\u00a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5207\u6362\u9875\u8868\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5728\u5207\u6362\u4e86\u9875\u8868\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u00a0fence.i\u00a0\u548c\u00a0vma.fence\u00a0\u6765\u5237\u65b0 TLB \u548c ICache\u3002_traps \u548c trap_handler(): \u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u5728trap\u91cc\u5207\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u6539trap\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728u-mode\u91cc\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5230trap\u8981\u5207\u6210s-mode\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5b8c\u518d\u5207\u56de\u6765\u3002\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08\u6ca1\u6709u-mode stack\uff09\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5185\u6838\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684sp\u6c38\u8fdc\u6307\u5411s-mode stack\uff0csscratch\uff08sp\uff1f\uff09\u4e3a0\u3002TODO\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e24\u4e2a csr \u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4f1a\u8865\u7684\u3002__dummy: \u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u4e4b\u524d lab2 \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06 __dummy \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5199\u5728\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684 sepc\uff08\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff09\u91cc\uff0c\u53c8\u5728 __dummy \u91cc\u5199\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u662f dummy() \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u8ba9\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5207\u6362\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539 __dummy \u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6240\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e3a user app \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f2\u7a7a\u95f4\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u770b\u6210 2^N \u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u9875\u7684\u5927\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a m \u7684\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u505c\u628a\u7a7a\u95f4 /2 \u5212\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u627e\u5230\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1m\u76842\u7684\u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u5206\u7ed9 m\u3002\u5f53\u5757\u91ca\u653e\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u7a7a\u95f2\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u5757\u53bb\u5408\u5e76\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u8bb2\u5f97\u66f4\u597d Lab 6\uff1aRISC-V \u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u7f3a\u9875\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406 - \u77e5\u4e4e (zhihu.com)\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#elf","title":"elf \u6587\u4ef6","text":"\u4e00\u4e2a elf \u6587\u4ef6\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u88c5\u590d\u6742\u7248\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u753b\u56fe\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u55bb\uff08\u5bf9\u4e0d\u8d77\u592a\u62bd\u8c61\u4e86\uff09\uff1a
Elf_Ehdr ehdr->e_phoff\n\u2b07\ufe0f \u2b07\ufe0f\n[ [type: ???][type: LOAD][type: ???] ]\n\u5c31\u662f elf \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u6563\u843d\u7740\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6bb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a LOAD \u7684\u6bb5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u590d\u5236\u5230\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5934\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740 0x0\uff0cp_vaddr \u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u3002e_entry \u4e5f\u8d34\u5fc3\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u5728\u54ea\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u5728 Elf64_Ehdr \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a segment\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a Elf63_phdr \u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6328\u4e2a\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a LOAD \u7684 segment\u3002\u7b49\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u62f7\u8d1d\u4e86\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5806\u6307\u9488\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u88ab\u641e\u5f97\u6655\u5934\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u5148\u7528 readelf -h \u67e5\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b elf \u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u5404\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u67e5\u770b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6307\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7ed9\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u6574\u4e2a uapp \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5168\u90e8\u62f7\u5230\u8fdb\u7a0b\u91cc\u6765\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a __dummy \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5230\u4f60\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u91cc\u8bfb\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u80fd\u8dd1\u3002\u5728\u8dd1\u8d77\u6765\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u628a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6307\u9488\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6309\u7167\u542b\u4e49\u66ff\u6362\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u7740\u505a\u4e5f\u884c\u3002
Warning
\u4e0b\u9762\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6211\u5199\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u7b80\u7565\uff0c\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u900f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u73ed\u95e8\u5f04\u65a7\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53d1\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u5730\u60f3\u7559\u4e2a TODO \u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8865\u5b8c\u3002
\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e lab4 \u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u7684\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5728 task \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8bf7\u6c42\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u4e0d\u5206\u914d\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528 do_mmap() \u5148\u628a task \u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7b49 task \u771f\u6b63\u53bb\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u89e6\u53d1 page fault\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 page fault handler \u91cc\u6839\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u518d\u5206\u914d\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528fork()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f220\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728sys_clone()\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684task\u961f\u5217\u3002
"},{"location":"CS/OS/lab/#lab7","title":"lab7","text":"Warning
lab7 \u6211\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5360 60% \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8fd8\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u80fd\u603b\u7ed3\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e86\u3002
\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6bcf\u4e2atask\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u3002\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9996\u5148\u4fee\u6539task struct\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2atask struct\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875(struct file* \u578b)\u53bb\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u3002
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8868\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982 stdout_write() \u548c stdin_read() \u7b49\u3002
\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ea7\u751f\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7684 system call \u65f6\uff0ctrap_handler() \u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b system call \u7684\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u505a\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u53c2\u6570\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
Q1: \u8fd0\u884c\u53d1\u73b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u8df3\u8dc3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u4e86 set_up_vm_final()\uff0c\u53c8\u8df3\u56de set_up_vm()\uff0c\u518d\u5f80\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u8fdb\u5165 gdb \u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55 branch \u6216\u8005 call \u8bed\u53e5\u6307\u5411\u8df3\u5f80\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u51fa\u73b0\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u8fdb\u4e86 memset() \u6216\u8005 memcopy() \u51fd\u6570\u3002
A1: \u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6211\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u56db\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u4ee5\u5947\u602a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5916\u90e8\u9875\u8868\u65f6\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u662f extern unsigned long *swapper_pg_dir;\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f extern unsigned long swapper_pg_dir[512] __attribute__((__aligned__(0x1000)));\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u7f3a\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u540c\u5b66\u6307\u51fa\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9875\u8868\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e22\u5931\u635f\u574f\u3002\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6162\u6162\u53d1\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\uff1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u8df3\u8f6c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f80 0x80000000 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u5199\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 qemu \u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u662f 0x80000000 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5408\u7406\u731c\u6d4b\u5176\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f qemu \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\uff0c\u652f\u6301 qemu \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5199\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684 qemu \u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a
create_mapping() \u505a\u9875\u8868\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u5bf9\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f printk(\"[function name]: map from %#llx-%#llx to %#llx-%#llx\", pa, pa+size, va, va+size);\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u68c0\u67e5\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u5740 copy \u5230\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4e86\u3002memset() memcpy() \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5bf9\u3002\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684 prink \u53bb\u6253\u5370\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5f80\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740 0x80000000 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5199\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
Q2: \u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5230\u4e00\u534a\u5361\u4f4f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5728 __dummy \u7684 sret \u540e\u5361\u4f4f\u4e86\u3002
A2: \u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u70b9\u7684 trap_handler() \u5e2e\u52a9\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u70b9\u5728 lab7 \u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u91cc\u624d\u6709\u63d0\u793a\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5e94\u8be5\u65e9\u70b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a
void trap_handler(uint64 scause, uint64 sepc, struct pt_regs* regs) { // a0, a1, a2\nuint64 stval = csr_read(stval);\n// printk(\"[S] Trap @sepc = %#llx, @scause = %#llx, @stval = %#llx\\n\", sepc, scause, stval);\nint done = 0;\n/* Interrupt */\nif ((scause >> 63) && (scause & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) == 5) {\nclock_set_next_event();\nprintk(\"[S] Supervisor Timer Intterupt\\n\");\ndo_timer();\n} /* Exception */\nelse {\n/* instrution addr misaligned */\nif (scause == 0) {}\n/* Instruction access fault */\nelse if (scause == 1) {}\n/* Illegal instruction */\nelse if (scause == 2) {}\n/* breakpoint */\nelse if (scause == 3) {}\n/* load addr misaligned */\nelse if (scause == 4) {}\n/* load access fault */\nelse if (scause == 5) {}\n/* store/amo addr misaligned */\nelse if (scause == 6) {}\n/* store/amo access fault */\nelse if (scause == 7) {}\n/* ecall U-mode */\nelse if (scause == 8) {\nif (sys_call_num == SYS_WRITE) {\n// ...\n} else if (sys_call_num == SYS_GETPID) {\n// ...\n} else if (sys_call_num == SYS_CLONE) {\n// ...\n}\nregs->sepc += 4; // pc + 4\n} /* ecall S-mode */\nelse if (scause == 9) {}\n/* Instruction page fault */\n/* Load page fault */\n/* Store/amo page fault */\nelse if (scause == 12 || scause == 13 || scause == 15) {\ndone = do_page_fault(scause, regs);\n} else {\nprintk(\"[S] Unhandled exception with scause = %d, sepc = %lx\\n\", scause, sepc);\nwhile (1);\n}\n}\n// if (!done) while(1);\n}\ntrap_handler() \u505a\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u6709\u4e24\u4ef6 while(1) \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5361\u4f4f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u53d1\u751f trap\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a trap \u8fd8\u6ca1\u7ed3\u675f\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5faa\u73af\u8f93\u51fa\u4f60\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u505c\u4f4f\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u6e05\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\uff08\u600e\u4e48\u6211\u8bb2\u5f97\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u5f31\u667a\uff09\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5faa\u73af trap \u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5361\u4f4f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6309\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u8f93\u51fa\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff08\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u539f\u56e0\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8d77\u7801\u5e2e\u4f60\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u4e86 trap \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7eed\u601d\u8003\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002
"},{"location":"DL/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5305\u62ec\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba+\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0\uff0c\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9 - NLP\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b14\u8bb0
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u6ca1\u5199\u5b8c
\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0b\u9762\u653e\u4e86\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4e86
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/","title":"Explainable NLP","text":"TODO
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#survey","title":"Survey","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#a-survey-of-the-state-of-explainable-ai-for-natural-language-processing","title":"A Survey of the State of Explainable AI for Natural Language Processing","text":"This survey thoroughly explains the state of explainable NLP. The Introduction discusses two distinguishing criteria for explanability models (1) whether the explanation is for each prediction individually or the model\u2019s prediction process as a whole, and (2) determining whether generating the explanation requires post-processing or not. In Categorization of Explanations, this paper categorizes the explanation models into local (provides information or justification for the model's prediction on a specific input) vs. global (provides similar justification by revealing how the model's predictive process works, independently of any particular input), and self-explaining (also directly interpretable, generates the explanation at the same time as the prediction, e.g. decision trees, rule-based models, and feature saliency models like attention models) vs. post-hoc (an additional operation is performed after the predictions are made). This section also states that the different categories of models can overlap. In section Aspects of Explanations, this paper introduces three types of explanation techniques: (1) explainability techniques (feature importance, surrogate model, example-driven, provenance-based, declarative induction), (2) operations to enable explainability (first-derivation saliency, layer-wise relevance propagation, and input perturbations, attention, LSTM gating signals, explainability-aware architecture design) and (3) visualization techniques (saliency, raw declarative representations, natural language explanation). The section Evaluation introduces several evaluating metrices.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#opinion-papers","title":"Opinion Papers","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#climbing-towards-nlu-on-meaning-form-and-understanding-in-the-age-of-data-2020","title":"Climbing towards NLU: On Meaning, Form, and Understanding in the Age of Data (2020)","text":"This paper argues that the modern NLP models trained on form has no abilities in understanding natural languages based on both the science and philosophy theories. It is structured as follows. In section Large LMs: Hype and analysis, this paper samples example pieces from news and academic literature that exaggerate the understanding abilities in using words including \"understand\"\"comprehension\"\"recall factual knowledge\", and argues that the current LMs have the ability no other than learning the surface linguistic forms of language rather than understanding them. In section What is meaning?, this paper clarifies the meaning of language as the communicative intent that a parole intends to express, and distinguishes the concept \"meaning\" and \"truth\" as the truth is the meaning that is \"grounded\" to the real world. In section The octopus test, this paper detailedly tells a thought experiment of a super intelligent octopus who can mimic the human response by never receiving the knowledge of the grounded real world of the language meaning, by which this paper argues that it might be that how the language receiver decodes the communicative intends affects the conventional meaning of language. In section More constrained thought experiments, two more thought experiments are provided, training the JAVA and training the English LMs without providing the executing methods the communicative intends, and the paper argues that such tasks are impossible. In section Human language acquisition, this paper supports its idea by providing the example of human children's acquiring knowledge is not only grounded on the world image, but also in the interaction with other people. In section Distributional semantics, this paper argues that in NLP, two methods based on the instincts above are training distributional models on corpora augmented with perceptual data, and looking to interaction data (according to Wittgenstein's \"meaning in use\").
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#information-theory-based-compositional-distributional-semantics-2021","title":"Information Theory-based Compositional Distributional Semantics (2021)","text":"According to the abstract, the contribution of this paper can be concluded as proposing the notion of Information Theory-based Compositional Distributional Semantics (ICDS): (i) We first establish formal properties for embedding, composition, and similarity functions based on Shannon\u2019s Information Theory; (ii) we analyze the existing approaches under this prism, checking whether or not they comply with the established desirable properties; (iii) we propose two parameterizable composition and similarity functions that generalize traditional approaches while fulfilling the formal properties; and finally (iv) we perform an empirical study on several textual similarity datasets that include sentences with a high and low lexical overlap, and on the similarity between words and their description. In section Introduction, the author introduces Frege's concepts of compositionality and contextuality, which respectively refers to that \"the meaning of the whole is a function of the meaning of its parts and the syntactic way in which they are combined\", and that \"the meaning of words and utterances is determined by their context\". This section also introduces the main concern of lacking systematicity by the linguists to the NLP, where systematicity is defined as \"A system is said to exhibit systematicity if, whenever it can process a sentence, it can process systematic variants, where systematic variation is understood in terms of permuting constituents or (more strongly) substituting constituents of the same grammatical category.\" Thus, this section introduces that this paper aims to propose a novel system called Information Theory-based Compositional Distributional Semantics (ICDS). In section Related Work, the author introduces a set of properties in selective proper text representation paradigms which includes \"systematicity\", \"usage context\", \"continuity\", and \"information measurbility\", and introduces a series of previous work under this standard. In section Theoretical Framework, this paper first establishes a geometric interpretation of ICDS, that \"The direction of an embedding represents the pragmatic meaning, and the vector norm of embedding represents how much information the literal utterance provides about its meaning in the pragmatic context\", and then proposes the concept of ICDS as \"there are minimal linguistic units whose semantics are determined by their use and whose amount of information is determined by their specificity. On the other hand, the systematicity of language can be captured by compositional mechanisms while preserving the amount of information of the composite utterance\". Section Formal Definition and Properties formally defines the concepts involved in ICDS, where (\\(\\pi\\),\\(\\delta\\), \\(\\bigodot\\)) stand for \"embedding\", \"semantic similarity\", and \"composition function\" respectively. This section points out the embedding function properties (information measurability and angular isometry), composition function properties (composition neutral element, composition norm monotonicity, and sensitivity to stricture), and similarity function properties (angular distance simialrity monotonicity, orthogonal embedding similarity monotonicity, and equidistant embedding simialrity monotonicity). In section Function Analysis and Generalization, this research evaluates several current embedding vector with the proposed framework, while in section Experiment, the semantic representation abilities of several prevailing LLMs including BERT and GPT are evaluated.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#contrastive-explanations-for-model-interpretability-2021","title":"Contrastive Explanations for Model Interpretability (2021)","text":"This paper proposes a data augmentation method to generate counterexample on the bases of NLI datasets, and proves that by training on patterns \"why A rather than B\" with contrastive learning methods, the model performs better than the previous NLI baselines.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/explainable_nlp/#using-counterfactual-contrast-to-improve-compositional-generalization-for-multi-step-quantitative-reasoning-2023","title":"Using counterfactual contrast to improve compositional generalization for multi-step quantitative reasoning (2023)","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/","title":"Math Word Problems","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#an-introduction-to-math-word-problems","title":"An Introduction to Math Word Problems","text":"The math word problem (MWP) aims to solve simple primary school math problems (in plain-text format) with deep learning methods. The problems usually consists of numbers no larger than 100 and only 5 operators (+, -, *, / and =). This blog is structured as follows. The Dataset part will introduce two main types, one indicating the locations of variables, and the other simply embedding the math formula within the natural language texts. The Methods parts will introduce several prevailing methods in solving this task, including both the models and workflows that improves the accuracy of models.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#surveys","title":"Surveys","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#the-gap-of-semantic-parsing-a-survey-on-automatic-math-word-problem-solvers-2019","title":"The Gap of Semantic Parsing: A Survey on Automatic Math Word Problem Solvers (2019)","text":"This survey provides a comprehensive introduction to the MWP datasets and methods prior to 2019. This survey defines three stages of MWP solving, the Rule-based matching stage (1960-2010), Semantic parsing, feature engineering and statistical learning stage (2011-2017), and Deep learning and reinforcement learning stage (2017-2019).
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#towards-tractable-mathematical-reasoning-challenges-strategies-and-opportunities-for-solving-math-word-problems-2021","title":"Towards Tractable Mathematical Reasoning: Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities for Solving Math Word Problems (2021)","text":"This survey introduces the contemporary MWP datasets til 2021, and methods including rule-based, and neural network encoder-decoder structures. Specifically, this paper concludes three strategies for math word solving, (i) direct answer generation, (ii) expression tree generation for inferring answers, and (iii) template retrieval for answer computation. Considering the type of problem solving method, this paper concludes two classes. The first class is non-neural approaches (rule-base or pattern matching approaches, semantic parsing, and statistical machine learning approaches), within which a particular strategy of applying domain knowledge in classifying the problems (e.g. into change, part-whole and compare classes). The second class is neural approaches, including intuitions of (i) predicting the answer directly (ii) generating a set of equations or mathematical expressions and inferring answers from the by executing them (iii) retrieving the templates from a pool of templates derived from training data and augmenting numerical quantities to compute the answer. These neural approaches generally follow encoder-decoder architectures, which fall in four types (i) seq-to-seq (ii) Transformer-to-tree (iii) seq-to-tree (iv) graph-to-tree. Among the four methods, the tree-structured decoder attend both parents and siblings to generate the next token, while the bottom-up representation of sub-tree of a sibling could further help to derive better outcomes. The graph-based encoder aims to learn different types of relationships among the constituents of MWPs. This section also mentions that \"Data augmentation is a popular preprocessing technique to increase the size of training data\" (reverse operation-based augmentation techniques, different traversal orders of expression trees, and weak supervision). In section Math Reasoning in Neural Approaches, this paper mentions several further topics under math reasoning, interpretability and explainability, infusing explicit and definitive knowledge, and reinforcement learning.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#datasets","title":"Datasets","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#mawps-a-math-word-problem-repository-2016","title":"MAWPS: A Math Word Problem Repository (2016)","text":"sroy9/mawps: Code for MAWPS: A Math Word Problem Repository (github.com) The data format is as follows.
[\n{\n\"iIndex\": 1,\n\"sQuestion\": \"Joan found 70.0 seashells on the beach. She gave Sam some of her seashells . She has 27.0 seashells . How many seashells did she give to Sam ?\",\n\"lEquations\": [\"X=(70.0-27.0)\"],\n\"lSolutions\": [43.0]\n},\n]\nDeep Neural Solver for Math Word Problems (aclanthology.org) This dataset is in Chinese.
Problem: Dan have 2 pens, Jessica have 4 pens. How many pens do they have in total ? \nEquation: x = 4+2 \nSolution: 6\nMathQA-Dataset (math-qa.github.io) This paper proposes a math dataset which enhances the AQuA dataset by providing fully-specified operational programs. This dataset has a diverse range of operators.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#math-2021","title":"MATH (2021)","text":"arxiv.org/pdf/2103.03874.pdf MATH is a LaTeX format dataset, with its answer highlighted in a square block.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#svmap","title":"SVMAP","text":"arkilpatel/SVAMP: NAACL 2021: Are NLP Models really able to Solve Simple Math Word Problems? (github.com) This dataset does not distinguish the data with the texts. An example data is as follows.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#gsm8k-grade-school-math-2021","title":"GSM8k: grade school math (2021)","text":"Collected by OpenAI, this dataset consists of math problems in natural language descriptions, with the math formulas highlighted with special notes.The numbers are not explicitly highlighted with special symbols. Several examples of the data format are as follows.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#draw","title":"DRAW","text":"Providing 1000 grounded word problems.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#algebra","title":"Algebra","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#asdiv","title":"AsDiv","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#multiarith","title":"MultiArith","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#singleeq","title":"SingleEq","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#methods","title":"Methods","text":""},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#models","title":"Models","text":"Prior to 2017, the models for solving MWP are mainly concerning with neural networks. After Transformer has been released in 2017, attention-based models have been thriving. The novel models based on Transformer are mainly modifying the encoder and decoder structures, among which there are graph-encoder and tree-decoders.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#graph-to-tree-learning-for-solving-math-word-problems-2020","title":"Graph-to-Tree Learning for Solving Math Word Problems (2020)","text":"This paper proposes a attention-based model Graph2Tree, consisting of graph-based encoder and a tree-based decoder. The math word problems are constructed into Quantity Comparison Graph.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#math-word-problem-solving-with-explicit-numerical-values-2021","title":"Math Word Problem Solving with Explicit Numerical Values (2021)","text":"A novel approach called NumS2T is proposed to solve MWP. NumS2T is constructed with (a) an attention-based seq2seq model to generate its math expressions, (b) a numerical value encoder to obtain the number-aware problem state which are then concatenated with the problem hidden state in (a) to obtain number-aware problem representation, and (c) a numerical properties prediction mechanism for comparing the paired numerical values, determining the category of each numeral and measuring whether they should appear in the target expression.!
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#learning-to-reason-deductively-math-word-problem-solving-as-complex-relation-extraction-2022","title":"Learning to Reason Deductively: Math Word Problem Solving as Complex Relation Extraction (2022)","text":"This paper proposes a novel approach
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#workflows","title":"Workflows","text":"Most of the recent works follow the method of knowledge distilling, which means to generate high quality data with LLMs and then train a small model with the generated (and sometimes then augmented) data. The workflow of such tasks mainly assembles that of the following paper.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#large-language-models-are-reasoning-teachers","title":"Large Language Models Are Reasoning Teachers","text":"This paper proposes a knowledge distilling method in solving math reasoning problems.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#solving-math-word-problems-via-cooperative-reasoning-induced-language-models-acl-2023","title":"Solving Math Word Problems via Cooperative Reasoning induced Language Models (ACL 2023)","text":"This paper develops a cooperative reasoning-induced PLM for solving MWPs called Cooperative Reasoning (CoRe), with a generator to generate reasoning paths and a verifier to supervise the evaluation.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#scaling-relationship-on-learning-mathematical-reasoning-with-large-language-models-2023","title":"Scaling Relationship on Learning Mathematical Reasoning with Large Language Models (2023)","text":"This paper mainly focus on the following two questions: (i) Which is a better performance indicator of LLMs? (pre-training loss amount/model size) (ii) How to improve small model's performance by data augmentation? To answer the second question, this paper proposes a novel methods in data augmentation in the LLM data generation step which is called Rejection Finetuning (RFT). The algorithm of sampling data in RFT mainly adopts the thought of rejection sampling, which is expressed in the following pseudo-code. This paper assumes such an algorithm will yield as many as possible diverse reasoning paths. The workflow of the RFT method is illustrated as follows, where the SFT stands for supervised finetuning. With the novel method RFT, small models such as Llama-7b yields an accuracy of at most 49.7% on GSM8k, 14% higher than the previous SOTA method SFT.
"},{"location":"DL/NLPTheory/mwp/#pal","title":"PAL","text":"This work is a prompt engineering work.
Q: Roger has 5 tennis balls. He buys 2 more cans of tennis balls. Each can has 3 tennis balls. How many tennis balls does he have now? \nA: Roger started with 5 tennis balls. tennis_balls = 5 2 cans of 3 tennis balls each is bought_balls = 2 * 3 tennis balls. The answer is answer = tennis_balls + bought_balls \nQ: The bakers at the Beverly Hills Bakery baked 200 loaves of bread on Monday morning. They sold 93 loaves in the morning and 39 loaves in the afternoon. A grocery store returned 6 unsold loaves. How many loaves of bread did they have left?\nA: The bakers started with 200 loaves loaves_baked = 200 They sold 93 in the morning and 39 in the afternoon loaves_sold_morning = 93 loaves_sold_afternoon = 39 The grocery store returned 6 loaves. loaves_returned = 6 The answer is answer = loaves_baked - loaves_sold_morning - loaves_sold_afternoon + loaves_returned\nIt is commonly considered that the subject linguistics consists of 6 main branches.
Liguistics\n | -------------\n | - | Phonetics |\n | ------------- -> Interface: TODO\n | - | Phonology |\n | ------------- -> Interface: \n | - | Morphology |\n | ------------- -> Interface: \n | - | Syntax |\n | ------------- -> Interface: \n | - | Semantics |\n | ------------- -> Interface: \n | - | Pragmatics |\n | -------------\nBesides, border topics of linguistics include - Psycholinguistics - Phylosophy of linguistics - Computational linguistics
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/","title":"TODO","text":"Aug. 25th. 2023
This talk aims both to provide an introduction to the subject Philosophy of Language (a similar subject with semantics and pragmatics, according to its definition; PoL hereafter), and give a summary on the recent ongoing discussion on the linguistics concepts in NLP (e.g. \"meaning\", \"understanding\", \"reasoning\", \"grounding\").
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#a-preview-of-this-talk","title":"A Preview of This Talk","text":"1st 40min: History of philosophy of language 2nd 40min: Recent papers and discussions on PoL topics in NLP 3rd 10min: Discussion on take-away
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#the-location-of-pol-on-the-academic-coordinate","title":"The Location of PoL on the Academic Coordinate","text":"Before we start this talk, we will first provide a brief definition of the term Philosophy of Language in our talk here. The PoL concerns mainly the two following questions, (i) The relationship between the natural language and the world, (ii) The relationship between the human languages and their meaning. Chen (2003) believes that the PoL and the linguistics are two different subjects. He suggests that the linguistics is the study of language rules and patterns and the application of them, while the PoL pays more attention on the more abstract and essential features of the human language (e.g. its relation to the cognition). The author of this talk believes, according to the definition of PoL, it is a subject that closely involves the semantics and pragmatics branches in linguistics. However the PoL and linguistics overlap or not, it is commonly believed that the subject PoL was born in the 1920s, when the linguistic turn was put on stage in the European philosophy.
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#history-of-pol","title":"History of PoL","text":"Now we will dive into the history of PoL. This section is parted \"person by person\". It is noticed that \"person-by-person\" is a common structure of most of the philosophy history, as most of the philosophy progresses are propelled by giants instead of the common people.
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#gottfried-wilhelm-leibniz","title":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz","text":"The main contribution of Leibniz is
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#ferdinand-de-saussure","title":"Ferdinand de Saussure","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#friedrich-ludwig-gottlob-frege","title":"Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#bertrand-russell","title":"Bertrand Russell","text":"Bertrand Russell is a pure logician.
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#ludwig-wittgenstein","title":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_en_todo/#noam-chomsky","title":"Noam Chomsky","text":""},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/","title":"Philosophy of Language \u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66","text":"Nov. 9th. 2022
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#talk","title":"\u8fd9\u6b21talk\u4f1a\u8bb2\u4ec0\u4e48","text":"\u2705\u00a0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u6f6e\u6d41\u53d8\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u8054
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#pol","title":"PoL","text":"\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a 1. \u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb 2. \u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u8bed\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u95ee\u9898
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"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#history-of-pol","title":"History of PoL","text":"\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\uff1a\u63d0\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7b80\u5386\u4eba\u5de5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52aa\u529b
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\u300a\u6982\u5ff5\u6587\u5b57\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u4eff\u7b97\u672f\u8bed\u8a00\u6784\u9020\u7684\u7eaf\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u4eba\u5de5\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4fee\u8f9e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u6392\u9664\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u5957\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u7b97\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6240\u6709\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a8\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u63a8\u7406\u4e0d\u518d\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8df3\u8dc3\u548c\u8131\u8282\u3002
\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7b97\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e09\u6761\u8457\u540d\u539f\u5219\uff1a
\u4e24\u4e2a\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a
\u6307\u79f0\u76f8\u540c\u800c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd
\u201c\u542f\u660e\u661f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u957f\u5e9a\u661f\u201d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u9897\u884c\u661f\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u91d1\u661f\u3002\n\u4f46\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u80fd\u66ff\u6362\u3002\n\u201c\u4ed6\u5929\u8fd8\u6ca1\u4eae\u5c31\u8d77\u8eab\uff0c\u8fce\u7740\u542f\u660e\u661f\u5411\u4e1c\u8d70\u53bb\u3002\u201d\n\u51fd\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba
\uff08 \uff09\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9996\u90fd\n\uff08 \uff09= \"\u4f26\u6566\"\u3001\"\u5317\u4eac\"\n\u53ea\u6709\u586b\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u624d\u662f\u771f\u547d\u9898\n\u7f57\u7d20\uff1a\u903b\u8f91
\u6df1\u5165\u4e13\u540d\u548c\u901a\u540d\u3001\u6096\u8bba\u3001\u6392\u4e2d\u5f8b\u3002
\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\uff1a
\u524d\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b
\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u53f8\u9a6c\u5149\u662f\u5510\u671d\u4eba\u201d\u7b26\u5408\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002
\u56fe\u50cf\u8bba
\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u547d\u9898\u7684\u603b\u548c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002
\u4eba\u5728\u4ea4\u6d41\u601d\u60f3/\u547d\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u662f\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u3002
\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5b66\u6d3e\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u8bed\u8a00
\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4ee5\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff08Esperanto\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5bf9\u201c\u5973\u4eba\u201d\u201c\u5973\u6027\u201d\u201c\u5973\u58eb\u201d\u201c\u5987\u5973\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6307\u79f0\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002
\u540e\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b
\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\uff08Sprachspiel\uff09
\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u558a\u51fa\u8bed\u8bcd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8bcd\u6765\u884c\u52a8\u3002
\u8001\u5e08\u6307\u7740\u77f3\u5934\u8bf4\u201c\u77f3\u5934\u201d\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u8ddf\u7740\u8bf4\u201c\u77f3\u5934\u201d\u3002\n\u4e22\u624b\u7ee2\u65f6\u5531\u7740\u201c\u8f7b\u8f7b\u5730\u653e\u5728\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8eab\u540e\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u624b\u7ee2\u653e\u5728\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8eab\u540e\n\u4e0e\u524d\u671f\u56fe\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u6620\uff1b\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002
\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u9524\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\uff0c\n\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u628a\u9524\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\n\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u9524\u5b50\u610f\u5473\u7740\u2026\u2026\u201d\n\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u628a\u9524\u5b50\u201d\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u9524\u5b50\n\u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u201c\u6709\u7528\u201d\u201c\u5229\u7528\u201d\uff1f\n\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u80fd\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u3002\n\u8bed\u8a00\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u7c7b\u522b
\u5bb6\u65cf\u76f8\u4f3c\u7406\u8bba\uff08Familien\u00e4hnlichkeiten\uff09
\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u6210\u5458\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7709\u6bdb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6b65\u6001\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u4ea4\u53c9\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u201c
\u5185\u6db5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
\u5916\u5ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u542b\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8303\u56f4
\u901a\u540d\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u8bcd\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u540d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u5f81\u3002
\u751f\u6d3b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08Lebens Form\uff09\uff1a\u5e38\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027
\u201c\u626b\u5e1a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u6e05\u6670\u3002\n\u201c\u626b\u5e1a\u628a\u548c\u626b\u5e1a\u5934\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u201d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ea4\u9645\u4e2d\u8ba9\u4eba\u8d39\u89e3\u3002\n\u4eff\u4f5b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u8bf4\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u591a\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u8db3\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#conclusion-of-agreements","title":"Conclusion of Agreements","text":"\u963f\u4f69\u5c14\u603b\u7ed3\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a
\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u6ce8\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u3002
\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f55\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u800c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8f7d\u4f53\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u2192 Linguistic Turn
PoL\u7684\u5176\u5b83topic\uff1a 1. \u6307\u79f0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb 2. \u901a\u540d\u4e0e\u4e13\u540d\uff0c\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u8303\u56f4 3. \u771f\u7406\u7406\u8bba 4. \u300a\u6211\u4eec\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u300b\uff1a\u9690\u55bb\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u7684\u201cxx\u662fxx\u201d\u662f\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5355\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u3002
\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u9690\u55bb
\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6d41\u901d\u3002\n\u4ecb\u8bcd\u662f\u9690\u55bb
I\u2019m feeling up today.\nHe is down.\n\u9ad8\u5174\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u60b2\u4f24\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nWake up.\nHe fell asleep.\n\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nHe fell ill.\nShe dropped dead.\n\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nI have controlled over her.\nHe fell from power.\n\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u6216\u88ab\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\nMy income rose last year.\nThe number of errors is low.\n\u66f4\u591a\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u5c11\u4e3a\u4e0b\u3002\n\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff1a
\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5230\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u3002
\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u641c\u96c6\u8bed\u8a00\u7d20\u6750\u52a0\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002
CNF
S -> AB\nA -> AA | a\nB -> b | e\n\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219 \\(\\Sigma = \\{NP, Vp, T, N, Npsing, NPpl, Aux, V, C, M, En, S, Past, Af\\}\\)
S -> NP + VP\nVP -> Verb + NP\nNP -> Det + N\nVerb -> Aux + V\nDet -> the, a...\nN -> man, ball...\nAux -> will, can...\nV -> hit, see...\n\u4f20\u7edf\uff08\u6210\u5206\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219
1. \u4e3b + \u8c13\n2. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5bbe\n3. \u4e3b + \u7cfb + \u8868\n4. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5bbe + \u53cc\u5bbe\n5. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5bbe + \u5bbe\u8865\n6. \u4e3b + \u8c13 + \u5e76\u5217\u5bbe\n\n...\n\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff081957\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u53e5\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u751f\u6210\u6b65\u9aa4 1. \u751f\u6210\u6838\u5fc3\u53e5\u3002
S -> X1 | X2 | ... Xn\n\u8f6c\u6362\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u66ff\u6362\u3001\u7701\u7565\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u6362\u4f4d\uff09\u3002
X1 -> Y1Z1 | ...\n...\n\u6dfb\u52a0\u5f62\u6001\u97f3\u4f4d\u89c4\u5219\u3002
Z1 -> W1\n...\nZn -> Wn\n\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4
\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784
\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u8bed\u6cd5\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u53e5\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u9636\u6bb5\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u6bb5\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002
\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u3002
\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6df1\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8868\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u6362\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u3002
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8c08\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\uff1f
\u9648\u5609\u6620\u8001\u5e08\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u6574\u6d01\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u629b\u5728\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5916\u3002[\u300a\u8d70\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u7406\u89c2\u300b\uff0c2020]
\u6240\u4ee5\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u79d1\u5b66\u6254\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u3002
\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u5c31\u50cf\u201c\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u70b9\u201d\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#recommended-reading","title":"Recommended Reading","text":"\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u9648\u5609\u6620
\u300a\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u300b\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14
\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766
\u300a\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766
\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u300b\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u83b1\u8003\u592b
\u300a\u5fc3\u667a\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u673a\u5668\u300b\u5f90\u82f1\u747e
"},{"location":"Ling/pol_zh/#_1","title":"\u8ba8\u8bba","text":"\u662f\u5426\u6240\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\uff1f\uff08not NP or NP-hard\uff09
\u53ea\u5b66\u4e60\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\uff1f
\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5/\u673a\u5668\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u8eab\u8981\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b
"},{"location":"Ling/Morphology/","title":"Morphology","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Morphology/#outline","title":"outline","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/ca_da/","title":"Research Methods: Conversation Analysis and Discourse Analysis","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/ca_da/#discourse-analysis","title":"Discourse Analysis","text":"Some discourse analysis are taught in linguistic departments (Johnstone, 2018)
Foucault (1972, 1980) use 'discourse' to refer to the ways of talking and thinking constitute ideologies (set of interrelated ideas) and serve to circulate power in society, and in the sense involved patterns of belief and habitual actions as well as patterns of language.
Johnstone, Barbara. 2018. Discourse Analysis (3rd ed.). UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/ca_da/#conversational-analysis","title":"Conversational Analysis","text":"Definition
Conversation analysis is the study of interactional activities. The object being studied involves at least two persons.
Unit
conversation > sequence > adjacency pair > turn
types of adjacency pairs
turn-taking feature
One involved in a conversation is supposed to give floor to the other party (parties) at a proper point of time. to keep the balance between the time one spends talking and the time the others spend talking.
pre-sequence
insertion sequence
A: Are you coming tonight?\nB: Can I bring a guest?\nA: Male or female?\nB: What difference does that make?\nA: An issue of balance.\nB: Female.\nA: Sure.\nB: Yeah, I\u2019ll be there.\npreference organization
first part second part preferred dispreferred assessment agree disagree invitation accept refuse offer accept decline proposal agree disagree request acccept refuse"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/","title":"Introduction and Concepts","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/#what-is-pragmatics","title":"What is Pragmatics","text":"Charles W. Morris (1901-1979) American semiotician and philosopher. supervised by Charles S. Pierce. In his Foundations of the Theory of Signs (1938), Morris proposed that semiotics should have three divisions:
syntax -------------> semantics -------------> pragmatics\n \u2b06\ufe0f\u00a0 \u2b06\ufe0f\u00a0 \n decoding use in context\nDuring the course of everyday communication, human beings as social animals convey more than the literal, propositional meaning (i.e. we don\u2019t always mean what we say literally).
There is more to the literal meaning of a sentence when we consider the sentence in relation to the context, i.e., the situation of uttering the sentence.
Sentence that cannot be considered in isolation \u2192 utterance
Pragmatics looks beyond truth-conditional meanings, and explores non-literal, implicit, context-related meanings.
Thus both semantics and pragmatics deal with meaning, yet there is a division of labour: semantics deals with meaning in context.
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/#levels","title":"Levels","text":"Definition
Deixis and context: Deictic does not have concrete meanings. Deictic words depend on context for meaning.
linguistic context: refers to the language surrounding the expression in question
The boy said he has five girlfriends.\nBoth he and the boy refer to the boy.
He refers to the boy anaphorically, the boy refer to the boy deictically.
Types of deixis
defined in relation to the deictic center (person, time, place, discourse, social)
symbolic: symbolic usages of deictic terms
personal deixis
The deictic cycle. Harman, 1990.
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/intro/#reference","title":"Reference","text":"Definition: The act of using a word/phrase to pick out something in the world.
Types of referring expressions (\u6307\u793a\u8bed)
Choice of referring expressions: based on the speaker\u2019s assumption about what the listener knows.
Conditions for successful reference: must be collaborative
Differences between semantic and pragmatic presuppositions
for pragmatic presupposition
cancellation of presuppositions
Presuppositions are cancellable or defeasible by changing the words to alter the previous proposition.
F: \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u517b\u732b\u4e86\n~F: \u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u6ca1\u517b\u732b\nprojection problem
presupposition may not survive when simple sentences are projected into complex ones.
Mary didnt manage to find a job.\nMary didnt manage to find a job. In fact, she didnt even try.\nMike didnt date Mary again.\nMike didnt date Mary gain, if indeed he ever did.\npresupposition triggers (\u89e6\u53d1\u8bed): how to determine speakers\u2019 presupposition in the course of verbal communication?
Definite descriptions \u6709\u5b9a\u63cf\u5199: It gives definite descriptions associated with presuppositions of existence. e.g. the/this/that + NP, 3rd person pronoun, possessive + N (my, your, his/her).
Sue's neighbour's daughter got married last week.\n=> Sue has a neighbour.\n=> The neighbour has a daughter.\nFactive verbs \u5b9e\u60c5\u52a8\u8bcd: sth has happened. e.g. regret, realize, know, be aware that, be sorry that, be glad that, be proud that, be pleased that, be odd, be strange, be disappointed that.
John regretted having started the project.\n=> He started the project.\nImplicative verbs \u542b\u84c4\u52a8\u8bcd: e.g. manage, forget, happen, avoid\u2026
I forgot to bring the book.\n=> I ought to have brought the book.\n\nWe happened to meet Bob in the cinema.\n=> We didnt expect to meet Bob in the cinema.\n\u201cChange of state\u201d verbs \u8868\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd: e.g. finish, stop, begin, start, carry on, continue, cease, leave, arrive, enter, come, go, turn, transform..
He stopped / didnt stop smoking cigars\nIteratives \u8868\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed: words expressing repetition. e.g. repeat, back, again, too, another time, any more..
The spaceship came back to earth.\n=> The spaceship used to be on earth.\nVerbs of judging \u5224\u65ad\u6027\u52a8\u8bcd: accuse, charge, criticize \u603b\u611f\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddf\u524d\u9762\u7684factive verb\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u524d\u9762\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u52a0that\u8868that\u540e\u9762\u7684\u662fpresuppotion, \u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027(e.g. \u60c5\u611f\u8272\u5f69) \u4f46\u662f\u597d\u50cf\u533a\u522b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5927
Joe accused Zeo of forgery.\n=> Joe thinks forgery is bad\nTemporal clauses \u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5: before, after, since, ..
After his father died, he stepped into a large fortune.\n=> His father died.\nCleft sentence \u5207\u5206\u53e5/\u65ad\u88c2\u53e5: it is.. that/who.. = \u5f3a\u8c03\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u597d\u7275\u5f3a\u3002\u3002
What I lost is my passport\n=> I lost something.\nNon-restrictive attributive clauses
Jack, who visited China last year, is fond of Chinese tea.\n=> Jack has been to China\nCounterfactual conditionals
If I had not burnt the cake, we would be having it for tea.\n=> I burnt the cake.\nQuestions
Does Frank speak English or French?\n=> Frank speaks one of the two European languages.\nImplicature
Grice\u2019s theory of conversational implicature, Logic and Conversation.
An outline of a systematic theory of language use, which can account for the way people read between the lines when understanding everyday language.
meaning of a sentence
Grice\u2019s new terms
Grice draws a distinction
- Smith doesn't seem to have a girlfriend these days.\n\n- He has been paying a lot of visits to New York lately.\n\n=> entailment: he visits New York recently\n=> implicature: Smith may be having a girlfriend in New York.\nfeatures
Grice\u2019s cooperative principle
common purpose/common direction: Conversational partners normally recognize a common purpose or a common direction in their conversation.
common objectives (~= joint project): At any point of a conversation, certain \u201cconversational moves\u201d are judged suitable or unsuitable for accomplishing their common objectives.
How the cooperative principle is applied:
How to follow the maxims:
How to break the maxims:
The cooperative maxims are guidelines instead of rules. They can be creatively infringed/violated.
quantity:
Chandler: Where is the book you are reading?\nMonica: Its in the living room where there is also light and no one will kick you in the shin.\nquality
Two travelers arrived at the hotel and were shown a rather dirty room.\n\u201cWhat,\u201d said one, \u201cdoes this pigsty (\u732a\u5708) cost?\u201d Promptly the owner replied, \u201cFor one pig, two dollars; for two pigs, three dollars.\u201d\nrelation
(The American ambassador Joseph Chroates was once mistaken for a doorman by a guest at an embassy function).\nGuest: Call me a taxi.\nJC: OK, you\u2019re a taxi.\nmanner
Miss X sang \u201cHome Sweet Home\u201d vs.\nMiss X produced a series of sounds which corresponded closely with the score (\u4e50\u8c31) of \u2018Home Sweet Home\u2019.\nThe Horn scales & scalar implicature
When any form on a scale (most, some, always, often, must, may\u2026) is used or asserted, the negative of all forms higher on the scale is implicated.
types of implicature
graph TD\nimplicatures --> conventional/lexical\nimplicatures --> conversational\nconversational --> generalized\nconversational --> particularized\nCriticism of relevance theory
To calculate the processing cost,
Lexical pragmatics
pragmatic enrichment
graph TD\n\npragmatic_enrichment --> pragmatic_narrowing\npragmatic_enrichment --> pragmatic_broadening\npragmatic_broadening --> approximation\npragmatic_broadening --> metaphorical_extension\npragmatic narrowing: superordinate \u2192 subordinate
Doctors also *drink*.\n=> drink alcohol\npragmatic broadening
\u8fd9\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8bb2\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f. \u7c98\u4e00\u70b9ppt\u539f\u8bdd
Intercultural Pragmatics
Intercultural Pragmatics has the potential to help establish a \u201charmonious\u201d interaction and relationship between people from different cultures.
IP aims to study how to deal with the differences arising from cross-cultural communication and how they may affect the universality of pragmatic principles (theory of speech acts, co-
operative principle, politeness principle, etc.)
intercultural pragmatics\u2019 two way perspective
sociopragmatics
Speech action definition:
Speech act theory:
locutionary act \u8a00\u5185\u884c\u4e3a: is the saying of it with the literal meaning
It's stuffy here.\n=> There isn't enough fresh air in here\nillocutionary act \u8a00\u5916\u884c\u4e3a: the speaker\u2019s intention, can be a request
It's stuffy here.\n=> a request of the receiver to open the window.\nperlocutionary act \u8a00\u540e\u884c\u4e3a: action or state of mind brought about by, or as a consequence of, saying something
It's stuffy here.\n=> the receiver opens the window or refuses\nA speech act = locutionary act + illocutionary act + perlocutionary act
Illocutionary force \u8bed\u529b: communicative purposes or social functions
Classification of speech act
Funtion-based classification system:
by John Searle, UCB philosopher
Structure-based classification system:
Development of Gricean theory
Definition of politeness theory
Conversationalists work together, each trying to maintain his/her own face and the face of his/her counterpart.
type of face
Acts involved
Leech\u2019s six Politeness Principle: extension of Gricean theory
(Note that the term \u2018neo-Gricean\u2019 is most often used to describe the works of Laurence Horn, Stephen Levinson, etc. not other theories e.g. relevance theory)
"},{"location":"Ling/Pragmatics/theories/#relevance-theory","title":"Relevance Theory","text":"Only preserving the maxim of relation in Gricean theory
Definition of relevance theory
its investigates how aspects of meaning are generated in context and in relation to the speakers intentions.
R(relevance) = E(#contextual effects)/C(cost of efforts in obtaining E)
Relevance is higher when cognitive effects are higher, but it is lower when more processing efforts is required.
Two aspects of relevance principle
cognitive principle of relevance
Human cognition is geared towards the maximization of relevance.
The degree of relevance of a cognitive activity is governed by
it is only worth an addressee\u2019s time and effort to process some information if the ratio of rewards to effort is sufficiently high.
Every act of ostensive communication automatically carries with it the utterer\u2019s belief in its optimal relevance.
Application of RT
disambiguation
(1) She has a mole on her left cheek.\n(2) They managed to place a mole in the rival organization.\nassignment of reference
A: I\u2019ll make the salad dressing.\nB: The oil is on the top shelf.\nA: I can\u2019t see it.\nenrichment
A: When you\u2019ve finished the dishes will you post these letters?\nB: I will.\n=> what B really means is \u201cI will post those letters when I\u2019ve finished the dishes.\nimplicature
A: Did Chris get invited to the conference?\nB: His paper was too long.\n=> Chris didn\u2019t get invited to the conference.\n1 - Definition Clearification
This chapter provides a brief introduction to the terminologies involved in semantics.\n2 - Logics & Formal Semantics
This chapter first introduces the semiotics in formal semantics (which adopts a similar system with that in the logics). It then discusses about the semantics in two perspectives: the propositional logic and the predicate logic. It also introduces several basic rules in logic inference.\n3 - Scope Ambiguity
This chapter discusses on the unsolved questions in scope ambiguity.\nmid-term: 35%
final: 50%
participation: 15%
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#two-tests","title":"Two tests","text":"Two tests will be given during the term, one in the middle and one at the end of the term, covering all the material covered up to that point in the course. The tests will be a combination of various types of questions, including true/false and short essay.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#final-review-for-fun","title":"Final Review & For Fun","text":"The following parts are written in preparation for the final review but I upload it as well for you to read for fun.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#noble-semanticians","title":"Noble Semanticians","text":"Name Field Contribution Live Nation Institution Fun facts Noam Chomsky mainly in syntax generative grammar, transformational grammar, government and binding theory, minimalist program, productivity of language, recursivity of language 1928- USA MIT Most prominent linguist alive Ferdinand de Saussure linguist and semiotician founder of semiotics. concepts: sign, signifier vs. signified, diachronic vs. synchronic, language vs. parole, paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic 1857-1913 Switzerland University of Geneva, Switzerland Charles Sanders Peirce philosopher, mathematician, logician founder of semiotics. concepts: index, icon, symbol. 1839-1914 Milford Pennsylvania JHU Michel Br\u00e9al comparative grammar coined the term \u201csemantics\u201d, diachronic focus 1832-1915 born in Rheinlan (Germany), studied in Paris and Berlin in Paris Leonard Bloomfield structural linguistics structural linguistics, language as a self-regulating system, behaviorism(stimulus-response testing) 1887-1949 Yale University reject introspection Aristotle polymath term logic, initiator of western scientific tradition 384-322 BC Stagira, Greece tutor of Alexander the Great Gottlob Freg philosopher, logician, mathematician predicate logic, sense(sentence\u2019s proposition) vs. reference (its truth value) 1848-1925 German University of Jena extreme right-wing views Peter Geach philosopher, professor of logic donkey sentence (1962) 1916-2013 England Oxford Richard Montegue semanticist Montegue grammar: syntax and semantics go together 1930-1971 student of Alfred Tarski, gay man, killed in his apartment, four influential papers Gareth Evans philosopher philosophy of mind, work on reference, e-type anaphora 1946-1980 England Oxford Irene Heim semanticist definite and indefinite pronouns 1954- German, Munich MIT, phd 1982 advisor: Barbara Partee Hans Kamp philosopher and linguist discourse representation theory (DRT) 1954- Dutch Bertrand Russell philosopher, logician logic, philosophy of mathematician 1872-1970 Wales, Britain Cambridge Henri\u00ebtte de Swart linguist tense and aspect, negation, bare nominals and indefinite noun phrases. She has also investigated the role of semantics in language evolution, and was involved in the development of bidirectional optimality theory. 1961- Dutch director of Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics and Utrecht Institute of Linguistics"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/#example-questions","title":"Example questions","text":"What is a donkey pronoun?
A donkey sentence is such that an expected existential is interpreted as universal taking wide scope.\nWhat is a discourse pronoun:
outside the scope of existing quantifier\ne.g. No student studies semantics. He is outside.\nThe scope of a quantifier is always bound in the clause it appears.
True\nWhat is quantifier raising?
Chmosky and May.\nLF, \nWhat are De Morgan\u2019s laws?
~(p or q) <=> (~p) and (~q)\n~(p and q) <=> (~p) or (~q)\nWhat are conditional laws
p -> q <=> ~p or q\nWhen is the indefinite \u201ca\u201d not an existential quantifier?
1. donkey sentence\n2. generic noun phrase. A woman is difficult to please. \\forall x(Wx -> Dx)\n3. John is a plumber.pj\n2 readings: Some boy smiled at Jane and some boy kissed Molly.
\\exist x(Bx and Sx,j and Kx,m)\n\\exist x(Bx and Sx,j) and \\forall y(By and Ky,m)\n2 Types of Recursion
embedding and coordination\nantecedent vs. postcedent
anaphor vs. cataphor
Predicate logic is suited to capture natural language meaning
allow recursion = recursivity
two sources of recursion
some boy kissed every girl.\n\nEvery girl was kissed by some boy.\nSomeone mentioned tehy called everyone.\n\n\\forall x: Px\\forall y(M(x, Cxy))\nlinear order: negative polarity item
graph TD\n DS -.Transformation.-> SS\n SS -.send off.-> PF\n SS -.send off.-> LF\n PF -.acoustic representation.-> SS\n LF -.semantic interpretation.-> SS\nTransformation:
CALLOUT: annotation, connotation and denotation
annotation
connotation: intension.
A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.
The\u00a0connotations\u00a0of the phrase \"you are a dog\" are that you are physically unattractive or morally reprehensible, not that you are a canine.
A technical term in logic used by J. S. Mill and later logicians to refer to the attribute or aggregate of attributes connoted by a term, and contrasted with\u00a0denotation\u00a0.
The two expressions \"the morning star\" and \"the evening star\" have different\u00a0connotations\u00a0but the same denotation (i.e. the planet Venus).
denotation
Quantifier-raising - NC RM - syntactic structure comes before the semantic structure - The movement we make in SS to remove ambiguity in DS is called quantifier-raising. - take the quantifier to the higher position to show the scope
Quantifier-in - Montague grammar - The derivational illustration is called quantifier-in. - each predicate take an argument once a time
Quantifier storage - Cooper storage - semantic ambiguity not represented in syntactic structure - semantic representation in which scope ambiguities are obtained without special syntactic rules
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#quantifier-in","title":"Quantifier-in","text":"interrogative: asking a question
which woman does every man love?\nwhich scopes over every.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#scope-ambiguity_1","title":"Scope ambiguity","text":"e.g. some boy did not laugh.
\\exist x (Boy(x) and ~Laugh(x))\n~\\exist x (Boy(x) and Laugh(x))\nsome boy kissed no girl.
\\exist x (Boy(x) and ~\\exist y (Girl(y) and Kiss(x, y)))\n~\\exist y (Girl(y) and \\exist x (Boy(x) and Kiss(x, y))): there was no girl kissed by a boy\nevery boy kissed no girl.
\\forall x (Boy(x) and ~\\forall y(Girl(y) and Kiss(x, y)))\nNo boy said he was hungry.
No boy was present. He was outside instead.: \u201che\u201d is trying to refer to \u201dno boy\u201d but outside the scope.
pronoun \\(\\sub\\) anaphora
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#discourse-anaphora","title":"Discourse Anaphora","text":"e.g.
Every student was present and she was interested.\nevery: scopes over \u201cEvery student was present\u201d
every: an indefinite quantifier. \u201cshe\u201d\u2019s antecedent is not clear
\u201cshe\u201d is hardly bound by the antecedent. \u201cshe\u201d is free * ungrammatical: \u4e0d\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684, syntactic
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#infelicitous-semantic-fit-the-context","title":"infelicitous: \u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684, semantic, fit the context","text":"discourse pronoun: in separate clauses
sentence quantifier:
Some boy said he was hungry.\nNo boy said he was hungry.\ndiscourse quantifier:
Some boy was present; he was hungry.\n#No boy was present; he was hungry. // he is free\ncoreference individual constants
Fred thought he was the the best\nbinding individual variables
Every student thinks he/she is the best\nSo we may conclude the following rules for e-type anaphora. BUT this part has NOT been verified with any authority. Do NOT take them as given truths during exams.
e.g. No boy thinks that he has a chance.
~\\exist x(Boy(x) and Think(x, Has-a-chance(x)))\nA particular boy said he wanted to kiss every girl. He then did it.
\\exist !x(Bx and W(x, K(x, \\forall y(Gy -> K(x, y))))) and K(x, y)\nif a farmer owns a donkey, he beats it.
* \\exist x (Fx and \\exist y (Dy and O(x, y))) -> B(x, y)\n\\forall x \\forall y (Fx and Dy and O(x, y) -> B(x, y))\n= every farmer who owns a donkey beats it.
\\exist x(Fx and \\exist y (Dy and O(x, y)) -> B(x, y)) // y is free\n\u2757\u2757\u2757
A donkey sentence is such that an expected existential is interpreted as universal taking wide scope.
donkey pronoun can be: it, him, they (can also be plural forms)
\u201ca\u201d: generic indefinite
A woman is a difficult thing to please.\n[Every farmer [who owns a donkey] beats it.]
universal wide scope: it scopes more over the relative clause
The problem - Existential with narrow scope - interpreted as universal with wide scope - in conditional clauses - in restriction of every
Conclusion - the machinery of predicate logic is broken - cannot capture meaning of natural language
If a student tries, she passes the exam.
(\\exist x(Sx and Tx)) -> Py ; y is free\n\\exist x((Sx and Tx)) -> Py)\ninterpretation
\\forall x((Sx and Tx) -> px)\nSolutions for donkey anaphora:
E-type anaphora
initial examples
A student came in. She had a question about the exam.\nshe = the student came in\n\nBill owns some sheep and Max vaccinates them.\nthem = the sheep Bill owns. E-type pronoun, some sheep scopes over the first half\nIf a student likes Copenhagen, she is happy.
she = for every case we examine, the student is \nevery student who reads a semantic paper likes it.
Bill owns a cat. Max takes care of it.\nBill is a cat-owner. #Max takes care of it.\nDRT (Dynamic binding theory)
Unselective binding example of the subject is \u2018unselectively bound\u2019 by a special \u2018generic operator.
Dogs bark.\nA dog barks.\nReference: Unselective Binding
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/ambiguity/#chapter-6-in-short-discoursedonkey-anaphora","title":"Chapter 6 in short: Discourse/Donkey Anaphora","text":"(\u52a0\u7c97\u7684\u662fDonkey anaphora\u548cE-type anaphora\u7684\u533a\u522b)
Discourse: basic unit of interpretation
Donkey sentence: is such that an expected existential is interpreted as universal taking wide scope. / sentences that contain a pronoun with clear meaning but whose syntactical role in the sentence poses challenges to grammarians (wikipedia)
e.g.
every farmer who owns a donkey beats *it*.\nit: (corresponding to the) existential (\"a\") but interpreted as universal\nevery police officer who arrested a murder insulted *him*.\nhim\nevery farmer who owns some sheep cleans *them*.\nthem\ndonkey anaphora = donkey pronoun: it, him, they (can also be plural forms)
Analysis of donkey anaphora: Montague grammar
e.g.
\\forall x(Farmer(x) and \\exist y (Donkey(y) and Owns(x,y)) -> Beat(x,y))\nAnaphoric relations in sentence and discourse - E-type anaphora: pronoun outside the scope of binder, not bound, content of pronoun reconstructed, reconstruction based on context - in separate sentences
```\n A student came in. *She*(the student came in) had a question about the exam.\n ```\n\n- in the same sentence but outside the scope\n ```\n If a student likes Copenhagen, *she*(for every case we examine, the student in question who likes Copenhagen) is happy.\n ```\n\n- problem of compound: antecedent must appear as a noun?\n ```\n Bill owns a cat. Max takes care of it.\n Bill is a cat-owner. # Max takes care of it.\n ```\nAnaphora resolution - TODO
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/","title":"Definition Clarification","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#what-is-semantics","title":"What is semantics?","text":"parenthesis
small dogs and cats: \n- small (dogs and cats)\n- (small dogs) and cats\n\n// example of scope of quantifier\nlogical quantifier
every body did not cry:\n- every not (boy did cry) 'no boy did cry'\n- not every (boy did cry) 'at least one boy did cry'\neverything but the subject e.g. John likes grammar.
content verb or adjective taking arguments e.g. like (John, grammar).
graph TD\n Language_Ability --> Competence\n Language_Ability --> Performance\n Competence --> Grammar\n Competence --> Lexicon\n Grammar --> Semantics\n Grammar --> Phonology\n Grammar --> Syntax\n Grammar --> Pragmantics\nWe can/cannot study syntax without semantics.
Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.\nDeixis is how objects, events and situations relate to the here and now of the speakers. It shows that utterance meaning cannot be fully determined by sentence meaning.
(Last week) (I) play(ed) tennis with Chris.\nDeictic: pointing context Anaphoric: linguistic expression context. pronoun resolution: antecedent - pronoun
\ud83d\udcad index - indices (higher register) / indexes \ud83d\udcad Desiderata (high-register way to say Goal, desideratum. sl.)"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#map-of-semantics-taxomony","title":"Map of Semantics / Taxomony","text":"Semantics - lexical semantics - meaning of lexical items - smaller unites - mainly words - morphemes - compositional semantics - meaning of larger units - phrases and sentences - word combination
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#utterance-sentence-proposition","title":"Utterance / Sentence / Proposition","text":"abiguity: bank, punch, pitcher\nsynonymy: beautiful-lovely, antonymy: male-female\nhyponymy: set -> superset\ntaxonomy: set -> subset\nsymmetric relation: marry. mutually entail each other\nconverse relation: send, sell\nmeronomy: part-whole relationship
subtypes of meronymy
pistachio - almond taxonymy\nlaugh - cry move in - move out\ncry - weep\nRMB - monetary unit\ngrilfriend - wife\nsit - stand\njump - hop\ngood - bad\nbeat - beet\nrise - fall reverse\ncigarette - cigar taxonymy\nkid - goat dragon - monster\nMichel Br\u00e9al: coined semantics
Ferdinand de Saussure: semiotician, diachronic vs. synchronic.
Leonard Bloomfield: structural linguistics, Language, behaviorism(stimulus-response testing). reject introspection(theorize about language learning by thinking about on ones own experience)
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#diachronic-synchronic","title":"Diachronic & Synchronic","text":"Noam Chomsky Syntax
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#generative-grammar","title":"Generative Grammar","text":"e.g. Flying planes can be dangerous.
graph TD\n are --> planes\n planes --> flying\n are --> dangerous\ngraph TD\n is --> flying\n flying --> planes\n is --> dangerous\nanaphora
John said he would helps.\nNo boy said he would help. no boy: all the boy not, not exist a boy\ncoreference(coreferential): refer to same person
notes: cf. compare, e.g. for example
graph TD\n Inference --> Entailment\n Inference --> Presuppositions\n Inference --> Implicature\nany conclusion drawn from a set of propositions, from something someone has said and so on.
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/definitions/#entailment","title":"Entailment","text":"Three girls were present. -> More than two girls were present.\nThree girls were not present. kills More than two girls were present.\nCannot be cancelled
# Three girls were present, but actually two girls come.\n#: semantically wrong\nJim regrets ignoring the first problem. -> Jim has the first problem.\nJim does not regret ignoring the first problem. -> Jim has the first problem.\ncannot be cancelled
# Jim regrets ignoring the first problem, but he does not have the first problem.\nSusan blushes when Jim looks at her, but she does not have a crush on him.\nProposed by Noam Chomsky, the term compositionality entails three dimension.
The meaning of the whole is a function of the meaning of its parts and the way they are put together.: \u2026 is determined by\u2026
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/","title":"Logics & Formal Semantics","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#metalanguage","title":"Metalanguage","text":"a. January has 31 days.\nb. *******January******* has 7 letters.\nb*. 'January' has 7 letters.\nLiar sentence
(31) Sentence (31) is false.\nsolutions: (\u4e0d\u8003)
fuzzy logic
x = NOT(x)\nx = 1 - x\nx = 0.5\nAlfred Tarski paradox arises only in languages that are \u201csemantically closed\u201d.
Arthur Prior equivalent
This statement is false.\nThis statement is true and this statement is false.\nSaul Kripke Whether a sentence is paradoxical or not can be depend upon contingent facts.
A majority of what Jones says about me is false.\nSmith is a big spender.\nSmith is soft on crime.\nEverything Smith says about me is true.\nIf a statement's truth value is ultimately tied up in some evaluable fact about the world, that statement is \"grounded\". If not, that statement is \"ungrounded\". Ungrounded statements do not have a truth value. Liar statements and liar-like statements are ungrounded, and therefore have no truth value.
Jon Barwise and John Etchemendy \u201cdenial\u201d or \u201cnegation\u201d
Dialetheism
Dialetheism is the view that there are true contradictions. Dialetheism raises its own problems. Chief among these is that since dialetheism recognizes the liar paradox, an intrinsic contradiction, as being true, it must discard the long-recognized\u00a0principle of explosion, which asserts that any proposition can be deduced from a contradiction, unless the dialetheist is willing to accept trivialism \u2013 the view that\u00a0all propositions are true. Since trivialism is an intuitively false view, dialetheists nearly always reject the explosion principle. Logics that reject it are called\u00a0paraconsistent.
Non-cognitivism
logic overview
graph TD\n Logic --> Logic_from_antiquity\n Logic --> Predicate_Logic\n Logic_from_antiquity --> Term_Logic\n Logic_from_antiquity --> Propositional_Logic\nlogic from antiquity: older
predicate logic: newer
Aristotle: term logic
Gottlob Frege: predicate logic
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#history-of-logics","title":"History of Logics","text":"Not applied for - question (?) - exclamation - modal: modal logic
\ud83d\udcad ergo: therefore"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#term-logic","title":"Term logic","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#modus-ponens","title":"Modus Ponens","text":"Means of putting, MP syllogism, affirming the antecedent
P(conditional statement): If it rain, I do not go to school.\nH: It rains.\nC: I do not go to class.\nFormal fallacy: affirming the consequent. Abductive reasoning.
P: If it rains, I will not go to class.\nH: I do not go to class.\nC: * It rains.\nMeans of carrying, MT syllogism, denying the consequent.
P: If it has not been cloudy, it does not rain.\nH: It rains.\nC: It has been cloudy.\nprinciple of transitivity
P: If it rains, the soils goes wet. If the soil goes wet, the plants grow.\nH: It rains.\nC: The plants grow.\ntwo premises and a conclusion
P: It either rains or its sunny.\nH: It rains.\nC: It is not sunny.\nDeductive reasoning
general to the particular. based on entailment
Inductive reasoning
particular to the general. empiricism
Abductive reasoning
formal fallacy. All dogs bark, Fido barks, Fido is a dog.
Abductive reasoning allows inferring a as an explanation of b. As a result of this inference, abduction allows the precondition a to be abducted from the consequence b.
Properly used, abductive reasoning can be a useful source of\u00a0priors in\u00a0Bayesian statistics.
John is friendly or John is not friendly.\nJohn is friendly and John is not friendly.\nIt is not the case that John is not friendly.\ncontingent.
It is not the case that John is hungry or John is not grumpy.\nconverse: q\u2192p. affirming the consequent
inverse: ~p\u2192~q. denying the antecedent
contrapositive: ~q\u2192~p. modus tollens
given p\u2192q.
Although it was extremely cold, Sally did not stay indoors.
~q->p\np and ~q\nWe get a holiday, or we protest.
~p->q\np or q\nJone said that Jane helped him.
p\np and q\nJohn\u2019s sister burped
p: John has a sister. presupposition, assume it true\nq: This sister burped.\np\np and q\nJohn arrives before Jane left
p before q\nJohn did not arrive before Jane left.
~p before q\np ~before q\nuniversal quantifier: every, each, all, any, only
existential quantifier: a, some, there is \\(\\exist\\), for all \\(\\forall\\)
predicate, argument
John may like Sally.
predicate: may like\nJohn has a crush on Sally.
predicate: has a crush on\nFrank is the father of Susan.
predicate: is the father of\nFrank is Susan\u2019s father.
predicate: is...'s father\nAdjunct: if, probably, means, of course, early
Valent, empty place holder: formal subject
"},{"location":"Ling/Semantics/formal_semantics/#collective-and-distributive-readings","title":"Collective and distributive readings","text":"Jogn and Molly ate a pizza.\np: one pizza, ate one together. distributive\np and q: two pizzas, each ate a pizza. collective\nCinthia and Sam have saved 100 dollars.\np: together 100 dollars\np and q: 200 dollars\nContent verb is a predicate, but functional verbs are not
John obviously spoke with Jane because he had to.
predicate: spoke with\nargument: John, Jane\nadjuncts: obviously, because he had to.\nIf I get a chance, I will probably try to avoid the mistake.
predicate: will try to \nargument: I, avoid the mistake\nadjuncts: If I get a chance, probably\nJohn performed Jill\u2019s operation first.
\nThe person who talk loudly is Jim\u2019s father.
predicate: is someone's father\nargument: the person who talk loudly, Jim\nadjunct: \nthe talking loudly person
predicate: talking\nargument: person\nadjunct: loudly\npredicate: the nodes that are connected in SUD parsing tree
universal dependency (UD)
syntactic-universal dependency (SUD)
graph TD\n Primitive_units_within_propositions --> Predicates\n Primitive_units_within_propositions --> Arguments\n Arguments --> individuals_Terms\n individuals_Terms --> constants\n individuals_Terms --> variables\nlexical predicates vs. syntactic predicates
individual constants vs. individual variables
e.g. We think John likes Susan.
T(w, Lj,s)\nTypes of predicates:
e.g. Monica hid her bicycle.
x hide y: Hx,y\nMonica: m\nher bicycle: b\nHm,b\ne.g. Monica did not hide her bicycle.
x hide y: Hx,y\nMonica: m\nher bicycle: b\n~Hm,b\ne.g. Monica laughed and cried.
Monica: m\nlaugh: L()\ncry: C()\nLm and Cm\ne.g. Jim sent Monica his dog.
Sj,m,d\ne.g. William did not help or hinder Mike.
~ (H1w,m or H2w,m) \ne.g. Jennifer promise to help.
P(j, Hj)\ne.g. Jennifer did not promise to help.
~P(j,Hj)\ne.g. Jennifer promise to not laugh.
P(j,~Lj)\ne.g. Mike claimed he wanted to help.
C(m, W(m/x, Hm/x))\n\nm: Mike\nx: maybe some other\ne.g. John asked Mandy to stop laughing.
A(j, m, S(m, Lm))\ne.g. John and Larry called Molly.
Cj,m and Cl,m\nC(j and l, m)\ne.g. Molly did not call John and Larry.
~C(m, j) and ~C(m, l)\n~C(m, j and l)\n~C(m, j) or ~C(m, l)\nentailment: (universal instantiation)
every dog barks \u2192 if something is a dog, then it is a dog.
Universal quantification
\\(\\forall\\)x (Dx \u2192 Bx)
D = (d1, d2, d3,\u2026)
\\(\\forall\\)x (Dx \u2192 Bx)= (Bd1 and Bd2 and Bd3, \u2026.)
Existential quantification
\\(\\exist\\)x (Dx and Bx)
D = (d1, d2, d3,\u2026)
\\(\\exist\\)x (Dx and Bx) = (Bd1 or Bd2 or Bd3, \u2026.)
e.g. Every cat barfed.
\\forall x (Cx -> Bx)\ne.g. The cat barfed.
Bc\ne.g. Bill fed cat.
\\forall x (Cx -> Fb,x)\ne.g. Some dog barked at Fred.
\\exist x (Dx and Bx,f)\ne.g. Fred scolded some dog.
\\exist x (Dx and Sf,x)\ne.g. Fred and Susan avoid some dog.
\\exist x (Dx and Af,x and As,x)\n\\exits x (Dx and Af,x) and \\exist y (Dy and Af,s)\ne.g. No dog barks.
\\forall x (Dx -> ~Bx)\n~\\exist x (Dx and Bx)\ne.g. Bill fed no dog.
~\\exist x (Dx and Fb,x)\n\\forall x (Dx -> ~Fb,x)\ne.g. No dog barked at Susan or chased Fred.
~\\exist x ((Dx and (Bx,s or Cx,f))\n\\forall x ((Dx -> (~Bx,s and ~Cx,f))\n\\forall x ((Dx -> ~(Bx,s or Cx,f))\nScope ambiguity
e.g. Some boy kissed every girl.
\\exist x \\forall y (Bx and (Gy -> Kx,y)) = \\exist x(Bx and \\forall y (Gy -> Kx,y))\n\\forall y \\exist x (Gy -> (Bx and Kx,y)) = \\forall y (Gy -> \\exist x (Bx and Kx,y))\nEvery boy kissed some girl.
\\forall x (Bx -> \\exist (Gy and Kxy)) <=> \\forall x \\exist y (Gy and Kxy)\nEvery students did not laugh.
\\forall x (Sx -> ~Lx) <=> ! \\exist x (Sx and Lx)\n~\\forall x (Sx -> Lx) <=> \\exist (Sx and ~Lx)\nNot every student laughs.
~\\forall x (Sx -> Lx) <=> \\exist (Sx and ~Lx)\ngraph TD\n laughed --> student\n student --> /every\n /every --> not\neach studnet did not laugh.
\\forall x (Sx -> ~Lx) \n~\\forall x (Sx -> Lx)\nany: negative polarity item
John did not pass every exam.
~\\forall x (Ex -> Pj,x) <=> \\exist x (Ex and Pj,x)\n\\forall x (Ex -> ~Pj,x)\nJohn did not pass any exam.
\\forall x (Ex -> ~Pj,x)\ne.g.
Jack saw a rat.
\\exist x (Rx and Sj,x) \nJack is a rat.
the quantifier is in the predicate but not the argument. here rat is a constant.
Rj\nJack knows no genius.
use not exist to render \u201cno\u201d
~\\exist x (Gx and Kj,x) <=> \\forall x (Gx -> ~Kj,x)\nJack is no genius. <=> Jack is not a genius.
~Gj\nThese problems are difficult.
Dp\nThese problems are difficult ones.
Dp\nAll the problems are difficult.
\\forall x (Px -> Dx)\nThese problems are all the problems.
Ap\nThese problems are not all the problems.
~Ap\nJack is our plumber.
Pj\nOur plumer is Jack. (has presupposition)
Pj\nEverything counts.
whether thing includes animate and inanimate.
\\forall x (Cx)\n\\forall x (Tx -> Cx)\nEverybody counts.
*\\forall x (Cx)\n\\forall x (Px -> Cx)\npredicates
some prepositions.
The present under the tree is big. (prepositions that gives location)
argument nouns.
common nouns
content verbs are the core of syntactic predicates
adjectives are most always the core of syntactic predicates.
e.g. Mike\u2019s wife thinks Mikes if lazy.
predicates inside individual constants are presuppositional
A thin man was present.
predicates inside \u2026 .are propositional
e.g. Every barking is harmless
has true or false impact on the truth
\\forall x ((Dx and Bx) -> Hx)\nthis proposition has to show up in the predicate
The barking dog is harmless.
Hd\nthe presupposition does not show in the predicate
John avoids every dog he sees.
\\forall x ((Dx and Sj,x) -> Aj,x)\nJohn said every dog barks.
intensional
Sj\nS(j,\\forall x (Dx -> Bx)) \nSj,I ; I for intensional argument predicate\nJane probably teased Sam last night
John arrived drunk.
Jim burped twice.
twice: propositional or presuppositional
Susan did not cheat yesterday.
Mary stayed because John stayed.
Mary did not stay because John stayed
Every boy was hungry
\\forall x: Bx(Hx)\nSome boy was hungry.
\\exist x: Bx(Hx)\nEvery cat barfed.
\\forall x: Cx(Bx)\nBill fed every cat.
\\forall x (Cx, Fb,x)\n\\forall x: Cx(Fb,x)\nSome dog barked at Fred.
\\exist x (Dx, Bx,f)\n\\exist x: Dx(Bx,f)\nFred and Susan avoid some dog.
\\exist x(Dx and (Af,x and As,x))\n\\exist x: Dx (Af,x and Af,x)\nNo dog barks.
~\\exist x (Dx and Bx) <=> ~\\exist x: Dx (Bx)\ngraph TD\n Semantic_Rules --> Model\n Semantic_Rules --> Valuation_Function\n Model --> Universe_of_Discourse\n Model --> Interpretation_Function\n Universe_of_Discourse --> entities\ninterpretation function I
I(name) \u2192 meaning\nassignment function g[x/e]
g(type of object) -> meaning\nvaluation function V
V(p) = 1/0\nV(Bs) = 1/0\n[[\\alpha]]^M the denotation of \\alpha wrt M (same as interpretation function I)
[[name]]^M -> meaning\n\u4e0d\u597d\u8bf4 \u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d
\u76ee\u5f55
\u751f\u6210\u53e5\u6cd5\u548c\u6210\u5206\u53e5\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b
[The big book of poems with the blue cover] is on the table.\n\u6210\u5206\u53e5\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0csubject\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e3a1\u7684\u6811
\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6210\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e24\u7ec4\u5408\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6
one-replacement
\u7528one-replacement\u63a2\u6d4b\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528did so/did too\uff09
Mika loved the policeman intensively.\nSusan did so half-heartedly.\n*Susan did so the baker.\ngraph TD\n NP --> D\n D --> the\n NP --> N1\n N1 --> AdjP\n AdjP --> big\n N1 --> N2\n N2 --> N3\n N2 --> PP1\n N3 --> N\n N --> book\n N3 --> PP2\n PP2 --> of_poems\n PP1 --> with_the_blue_cover\n\u52a0\u5165\u4e86bar level\uff0cbook\u4e0eof poems\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u6295\u5c04X-bar\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aconstituent\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u753b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u5f62\u5f0f
\u751f\u6210\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66\u6d3e\uff1a\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002classical theory and standard theory\u30021988\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86government and binding theory\u3002lexicon, D-S, S-S, PF, LF
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#n-bar","title":"N-bar","text":"\u539f\u672cNP\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982N\u2192
N-bar theory\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811
\u89c4\u5219\u6bd4\u5982
NP -> Det N'\nN' -> AP N'\nN' -> N PP\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u6295\u5c04
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#v-bar","title":"V-bar","text":"VP -> V' // \u9884\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed9\u6f5c\u5728\u7684specifier\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\nV' -> AdvP V' | V' PP | V' AdvP\nV' -> V(NP)\nAdjP -> Adj'\nAdj' -> (AdvP) Adj' | Adj' (AdvP)\nAdj' -> Adj(PP)\nPP -> P'\nP' -> P'(PP) | (AdvP)P'\nP' -> P(NP)\n\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcdX \u2192 \u4e2d\u95f4\u6295\u5c04X\u2019 \u2192 \u6700\u5927\u6295\u5c04XP\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u5230XP\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u4e2d\u95f4\u6295\u5c04
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#parameter-of-word-orders","title":"Parameter of Word Orders \u7ba1\u7ea6\u8bba\uff0c \u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u7406\u8bba","text":"\u6839\u636eX-bar\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u5e8f\uff08\u5982SVO\uff0cSOV\u7b49\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bed\u6cd5\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u89e3\u91ca
specifier\u548ccomplement\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5176sister\u7684\u4e24\u4fa7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u533a\u522b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aparameter setting
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#_2","title":"\u753b\u6811\u7684","text":"head movement: movement from a head to another head position
\u53e5\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751fmovement\u7684\u6807\u5fd7
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/conv_gen/#-reading","title":"- \u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u79cdreading","text":"shortest movement
shortest: let the path of a movement be the set of nodes that dominate the original position of the moved item, and do not dominate the leading site.
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/","title":"\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5 UD & SUD","text":"In full spelling, Universal Dependency gammar and Surface Syntax Universal Dependency grammar.
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#tools","title":"Tools","text":"AllenNLP Demo CoreNLP Tool
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#concepts","title":"Concepts","text":"Dependency grammar\u00a0(DG) is an approach to the study of the syntax and grammar of natural languages that is quite distinct from\u00a0phrase structure grammar\u00a0(PSG), which is also known as\u00a0constituency grammar. The modern history of DG begins with\u00a0Lucien Tesni\u00e8re's major oeuvre (1959), whereas the modern history of PSG begins arguably with\u00a0Noam Chomsky's first prominent work (1957).
DG views linguistic structures in terms of a\u00a0one-to-one mapping\u00a0of atomic linguistic units to the nodes in structure, whereas PSG assumes a\u00a0one-to-one-or-more mapping. The distinction is clearly visible when one compares the tree structures. The next trees are taken from the\u00a0Wikipedia article on DG:
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#sud","title":"SUD","text":"[Surface Syntactic Universal Dependencies (SUD) | SUD](https://surfacesyntacticud.github.io/ SUD is an annotation scheme for syntactic dependency treebanks, and has a nearly perfect degree of two-way convertibility with the Universal Dependencies scheme (UD). Contrary to UD, it is based on syntactic criteria (favoring functional heads) and the relations are defined on distributional and functional bases.
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/ud_sud/#general-principles-of-sud","title":"General principles of SUD","text":"SUD has 4 specific syntactic relations and a few extended relations: - subj - udep - comp - comp:aux - comp:cleft - comp:obj - comp:obl - comp:pred - mod
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/","title":"\u666e\u904d\u8bed\u6cd5 Universal Grammar","text":""},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#introduction","title":"Introduction","text":"Syntax\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cdgrammar\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53e5\u5b50\u3002
Grammar\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528high order of statistical approximation to English\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#basic-linguistics","title":"Basic Linguistics","text":"DFA & Regular language
\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5173\u5fc3CFG\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#phrase-structure-limitation","title":"Phrase Structure & Limitation","text":"\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684CFG\uff08\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09\u6784\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u6240\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u5f15\u5165a more powerful model combining phrase structure and grammatical transformation\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8f6c\u6362-\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u3002
"},{"location":"Ling/Syntax/uni_gram/#on-the-goals-of-linguistic-theory","title":"On the Goals of Linguistic Theory","text":"\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5f52\u7eb3\u51faUG\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9UG\u7684\u671f\u671b\u7531\u5f3a\u81f3\u5f31\u4e3a\uff1a
\u5e94\u8be5\u7814\u7a76competence\uff0c\u800c\u975eperformance
"},{"location":"Other/","title":"\u7d22\u5f15","text":"TODO\uff08\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5199\uff09
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/","title":"\u3010TODO\u3011\u6211\u768424fall\u7533\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f55","text":"\u672c\u9875\u9762\u4f1a\u5728\u621112\u6708\u6295\u9012\u5b8c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u7533\u8bf7\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u6709\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5fc3\u5f97\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4CS\u548clinguistics\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6599\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u751f\u6001\u3002
\u9884\u8ba1\u66f4\u65b0\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u6709\uff1a
\u6211\u52a0\u5fc3\u9009\u5355\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u7684\u98de\u8dc3+opencsapp\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u91cc\u9762\u5220\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7533\u5230\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u53bb\u7684
\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u5fcd\u4f4f\u7533\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u89c9\u5f97\u7533\u8bf7\u8d39\u4e0e\u5982\u679c\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25\u53ef\u80fdgap\u4e00\u5e74\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u524d\u8005\u8f83\u5c0f
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#phd","title":"Ph.D. \u9009\u5bfc","text":""},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_2","title":"\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u7ee9","text":"CMU \u5fc5\u987b\u9001\u5206
Umich Meng ECE\u9700\u8981GRE\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9001\u5206 The University of Michigan school code is 1839.
Uchi MPCS\u9700\u8981GRE\u7684q>85%\uff08\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\uff09\uff0cv\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42 Please have an official TOEFL or IELTS score sent directly to the University of Chicago. The University's institution code for TOEFL/GRE reporting is 1832
UW CLMS \u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5b98\u65b9\u9001\u5206 TOEFL/GRE ETS report code: 4854
USC: 4852
UCSD\uff1a4836
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_3","title":"\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1","text":"\u5927\u7ea612.2\u53f7\u770b\u5230phd\u7533\u8bf7\u7fa4\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8981\u627e3\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u5c31\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u63d0\u524d\u627e4\u52305\u4e2a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u4ea4\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u6709\u6dfb\u52a0\u591a\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff08\u6211\u7684\u9009\u6821\u91cc\u53ea\u6709loo\u548cumich\u4e0a\u9650\u4e09\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u5fd9\u5fd8\u4e86\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u518d\u95ee\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\uff0c\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u662fphd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u5fd8\u4e86\u4ea4\u62d2\u4f60\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u7684ms\u542c\u8bf4\u4e09\u5c01\u4ea4\u4e0d\u9f50\u5c31\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0d\u4e86\uff08\u6211\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u6ca1\u9047\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u58f0\u62d2\u4f60\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u662f\u63d0\u524d\u627e4\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002
\u542c\u8bf4USC MSCS\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u770b\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u591a\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\uff0c\u8d4c\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002
Uchi\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1
Rice\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1
CMU\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982MSCS\u548cPhD\u5171\u4eab\uff0cMLT\u90a3\u4e00\u5927\u4e32\u7684AI\u9879\u76ee\u5171\u4eab\u3002
UCSD\u7684ms\u548cphd\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u636e\u8bf4cs ce master\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e92\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u8ddfgit\u4e0d\u4e92\u901a
Umich\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u81f3\u5c11ms\u548cmeng\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3002\u586b\u9519\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u540e\u65b0\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u663e\u793a\u539f\u6765\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u3002
Waterloo\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e1-3\u5929\u5185\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4eba\u6700\u5feb\u6536\u5230\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e1\u5929\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5728ddl\u524d14\u5929\u548c7\u5929\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5404\u81ea\u52a8\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21\u50ac\u4fe1
\u7fa4\u91cc\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u8865\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u54e5\u5927cs ce ee\u4e5f\u662f\u5171\u7528\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u662fms
\u5df2\u77e5\u5927\u8305\u548c\u54e5\u5927\u67e5ip\u633a\u4e25\uff0c\u7fa4\u91cc\u6709\u540c\u5b66\u6536\u5230\u5b66\u6821\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bf4\u67e5\u5230\u4fe1\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u7684
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_4","title":"\u5957\u74f7","text":"\u7f51\u4e0a\u8bf4\u5957\u5230\u74f7\u624d\u80fd\u7533\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u662f\u5957\u74f7\u548c\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u6709\u6559\u6388\u5c31\u60f3\u7b49\u770b\u5230\u6c60\u5b50\u518d\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u7fa4\u91cc\u8bf423fall\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5f3aprof\u5236\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u544a\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u62ff\u4e0d\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u62d2\u4eba\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eca\u5e74\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u6821\u6539committee\u5236\u4e86\uff08\u7fa4\u91cc\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4usc\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4eca\u5e74\u8eab\u8fb9\u4eba\u5957usc\u7684\u74f7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u56de\u3002\u3002\uff09
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#college-specific","title":"College-specific\u7f51\u7533\u7684\u5751","text":"CMU\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u641c\u7d22 MLT application \u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9875\u9762\u53ca\u7533\u8bf7\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u627e\u4e0d\u5230MLT\u9879\u76ee\u7684
Application Management (cmu.edu) \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u622a\u56fe\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u7406mscv\u548cmsaii\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7533\u8bf7\u3002
CMU\u7684video essay\uff1a
\u5728mscs\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u662f\u63d0\u524d\u5f55\u597d\u4e86\u7136\u540e\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230youtube\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u7ec6\u5206\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u4e2aai\u9879\u76ee\u91cc\u662f\u96503\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u968f\u673a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9650\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u9650\u65f6\u8bf4\u3002
\u6211\u770b\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u5e16\u5b50\u8bf4\u597d\u50cfmiis ini ece\uff08\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff09\u662f30s\u51c6\u5907\uff0c180s\u8bf4\uff0c\u95ee\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5927\u7c7b\u6709\uff1a\u4f60\u961f\u53cb\u600e\u4e48\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u6536\u5230\u7684\u961f\u53cb\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8d1f\u9762\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u600e\u4e48\u9886\u5bfcproject\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u7684project\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c9f\u901a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f60\u9047\u5230\u632b\u6298\u4e86\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837...\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f88\u8ddfcourse project\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5728mlt\u91cc\u6253\u5f00\u9047\u5230\u7684\u662f10s\u51c6\u5907\uff0c210s\u8bf4\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003: - \u8bb2\u8bb2\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u6211\u4eec\u9879\u76ee - \u4f60\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u90fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48 \u8fd9\u6837\u5f88\u7814\u7a76\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u719f\u8bb0sop\u5c31\u80fd\u7b54
UWaterloo \u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8d76\u7d27\u4ea4\u4e86\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0a\u4f20cv \u6587\u4e66 \u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u7ee9\u7b49\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u540e2-4\u5929\u6536\u5230\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6bd412.1\u63d0\u524d\u81f3\u5c11\u56db\u4e94\u5929\u4ea4
Umich\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u56db\u4e94\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u8981\u987a\u5e8f\u586b\u5b8c\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u9875\u9762\u624d\u80fd\u8df3\u7740\u586b
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_5","title":"\u6587\u4e66","text":"CV instruction from JHU Upload a copy of your resume or curriculum vitae (CV). This document should outline clearly and briefly the following: Employment held (include title of jobs and start/end dates) Research activities Academic honors, including fellowships you have been awarded Volunteer or community service Extracurricular activities Honorary societies, awards for service or leadership you have received Publications
\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5ba1\u6587\u4e66\u65f6\u6bcf\u4efd\u6587\u4e665-10\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u80fd\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f 1\uff09\u5c0f\u6807\u9898 2\uff09\u52a0\u7c97\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6211\u4e0a\u6b21\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u95e8\u8bfe\u7684group tutorial\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u5408\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efdrp\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u5199\u7684\u662f\u6700\u6666\u6da9\u7684lit review\uff0c\u5373\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u8fd8\u53e5\u5b50\u6700\u957f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u4e3b\u9898\u52a0\u4e86\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u540c\u5b66\u5199\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u3002\u8001\u5e08\u5728\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u95f4\u9699\u7784\u4e86\u51e0\u773c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5c31\u53ea\u770b\u8fdb\u53bb\u4e86lit review\u7684\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u70b9\u8bc4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u505a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5206\u6bb5\u548c\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u771f\u7684\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56db\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4/\u805a\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u591f\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7528\u62a0\u592a\u7ec6\u3002
\u60f3\u7ed9\u70b9\u5199\u6587\u4e66\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u7528\u7684\u683c\u5f0f
PS\u7ed3\u6784
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9bhook\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e00\u70b9\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u603b\u7ed3\u6027\u7684\u8bdd/tattoo\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5e72\u8106\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u201c\u6211\u672c\u79d1\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9xxx\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e0a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8bfe\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u5e73\u5b9e\u5730\u5f00\u59cb
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\u5e26\u8fc7\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u522b\u51fa\u8272\u7684score\u6216coursework\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bf4
\u7b2c\u4e09\u5230\u4e94\uff08\u6216\u56db\uff09\u6bb5\uff1a\u6bcf\u6bb5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u5206\u603b\u5199\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\u6700\u60f3\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u70b9/\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8bf4
\u7b2c\u516d\u6bb5\uff1amoving forward \u8bb2\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u89c4\u5212
\u7b2c\u4e03\u6bb5\uff1awhy [program name] and why [school name]
\u7b2c\u516b\u4e5d\u6bb5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684diversity \u5956\u5b66\u91d1 gre clarification\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5199
References
SoP\u7ed3\u6784
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\uff1axxx\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5bf9xxx\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u5728x\u6821\u8bfbphd is naturally a continuation of my previous interests and experiences\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\uff1a ( \u6b64\u5904\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u548c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u4ecb\u7ecd
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\uff1aAAA \u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b
\u5199\u5b8c\u4e00\u6574\u6bb5\u540e\u6700\u540e\u518d\u8d77\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7b80\u4ecb\n\uff08+\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u5427\uff09\n+\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\n+\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\n+\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\n+\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\n+\u5e0c\u671bachieve\u7684\u76ee\u6807\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\uff1aBBB \u540c\u4e0a
\u7b2c\u56db\u6bb5\uff1aCCC \u540c\u4e0a\u4e0a
\u7b2c\u4e94\u6bb5\uff1aMoving forward
\u7b2c\u516d\u6bb5\uff1awhy [program name] and why [school name]
\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u5f97\u662f sop \u662f\u4e3a\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u91cd\u65b0\u5199\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u5f55\uff0c\u7528\u522b\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7684 sop \u7b80\u5355\u62fc\u62fc\u6539\u6539\u4ea4\u4e0a\u53bb\u7684\u90fd\u7ed9\u62d2\u4e86\u3002\u3002
References
\u6211\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0e\u6211\u672a\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u65b9\u5411\u7279\u522b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6982\u62ec\u4f4f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6807\u9898\u9996\u5148\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027/\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7528\u201c\u6211\u53d7\u5230\u4e86xx\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8bdd\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002
UCSD \u7ed9\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6307\u5bfc \u4e94\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898 - How did you become interested in this field? - What experiences have contributed toward your preparation for further study in this field? - What are your future goals? - What are your research interests? - How are you a \"match\" for the program to which you are applying? \u5176\u5b83\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684 - Give examples of personal attributes or qualities that would help you complete graduate study successfully. - Describe your determination to achieve your goals, your initiative and ability to develop ideas, and your ability to work independently. - Describe background characteristics that may have placed you at an educational disadvantage (English language learner, family economic history, lack of educational opportunity, disability, etc.). - Leave the reader believing that you are prepared for advanced academic work and will be successful in graduate school.
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#_6","title":"\u81f4\u8c22","text":"\u6211\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u4eba
\u7ed9\u8fc7\u6211\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u751f\u5efa\u8bae\u7684
\u8001\u5e08
\u8ddf\u6211\u804a\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u540c\u5b66
\u63d0\u4f9b\u60c5\u611f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u548cTA\u4eec
"},{"location":"Other/24fall/#emotion-timeline","title":"\u9644\u5f55\uff1aEmotion \u7248 \u6211\u7684 Timeline\uff08\u5efa\u8bae\u522b\u770b \u770b\u6211\u4e22\u4eba\uff09","text":"\u6211\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u771f\u7684\u597d\u6781\u9650\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a\u554a
"},{"location":"Other/howtocite/","title":"How to cite elegantly?","text":""},{"location":"Other/howtocite/#which-format","title":"Which format?","text":""},{"location":"Other/howtocite/#in-text-citation","title":"In-text citation","text":""},{"location":"Other/howtocite/#references","title":"References","text":""},{"location":"Other/howtocite/#tools","title":"Tools","text":"... But the best tool is by hand
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/","title":"NLP Global PHD Equality Digest (\u642c\u8fd0)","text":"\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81eahttps://github.com/zhijing-jin/nlp-phd-global-equality
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_1","title":"\u9996\u63a8\u8d44\u6e90","text":"(John Hewitt, PhD@Stanford)\u00a0Undergrad to PhD, or not - advice for undergrads interested in research\u00a0(2018). [Suggestions]
\u7a77\u548c\u4e0d\u806a\u660e\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u7531
\u7533\u8bf7\u524d\u76848\u6708\u52309\u6708\u8981\u5199\u597d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SOP\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u505a\u600e\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u57288\u6708\u8981\u8054\u7cfb\u597d\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1
(Prof Jason Eisner@JHU)\u00a0Advice for Research Students\u00a0(last updated: 2021). [List of suggestions]
Interesting snippets: \"Goal-driven. Develop a vision of some new AI capabilities you\u2019d like to achieve, and solve problems that bring you closer to that goal.\", \"If you are working on incremental ideas, be aware that their usefulness depends on their complexity.\", \"Consider how the biggests bursts of impactful work tend to be tightly clustered in a small number of research groups and institutions. That\u2019s not because these people are dramatically smarter than everyone else, it\u2019s because they have a higher density of expertise and perspective, which puts them a little ahead of the rest of the community, and thus they dominate in generating new results.\", \"Early on in your career, I recommend splitting your time about evenly between textbooks and papers. You should choose a small set of relevant textbooks and theses to gradually work through, and you should also reimplement the models and algorithms from your favorite papers.\" 3. (Prof Fei-Fei Li@Stanford)\u00a0De-Mystifying Good Research and Good Papers\u00a0(2014). [Suggestions]
Interesting snippets: \"This means publishing papers is NOT about \u201cthis has not been published or written before, let me do it\u201d, nor is it about \u201clet me find an arcane little problem that can get me an easy poster\u201d. It\u2019s about \u201cif I do this, I could offer a better solution to this important problem,\u201d or \u201cif I do this, I could add a genuinely new and important piece of knowledge to the field.\u201d You should always conduct research with the goal that it could be directly used by many people (or industry). In other words, your research topic should have many \u2018customers\u2019, and your solution would be the one they want to use. A good research project is not about the past (i.e. obtaining a higher performance than the previous N papers). It\u2019s\u00a0about the future (i.e. inspiring N future papers to follow and cite you, N->\\inf).\"
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_10","title":"\u8bfb\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5de5\u5177","text":"\u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed\uff1a
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_13","title":"\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_14","title":"\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u6559\u804c\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5bfc\u5e08\uff1f","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#nlp","title":"\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u89c4\u5212NLP\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6daf","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_15","title":"\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a","text":""},{"location":"Other/nlp_phd/#_16","title":"\u5f15\u7528","text":"@misc{resources2021jin,\n author = {Zhijing Jin},\n title = {Resources to Help Global Equality for PhDs in NLP},\n year = {2021},\n publisher = {GitHub},\n journal = {GitHub repository},\n howpublished = {\\url{https://github.com/zhijing-jin/nlp-phd-global-equality}}\n}\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7528\u6765\u6536\u96c6 nlp \u5165\u95e8\u8d44\u6599\u7684 minimal closure\uff08\u6307\u8db3\u591f\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u8d44\u6e90\u96c6\u5408\uff09
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#machine-learning-theory","title":"Machine Learning Theory","text":"Google\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u7684playground\u505a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4ee3\u7801
Machine Learning \u00a0|\u00a0 Google for Developers
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#machine-learning-technology","title":"Machine Learning Technology","text":"TODO
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#deep-learning-theory","title":"Deep Learning Theory","text":"TODO
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#deep-learning-technology","title":"Deep Learning Technology","text":"Pytorch\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u7740\u4ee3\u7801\u624b\u6284\u4e00\u4e0b
Welcome to PyTorch Tutorials \u2014 PyTorch Tutorials 2.0.1+cu117 documentation
numpy: numpy 100 exercise
rougier/numpy-100: 100 numpy exercises (with solutions) (github.com)
Pytorch
PyTorch\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u95e8\u6559\u7a0b\uff08\u7edd\u5bf9\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\uff01\uff09\u3010\u5c0f\u571f\u5806\u3011_\u54d4\u54e9\u54d4\u54e9_bilibili
Attention-based Models and Transformer
Let's build GPT: from scratch, in code, spelled out. - YouTube
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#natural-language-processing-theory","title":"Natural Language Processing Theory","text":"Stanford CS224N: NLP with Deep Learning | Winter 2021 | Lecture 1 - Intro & Word Vectors - YouTube
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#natural-language-processing-technology","title":"Natural language processing technology","text":"Stanford CS 224N | Natural Language Processing with Deep Learning
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#reinforcement-learning","title":"Reinforcement Learning","text":"\u8611\u83c7\u4e66EasyRL (datawhalechina.github.io)
Codes:
boyu-ai/Hands-on-RL: https://hrl.boyuai.com/ (github.com) datawhalechina/easy-rl: \u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u6587\u6559\u7a0b\uff08\u8611\u83c7\u4e66\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u9605\u8bfb\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps://datawhalechina.github.io/easy-rl/
"},{"location":"Other/nlp_resources/#computer-vision","title":"Computer Vision","text":"Computer Vision | Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen (uni-tuebingen.de)
"},{"location":"Other/portfolio/","title":"Portfolio for CMU METALS Application","text":"Hi there! \ud83d\udc4b
This site is a temporary portfolio for CMU METALS application.
"},{"location":"Other/portfolio/#frontend-works","title":"Frontend Works","text":"GlyphGun violence in US visualization
"},{"location":"Other/portfolio/#graphic-design","title":"Graphic Design","text":"Calendar Card1 Card2 Card3
logo
"},{"location":"Other/tools/","title":"\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\uff01","text":"
\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u70b9\u597d\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177
"},{"location":"Other/tools/#workflow","title":"\u6211\u7684workflow","text":""},{"location":"Other/tools/#notionobsidian","title":"\u9009\u62e9Notion\u548cObsidian","text":"\u5148\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba
\u4f18\u70b9/\u5de5\u5177 Notion Obsidian \u8bed\u6cd5 \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662fmarkdown \u7eafmarkdown \u4e66\u5199\u901f\u5ea6 \u6162 \u5feb \u6587\u6863\u6574\u9f50\u7a0b\u5ea6 \u9ad8 \u4f4e \u90e8\u7f72\u5230mkdocs\u96be\u6613 \u6613\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u7528 \u96be\uff0c\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u5f88\u591a\u683c\u5f0f \u5bfc\u51fa\u4e2d\u6587\u652f\u6301\u7a0b\u5ea6 \u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u5b57\u4f53\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u6587\u7f3a\u5b57 \u5b57\u4f53\u591a\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u7684 workflow: \u5b8c\u5168\u629b\u5f03 Ob \u4e86\uff01
graph TD\n \u542c\u5199 --> Notion \n Notion -- \u6709\u65f6\u95f4 --> mkdocs\nTODO
"},{"location":"Other/tools/#_2","title":"\u6587\u732e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177","text":"TODO
\u5176\u5b9e\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684asset\u91cc\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e2a\u600e\u4e48\u914d\u7f6ezotero\u7684ppt\uff0c\u592a\u61d2\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u6574\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u53bb\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u627e\u627eorz
"},{"location":"Other/tools/#_3","title":"\u96f6\u6563\u5de5\u5177","text":""},{"location":"Other/tools/#_4","title":"\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u751f\u6210\u5668","text":"\u751f\u6210\u957f\u5f97\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801 \u76f4\u63a5\u626b\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u7f51\u7ad9
"},{"location":"Other/tools/#_5","title":"\u5728\u7ebf\u6253\u65f6\u95f4\u8f74\u5de5\u5177","text":"https://judes.me/lrc_editor/
"},{"location":"Other/whynote/","title":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5199\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b14\u8bb0","text":"\u672c\u6765\u60f3\u5199\u591a\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u592a\u61d2\u4e86
"},{"location":"Other/zju_ling_cs/","title":"ZJU English Major to CS&NLP","text":"\u26a0\ufe0f \u611f\u89c9\u5f53\u65f6\u5199\u5f97\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u89c2\u5ff5\u53c8\u6709\u4e9b\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd24\u5e74\u6625\u8282\u671f\u95f4\u7a7a\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u518d\u8ba4\u771f\u6539\u4e00\u4e0borz
"},{"location":"Other/zju_ling_cs/#_1","title":"\u672c\u6587\u6863\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f","text":"\u7b14\u8005\u8f6c\u4e13\u4e1a\u8e29\u8fc7\u7684\u5751\u548c\u5bf9\u540e\u8f88\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u771f\u5fc3\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77ZJU\u5185\u90e8\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4f20\u5e2e\u5e26\u6c1b\u56f4\u3002
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