fix(deps): update dependency path-to-regexp to v8

[mend-on-mend]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Type	Update	Change
path-to-regexp	dependencies	major	^7.1.0 -> ^8.0.0

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path-to-regexp outputs backtracking regular expressions

CVE-2024-45296 / GHSA-9wv6-86v2-598j

More information

Details

Impact

A bad regular expression is generated any time you have two parameters within a single segment, separated by something that is not a period (.). For example, /:a-:b.

Patches

For users of 0.1, upgrade to 0.1.10. All other users should upgrade to 8.0.0.

These versions add backtrack protection when a custom regex pattern is not provided:

• 0.1.10
• 1.9.0
• 3.3.0
• 6.3.0

They do not protect against vulnerable user supplied capture groups. Protecting against explicit user patterns is out of scope for old versions and not considered a vulnerability.

Version 7.1.0 can enable strict: true and get an error when the regular expression might be bad.

Version 8.0.0 removes the features that can cause a ReDoS.

Workarounds

All versions can be patched by providing a custom regular expression for parameters after the first in a single segment. As long as the custom regular expression does not match the text before the parameter, you will be safe. For example, change /:a-:b to /:a-:b([^-/]+).

If paths cannot be rewritten and versions cannot be upgraded, another alternative is to limit the URL length. For example, halving the attack string improves performance by 4x faster.

Details

Using /:a-:b will produce the regular expression /^\/([^\/]+?)-([^\/]+?)\/?$/. This can be exploited by a path such as /a${'-a'.repeat(8_000)}/a. OWASP has a good example of why this occurs, but the TL;DR is the /a at the end ensures this route would never match but due to naive backtracking it will still attempt every combination of the :a-:b on the repeated 8,000 -a.

Because JavaScript is single threaded and regex matching runs on the main thread, poor performance will block the event loop and can lead to a DoS. In local benchmarks, exploiting the unsafe regex will result in performance that is over 1000x worse than the safe regex. In a more realistic environment using Express v4 and 10 concurrent connections, this translated to average latency of ~600ms vs 1ms.

References

• OWASP
• Detailed blog post

Severity

• CVSS Score: 7.5 / 10 (High)
• Vector String: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References

• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/security/advisories/GHSA-9wv6-86v2-598j
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45296
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/commit/29b96b4a1de52824e1ca0f49a701183cc4ed476f
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/commit/60f2121e9b66b7b622cc01080df0aabda9eedee6
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/commit/925ac8e3c5780b02f58cbd4e52f95da8ad2ac485
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/commit/d31670ae8f6e69cbfd56e835742195b7d10942ef
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/commit/f1253b47b347dcb909e3e80b0eb2649109e59894
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp
• https://github.com/pillarjs/path-to-regexp/releases/tag/v6.3.0

This data is provided by OSV and the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).

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Release Notes

pillarjs/path-to-regexp (path-to-regexp)

v8.0.0: Simpler API

Compare Source

Heads up! This is a fairly large change (again) and I need to apologize in advance. If I foresaw what this version would have ended up being I would not have released version 7. A longer blog post and explanation will be incoming this week, but the pivot has been due to work on Express.js v5 and this will the finalized syntax used in Express moving forward.

Edit: The post is out - https://blakeembrey.com/posts/2024-09-web-redos/

Added

• Adds key names to wildcards using *name syntax, aligns with : behavior but using an asterisk instead

Changed

• Removes group suffixes of ?, +, and * - only optional exists moving forward (use wildcards for +, {*foo} for *)
• Parameter names follow JS identifier rules and allow unicode characters

Added

• Parameter names can now be quoted, e.g. :"foo-bar"
• Match accepts an array of values, so the signature is now string | TokenData | Array<string | TokenData>

Removed

• Removes loose mode
• Removes regular expression overrides of parameters

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